Economic Evaluations for Service Delivery in Autism Spectrum Disorders

2013 ◽  
pp. 16-42
Author(s):  
Fjorentina Angjellari-Dajci ◽  
William F. Lawless ◽  
Max E. Stachura ◽  
Elena A. Wood ◽  
Caroline DiBattisto
Keyword(s):  
Autism Spectrum Disorders ◽  
Service Delivery ◽  
Cost Analysis ◽  
Autism Spectrum ◽  
Economic Benefits ◽  
Economic Evaluations ◽  
Economic Costs ◽  
Net Benefit ◽  
Spectrum Disorders ◽  
The Difference

Comparative full economic evaluations are needed to evaluate whether telehealth-based systems can bring societal cost savings and economic benefits that exceed economic costs. However, economic evaluations of telehealth-based interventions across different health care fields have focused primarily on cost analysis, rather than on full economic analysis, which captures both the economic costs and economic benefits of two or more competing interventions. The authors provide a framework for Benefit-Cost Analysis that would render this method more applied. In particular, they are interested in the comparative economic evaluation of two categories of Autism Spectrum Disorders intervention programs: telehealth-based and in-person. Their framework can be used to economically evaluate whether telehealth service delivery offers greater societal net benefits—the difference between societal economic benefits and societal economic costs—than in-person delivery, and the threshold volume of telehealth encounters required for the telehealth delivery to reach a zero societal net benefit.

scholarly journals COMPLEMENT SYSTEM AS A MARKER OF IMMUNE DYSFUNCTION IN CHILDREN AUTISM SPECTRUM DISORDERS

2019 ◽  
Vol 21 (4) ◽  
pp. 773-780
Author(s):  
E. G. Cheremnykh ◽  
P. A. Ivanov ◽  
M. I. Factor ◽  
E. Yu. Chikina ◽  
S. G. Nikitina ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Autism Spectrum Disorders ◽  
Immune System ◽  
Complement System ◽  
Functional Activity ◽  
Autism Spectrum ◽  
Autistic Spectrum ◽  
Healthy Donors ◽  
Spectrum Disorders ◽  
The Difference ◽  
The Complement System

It is known that functional activity of complement system depends not only on balance and concentration of components participating in formation of the system end products, but also on levels of inhibitory activities. Numerous relations with hemostasis also substantially contribute to general level of complement system activity. Changes in complement system functioning are inevitable during chronic diseases accompanied with immune system dysregulation. All mental diseases tend to be chronic and are they aggravated by patients’ immune system changes. Autism spectrum disorders in children is a group of mental disorders. Immune system dysregulation is usually detected in such patients, manifesting as excessive susceptibility to viral and bacterial infections. Therefore, the level of its functional activity is diagnostically and prognostically significant in this pathology, since the complement system is a key element of immune system.We have evaluated functional activity of complement system in patients with autistic spectrum disorders, using the method which was developed earlier. It is based on the reaction of the protozoa (Tetrahymena pyriformis) which are both targets and activators for the complement system. The complement system capacity (cSC) was used as the main parameter of complement evaluation. The half-time of protozoa survival (T50) was defined using the BioLat device for each serum specimen added at four concentrations (1/20, 1/40, 1/80, 1/160 dilution). The complement capacity was calculated as the area enclosed by influence curve of the reciprocals of T50 and the serum dilution. According to Mann–Whitney U test, the difference between patients’ and healthy volunteers’ groups was established as Z = 4.43 (by T50 at 1/160 dilution), p < 0.001 and by cSCas Z = 5.8, p < 0.001. cSC was calculated from the results obtained at each serum concentration measured. The difference between the two groups according to Mann–Whitney U test appeared to be more significant than the difference according to T50. Therefore, cSC was taken as the main characteristic of complement system function.The contribution of hemostasis plasma components to complement system functional activity level was estimated by determination of complement capacity in plasma and serum of each blood sample from 6 patients with autism spectrum disorders and 5 healthy donors. All healthy donors showed small difference between plasma and serum complement capacity, and their complement activity was higher in plasma. In patients’ group, the complement capacity levels in plasma and serum differed significantly. The cSC levels of two patients were higher in serum than in plasma, and the cSC levels of three other patients were significantly higher in plasma than in serum. Differential involvement of coagulation into the complement system activation may be indicative for the immune system dysfunction which is observed in patients with autistic spectrum disorders of different etiology.

Telehealth-Based Systems for Diagnosis, Management, and Treatment of Autism Spectrum Disorders

2013 ◽  
pp. 1044-1065 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fiorentina Angjellari-Dajci ◽  
William F. Lawless ◽  
Nitin Agarwal ◽  
Ron Oberleitner ◽  
Barbara Coleman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
South Carolina ◽  
Autism Spectrum Disorders ◽  
Service Delivery ◽  
Behavioral Interventions ◽  
Autism Spectrum ◽  
Market Demand ◽  
The Us ◽  
Spectrum Disorders ◽  
Full Utilization

The prevailing system for diagnosis, treatment, and management of Autism Spectrum Disorders (ASDs) in the US—the in-person service delivery—has been unable to address the increase in the demand for services and societal costs for those served, and the unattained societal benefits for those not diagnosed early enough or not offered early and intensive behavioral interventions. The authors discuss new developments in telehealth for diagnostic evaluation and ASD treatment in the US. They build a theoretical model to capture telehealth system’s potential in reaching ASD screening market equilibrium under the constraint of full utilization of provider hours and other stylized facts. The authors estimate the market demand for ASD screening in the US for year 2011. They present their progress with a case study that focuses on the potential impacts of increased access to care of technology-based telehealth on the Georgia-South Carolina border. The authors use social network analysis to envision the future of telehealth service delivery for ASDs.

Active participation and social integration service delivery model for youth with autism spectrum disorders

2011 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 5-16
Author(s):  
Rachel L. Smith, MS ◽  
Marieke Van Puymbroeck, PhD, CTRS ◽  
Georgia Frey, PhD
Keyword(s):  
Autism Spectrum Disorders ◽  
Service Delivery ◽  
Social Integration ◽  
Autism Spectrum ◽  
Active Participation ◽  
Recreational Therapy ◽  
Service Delivery Models ◽  
Spectrum Disorders ◽  
Integration Service ◽  
Delivery Models

Although the field of recreational therapy has a number of conceptual models of practice, there are few service delivery models. Service delivery models provide practitioners with the frameworks needed to contextualize focused intervention practices to achieve prescribed outcomes. The active participation and social integration (APASI) model provides a framework to recreational therapists for successfully integrating youth with autism spectrum disorders into the recreation mainstream. First, the background, need, and purpose of the APASI model are described, followed by the conceptual and theoretical foundations of the model. Next, the process of the model is detailed. Finally, benefits, limitations, and implications for research and practice are discussed.

Autismespectrumstoornis en/of anorexia nervosa

2021 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Unna Danner ◽  
Annemarie van Elburg ◽  
Audrey Mol ◽  
Jolanda Wielemaker ◽  
Jasper van Roon ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Anorexia Nervosa ◽  
Autism Spectrum Disorders ◽  
Autism Spectrum ◽  
Diagnostic Process ◽  
Professional Field ◽  
Spectrum Disorders ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Diagnostic Criterion

The assessment of autism spectrum disorders (ASD) is complex, especially when there are alternative diagnostic hypotheses. In that case, one should not only have a good understanding of ASD, but should also have sufficient expertise of the alternative diagnoses. To promote knowledge about ASD in the professional field, the Autism Expertise Center has started a series of whitepapers. In order to bring together the relevant expertise, we collaborate with other institutions. The white papers explain, per diagnostic criterion, the difference between ASD and another diagnosis, but also what can be observed when these diagnoses appear together. We hereby aim to provide diagnosticians with more knowledge and tools and thus improve the diagnostic process. In this whitepaper we will specifically discuss ASD and anorexia nervosa: how can you distinguish these diagnoses from each other and when do you diagnose both?

scholarly journals Public opinions regarding the relationship between Autism Spectrum Disorders and society: social agenda construction via science café and public dialogue using questionnaires

2012 ◽  
Vol 11 (04) ◽  
pp. A03 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jin Higashijima ◽  
Yui Miura ◽  
Chie Nakagawa ◽  
Yasunori Yamanouchi ◽  
Kae Takahashi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Autism Spectrum Disorders ◽  
Autism Spectrum ◽  
Social Attitudes ◽  
Ethical Concerns ◽  
Social Agenda ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Spectrum Disorders ◽  
The Difference ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Science Cafe

Rapid and significant developments in the science of Autism Spectrum Disorders (ASDs) have provoked serious social and ethical concerns as well as positive influences worldwide. This study created a social agenda containing 21 important issues regarding the relationship between ASDs and society and the development of the science of ASDs. The agenda was constructed with the input of a variety of Japanese people who were provided with scientific ASD information and engaged in discussions regarding ASDs. First, opinions were sought via a questionnaire from the attendees of six science café sessions. Then, additional important issues were put forward by attendees of a larger dialogue session regarding the relationship between ASDs and society, again via a questionnaire. The agenda covered a wide range of issues, including information regarding ASDs, people’s understanding of ASDs, social support, education, the difference between ASD characteristics and individuality, ASD research, diagnosis, and social attitudes.

Biomedical treatment versus the social functioning of a child with autism spectrum disorders

2020 ◽  
Vol LXXXI (4) ◽  
pp. 273-282
Author(s):  
Maja Jędruszczak ◽  
Danuta Al-Khamisy
Keyword(s):  
Autism Spectrum Disorders ◽  
Social Functioning ◽  
Treatment Guidelines ◽  
Social Behaviors ◽  
Autism Spectrum ◽  
The Social ◽  
Spectrum Disorders ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Biomedical Treatment

This article looks at the findings of a study whose aim was to explore the difference in the social functioning of a student with autism spectrum disorders before biomedical treatment was introduced and during the treatment. It provides information on changes in the participant’s social behaviors collected with the use of the case study method and a short description of biomedical treatment guidelines and elements. Analysis of the information gathered shows that after 12 months from the beginning of biomedical treatment for autism, positive changes occurred in the participant's social functioning. He made the most progress in fulfilling the role of a friend and the least progress in social behaviors toward his family.

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