Autismespectrumstoornis en/of anorexia nervosa

2021 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Unna Danner ◽  
Annemarie van Elburg ◽  
Audrey Mol ◽  
Jolanda Wielemaker ◽  
Jasper van Roon ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Anorexia Nervosa ◽  
Autism Spectrum Disorders ◽  
Autism Spectrum ◽  
Diagnostic Process ◽  
Professional Field ◽  
Spectrum Disorders ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Diagnostic Criterion

The assessment of autism spectrum disorders (ASD) is complex, especially when there are alternative diagnostic hypotheses. In that case, one should not only have a good understanding of ASD, but should also have sufficient expertise of the alternative diagnoses. To promote knowledge about ASD in the professional field, the Autism Expertise Center has started a series of whitepapers. In order to bring together the relevant expertise, we collaborate with other institutions. The white papers explain, per diagnostic criterion, the difference between ASD and another diagnosis, but also what can be observed when these diagnoses appear together. We hereby aim to provide diagnosticians with more knowledge and tools and thus improve the diagnostic process. In this whitepaper we will specifically discuss ASD and anorexia nervosa: how can you distinguish these diagnoses from each other and when do you diagnose both?

scholarly journals Anorexia Nervosa and Autism Spectrum Disorders: Future Hopes Linked to Mucosal Immunity

2019 ◽  
Vol 26 (6) ◽  
pp. 265-275
Author(s):  
Tristan Gabriel ◽  
Stéphane Paul ◽  
Anne Berger ◽  
Catherine Massoubre
Keyword(s):  
Anorexia Nervosa ◽  
Autism Spectrum Disorders ◽  
Mucosal Immunity ◽  
Autism Spectrum ◽  
Spectrum Disorders

scholarly journals COMPLEMENT SYSTEM AS A MARKER OF IMMUNE DYSFUNCTION IN CHILDREN AUTISM SPECTRUM DISORDERS

2019 ◽  
Vol 21 (4) ◽  
pp. 773-780
Author(s):  
E. G. Cheremnykh ◽  
P. A. Ivanov ◽  
M. I. Factor ◽  
E. Yu. Chikina ◽  
S. G. Nikitina ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Autism Spectrum Disorders ◽  
Immune System ◽  
Complement System ◽  
Functional Activity ◽  
Autism Spectrum ◽  
Autistic Spectrum ◽  
Healthy Donors ◽  
Spectrum Disorders ◽  
The Difference ◽  
The Complement System

It is known that functional activity of complement system depends not only on balance and concentration of components participating in formation of the system end products, but also on levels of inhibitory activities. Numerous relations with hemostasis also substantially contribute to general level of complement system activity. Changes in complement system functioning are inevitable during chronic diseases accompanied with immune system dysregulation. All mental diseases tend to be chronic and are they aggravated by patients’ immune system changes. Autism spectrum disorders in children is a group of mental disorders. Immune system dysregulation is usually detected in such patients, manifesting as excessive susceptibility to viral and bacterial infections. Therefore, the level of its functional activity is diagnostically and prognostically significant in this pathology, since the complement system is a key element of immune system.We have evaluated functional activity of complement system in patients with autistic spectrum disorders, using the method which was developed earlier. It is based on the reaction of the protozoa (Tetrahymena pyriformis) which are both targets and activators for the complement system. The complement system capacity (cSC) was used as the main parameter of complement evaluation. The half-time of protozoa survival (T50) was defined using the BioLat device for each serum specimen added at four concentrations (1/20, 1/40, 1/80, 1/160 dilution). The complement capacity was calculated as the area enclosed by influence curve of the reciprocals of T50 and the serum dilution. According to Mann–Whitney U test, the difference between patients’ and healthy volunteers’ groups was established as Z = 4.43 (by T50 at 1/160 dilution), p < 0.001 and by cSCas Z = 5.8, p < 0.001. cSC was calculated from the results obtained at each serum concentration measured. The difference between the two groups according to Mann–Whitney U test appeared to be more significant than the difference according to T50. Therefore, cSC was taken as the main characteristic of complement system function.The contribution of hemostasis plasma components to complement system functional activity level was estimated by determination of complement capacity in plasma and serum of each blood sample from 6 patients with autism spectrum disorders and 5 healthy donors. All healthy donors showed small difference between plasma and serum complement capacity, and their complement activity was higher in plasma. In patients’ group, the complement capacity levels in plasma and serum differed significantly. The cSC levels of two patients were higher in serum than in plasma, and the cSC levels of three other patients were significantly higher in plasma than in serum. Differential involvement of coagulation into the complement system activation may be indicative for the immune system dysfunction which is observed in patients with autistic spectrum disorders of different etiology.

scholarly journals Brief Report: Specificity of Interpersonal Synchrony Deficits to Autism Spectrum Disorder and Its Potential for Digitally Assisted Diagnostics

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jana Christina Koehler ◽  
Alexandra Livia Georgescu ◽  
Johanna Weiske ◽  
Moritz Spangemacher ◽  
Lana Burghof ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Autism Spectrum Disorder ◽  
Autism Spectrum Disorders ◽  
Autism Spectrum ◽  
Screening Tools ◽  
Outpatient Clinics ◽  
Diagnostic Process ◽  
Interpersonal Synchrony ◽  
Diagnostic Interviews ◽  
Spectrum Disorders ◽  
Current Screening

AbstractReliably diagnosing autism spectrum disorders (ASD) in adulthood poses a challenge to clinicians due to the absence of specific diagnostic markers. This study investigated the potential of interpersonal synchrony (IPS), which has been found to be reduced in ASD, to augment the diagnostic process. IPS was objectively assessed in videos of diagnostic interviews in a representative referral population from two specialized autism outpatient clinics. In contrast to the current screening tools that could not reliably differentiate, we found a significant reduction of IPS in interactions with individuals later diagnosed with ASD (n = 16) as opposed to those not receiving a diagnosis (n = 23). While these findings need to be validated in larger samples, they nevertheless underline the potential of digitally-enhanced diagnostic processes for ASD.

Economic Evaluations for Service Delivery in Autism Spectrum Disorders

2013 ◽  
pp. 16-42
Author(s):  
Fjorentina Angjellari-Dajci ◽  
William F. Lawless ◽  
Max E. Stachura ◽  
Elena A. Wood ◽  
Caroline DiBattisto
Keyword(s):  
Autism Spectrum Disorders ◽  
Service Delivery ◽  
Cost Analysis ◽  
Autism Spectrum ◽  
Economic Benefits ◽  
Economic Evaluations ◽  
Economic Costs ◽  
Net Benefit ◽  
Spectrum Disorders ◽  
The Difference

Comparative full economic evaluations are needed to evaluate whether telehealth-based systems can bring societal cost savings and economic benefits that exceed economic costs. However, economic evaluations of telehealth-based interventions across different health care fields have focused primarily on cost analysis, rather than on full economic analysis, which captures both the economic costs and economic benefits of two or more competing interventions. The authors provide a framework for Benefit-Cost Analysis that would render this method more applied. In particular, they are interested in the comparative economic evaluation of two categories of Autism Spectrum Disorders intervention programs: telehealth-based and in-person. Their framework can be used to economically evaluate whether telehealth service delivery offers greater societal net benefits—the difference between societal economic benefits and societal economic costs—than in-person delivery, and the threshold volume of telehealth encounters required for the telehealth delivery to reach a zero societal net benefit.

Anorexia nervosa and autism spectrum disorders: Guided investigation of social cognitive endophenotypes.

2007 ◽  
Vol 133 (6) ◽  
pp. 976-1006 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nancy L. Zucker ◽  
Molly Losh ◽  
Cynthia M. Bulik ◽  
Kevin S. LaBar ◽  
Joseph Piven ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Anorexia Nervosa ◽  
Autism Spectrum Disorders ◽  
Social Cognitive ◽  
Autism Spectrum ◽  
Spectrum Disorders

Anorexia nervosa and comorbid autism spectrum disorders

2021 ◽  
Vol Publish Ahead of Print ◽  
Author(s):  
Emma Saure ◽  
Marja Laasonen ◽  
Anu Raevuori
Keyword(s):  
Anorexia Nervosa ◽  
Autism Spectrum Disorders ◽  
Autism Spectrum ◽  
Spectrum Disorders

scholarly journals The sociocommunicative deficit subgroup in anorexia nervosa: autism spectrum disorders and neurocognition in a community-based, longitudinal study

2011 ◽  
Vol 42 (9) ◽  
pp. 1957-1967 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Anckarsäter ◽  
B. Hofvander ◽  
E. Billstedt ◽  
I. C. Gillberg ◽  
C. Gillberg ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Anorexia Nervosa ◽  
Autism Spectrum Disorders ◽  
Personality Traits ◽  
Pervasive Developmental Disorders ◽  
Autism Spectrum ◽  
Cognitive Test ◽  
Autism Spectrum Quotient ◽  
Neurocognitive Tests ◽  
Dsm Iv ◽  
Spectrum Disorders

BackgroundA subgroup of persons with anorexia nervosa (AN) have been proposed to have sociocommunicative problems corresponding to autism spectrum disorders [ASDs, i.e. DSM-IV pervasive developmental disorders (PDDs): autistic disorder, Asperger's disorder, PDD not otherwise specified (NOS)]. Here, clinical problems, personality traits, cognitive test results and outcome are compared across 16 subjects (32%) with teenage-onset AN who meet or have met ASD criteria (AN+ASD), 34 ASD-negative AN subjects and matched controls from a longitudinal Swedish study including four waves of independent assessments from the teens to the early thirties.MethodThe fourth wave included the Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV (SCID)-I and the SCID-II (cluster C, i.e. ‘anxious’ PDs) interviews, the Asperger Syndrome Diagnostic Interview, self-assessments by the Autism Spectrum Quotient and the Temperament and Character Inventory, neurocognitive tests by subscales from the Wechsler scales, continuous performance tests, Tower of London, and Happé's cartoons.ResultsThe ASD assessments had substantial inter-rater reliability over time (Cohen's κ between 0.70 and 0.80 with previous assessments), even if only six subjects had been assigned a diagnosis of an ASD in all four waves of the study, including retrospective assessments of pre-AN neurodevelopmental problems. The AN+ASD group had the highest prevalence of personality disorders and the lowest Morgan–Russell scores. The non-ASD AN group also differed significantly from controls on personality traits related to poor interpersonal functioning and on neurocognitive tests.ConclusionsA subgroup of subjects with AN meet criteria for ASDs. They may represent the extreme of neurocognitive and personality problems to be found more generally in AN.

scholarly journals Public opinions regarding the relationship between Autism Spectrum Disorders and society: social agenda construction via science café and public dialogue using questionnaires

2012 ◽  
Vol 11 (04) ◽  
pp. A03 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jin Higashijima ◽  
Yui Miura ◽  
Chie Nakagawa ◽  
Yasunori Yamanouchi ◽  
Kae Takahashi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Autism Spectrum Disorders ◽  
Autism Spectrum ◽  
Social Attitudes ◽  
Ethical Concerns ◽  
Social Agenda ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Spectrum Disorders ◽  
The Difference ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Science Cafe

Rapid and significant developments in the science of Autism Spectrum Disorders (ASDs) have provoked serious social and ethical concerns as well as positive influences worldwide. This study created a social agenda containing 21 important issues regarding the relationship between ASDs and society and the development of the science of ASDs. The agenda was constructed with the input of a variety of Japanese people who were provided with scientific ASD information and engaged in discussions regarding ASDs. First, opinions were sought via a questionnaire from the attendees of six science café sessions. Then, additional important issues were put forward by attendees of a larger dialogue session regarding the relationship between ASDs and society, again via a questionnaire. The agenda covered a wide range of issues, including information regarding ASDs, people’s understanding of ASDs, social support, education, the difference between ASD characteristics and individuality, ASD research, diagnosis, and social attitudes.

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