Estimating Methods for Small Teams

Author(s):  
Tomás San Feliu Gilabert ◽  
Magdalena Arcilla

This chapter reviews the estimation techniques in software development focused on small teams and provides useful estimation guidelines for software practitioners. The techniques selected are based on one principle: easy to learn, easy to apply. The authors have included both agile techniques and traditional techniques. Agile techniques are suitable for small teams. Nevertheless, traditional techniques, like PROBE, have proven to be useful. Finally, they discuss sustainable estimation infrastructure.

2021 ◽  
pp. 107-129
Author(s):  
A. Alzayed ◽  

Requirements engineering (RE), the process of defining the requirements of a system, is critical to the successful implementation of software projects. Although many studies have been globally conducted on the different facets of RE in software engineering, studies explicitly focusing on the countries of the Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) have been scarce. GCC-specific RE research studies are needed because of the unique cultural characteristics and common work ethics in GCC countries. Besides, the investigation of the state of RE practices in the countries of the GCC is crucial as the globalization of software development becomes imminent. This study compares the state of RE practices within the six countries of the GCC, namely, the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA), the United Arab Emirates (UAE), Qatar, Kuwait, Bahrain, and Oman, using six RE factors. To understand commonalities and differences in the RE practices and methods, 163 software practitioners in GCC countries are surveyed in this study. The results show that the RE practices are relatively similar among the six countries, with subtle differences. Initiating software-related projects with unclear requirements and undefined project scopes are the two major limitations of the RE practices among the survey participants. The results of this study contribute to providing project managers and system analysts, who are working globally and within the GCC countries, with valuable decision-making tools to help them consider the identified RE techniques, methods, and challenges and their related risks early in their software development projects


2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 023-031
Author(s):  
Monday Eze ◽  
Charles Okunbor

Software Engineering is a branch of Computer Science that evolved as a result of urgent need to deal with decades of software crisis, characterized by low theoretical knowledge and practice of the construction of error-free and efficient software. The introduction of well-organized scientific, engineering and management strategies in the process of software development no doubt led to major breakthroughs, and solutions to software failures. One of the obvious game-changer in this regard is the evolution of Software Development Life Cycle, also known as Software Process Model for driving the different phases of software construction. A sound understanding of the process model is therefore inevitable, not just for software developers, but also to users and researchers. Such a theoretical cum practical understanding will enhance decisions on which process model is best for a particular job or perspective. This invariably, contributes immensely to the probability of success or failure of the project in question. Thus, the necessity for this research. This work presents an unambiguous expository of selected software development model variants. A total of four process model variants were studied, in a theoretical, visual and analytical manner. The variants were analyzed using strength versus weakness (SVW) tabular scenario. This work was concluded by presenting guides towards choice of these models. This research is expected to be a useful reference to software practitioners and researchers.


Author(s):  
Anureet Kaur ◽  
Kulwant Kaur

Smartphones<em>/</em>mobile devices are enduring all the aspects of human life. With the significant increase in demand for applications running on smartphones/mobile devices, developers and testers are anticipated to deliver high quality, on time and within budget applications. The estimation of development and testing provides a baseline and act as a tracking gear for stakeholders and developers. There are various approaches for estimation of traditional software development. But mobile applications are considered different from traditional software such as from those running on desktop, laptop or on the web. Many traditional estimation techniques used for these software are adapted to mobile domain. With agile software development (ASD) methodology, the scenario of development and estimation has changed drastically and so as mobile app development and estimation. This paper provides a Systematic Literature Review (SLR) on traditional estimation techniques and agile estimation techniques applied in mobile software/application. Also, effort attributes and accuracy parameters for estimation in mobile apps are presented. However, to date, there are very fewer studies done on the mobile application estimation domain using agile methodology.


2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (22) ◽  
pp. 10633
Author(s):  
Chetna Gupta ◽  
Varun Gupta

In distributed software development, planning and managing fair and transparent task allocation is both critical and challenging. The objective of this paper is to propose a decentralized blockchain-oriented, transparent task allocation framework to improve the quality of the task allocation process. It addresses the concerns of (i) enhancing collaboration, (ii) inhibiting knowledge vaporization, and (iii) reducing documentation problems. The proposed method is a novel two-fold process: First, it identifies and categorizes tasks exhibiting different dependencies and complexities to create equal task clusters based on their dependency type, difficulty, cost, and time. Second, it uses a blockchain-oriented framework to broadcast, check bid validity, allow developers to bid on tasks matching their roles and expertise, evaluate, and announce the winner for task allocation using smart contracts. Results of experimentation, surveys, and interviews with software practitioners conclude that the proposed solution is transparent and effective in allocating tasks (with Cranach’s alpha of 0.894) at a low cost of contract execution in a distributed software development environment. Overall, the proposed approach will have a positive and significant impact in industrial settings.


2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 7763-7770

Ensuring software reliability is a challenging task in software development. Software reliability is the probability of software to provide its intended functionality over a specified time. A couple of testing procedures during the phases of software development provides the data to approximate software reliability. This approximation guides the development team to plan necessary corrective actions. A variety of Software Reliability Growth Models (SRGMs) are in use to predict software reliability. A common task for every SRGM is to calculate reliability growth models attributes as a part of reliability estimation. Optimal calculation of such attributes is influenced by the relationships among the parameters of an SRGM. Therefore parametric SRGMs rely on parameter estimation techniques. The present paper has undertaken the study of existing parameter estimation techniques with the main goal of understanding the pros and cons of each technique in order to design a better technique of parameter estimation for SRGM’s in use. A critical review of existing techniques of parameter techniques is given in this paper detailing the categories, approaches, problems relating to the techniques. One of the most successful swam intelligence techniques named Gray Wolf Optimization (GWO) along with its variants are applied to estimate the parameters of SRGMs. The results of this application along with the comparative analysis are given. The variants of GWO played a significant role in parameter estimation of the SRGMs considered for the experiments. An attempt is made to propose new ways of parameter estimation to achieve optimization.


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