Why a Benchmarking with EEE Countries?

2014 ◽  
pp. 22-42
Author(s):  
Cristina Boboc ◽  
Emilia Titan
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Mediterranean Region ◽  
Arab Countries ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Transition Processes ◽  
Market Driven ◽  
International Collaborative ◽  
The Mediterranean ◽  
The Eu

This is a chapter that introduces the major arguments for selecting EEE countries for comparisons with Arab economies. The focus is placed on the neighborhood, with the European Union and the similarities related to the transition processes experienced by EEE countries while moving form centralized and administrated to open and market-driven economies. The series of international collaborative frameworks developed with the EU, with Arab countries, and within the Mediterranean region are also among the reasons behind selecting the comparisons between Arab and EEE economies.

scholarly journals The Influence of the Migration Crisis of 2015 on the EU Migration Policy

2020 ◽  
Vol 24 (3) ◽  
pp. 9-23
Author(s):  
Marianna Gladysh ◽  
Viktor Viktor
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Middle East ◽  
Mediterranean Region ◽  
Migration Policy ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Member States ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
The Mediterranean ◽  
Migration Crisis ◽  
The Eu

Nowadays the European Union migration policy towards is one of the most important aspects in ensuring internal security of the EU. At the end of the XXth – beginning of the XXI century, Europe faced a new phenomenon – the intensifi cation of migration processes, namely the influx of refugees and migrants-asylum seekers from third countries. Therefore, it led to the creation and development of common migration policy of the European Union. In this regard, it was important to create legislation that could regulate such issues as border security and combating illegal migration, as well as to create a common asylum system. The need to study the legal framework on which the EU policy on migrants and refugees is based, and to study the current state and trends in the migration policy of the member-states of the EU has determined the relevance of this study. The importance of this topic is intensified by the European migration crisis of 2015, which is even described as a humanitarian catastrophe caused by a massive influx of refugees from Africa and the Middle East. It showed the main problems in the sphere of migration policy and policy towards refugees: imperfection of the system of delimitation of the EU competencies; a large number of countries with confl icting interests in various spheres; fragmentation of programs in force at the national level. To address the migration crisis, the EU used a multifaceted strategy: improving and creating new migration management institutions, expanding crossregional dialogue with the countries of the Mediterranean region, Africa and the Middle East; continued to reformat the Mediterranean region (region-building). Potential approaches range from an internal search for strategies in which each member state seeks to defend its own interests (sometimes even against European integration processes) to a more farsighted approach in which member states work together to address a wide range of migration issues.

scholarly journals The migrant crisis in the Mediterranean: A multidimensional challenge for the European Union

2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (4) ◽  
pp. 617-629
Author(s):  
C Anguita Olmedo ◽  
P González Gómez del Miño
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Methodological Approach ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Political Debate ◽  
Member States ◽  
Institutional Stability ◽  
Social Agenda ◽  
Illegal Migrants ◽  
The Mediterranean ◽  
The Eu

The European Union (EU) throughout its history has been the destination of diverse migratory flows. Therefore, migration has acquired special relevance by occupying a prominent position on the EU’s political, economic, cultural, and social agenda. The most recent migration crisis of 2015 represents a multidimensional challenge with severe consequences that affect, first, the institutional foundations of the EU (governance, security, solidarity of member states and institutional stability) and, second, the migratory policies of receiving states and the EU itself. This crisis is characterized, first, by the high number of illegal migrants that cross the Mediterranean, and, second, by the humanitarian tragedy and insecurity, which make the sea a grey area and an international reference in the migratory processes. The migration-security equation became a field of applied research and analysis, and at the same time a focus of political debate and public opinion. The article aims at analysing the crisis of 2015 and its consequences, which is done by means of the methodological approach based on the consequences that this phenomenon entails for the EU and for certain member states. The response of the EU is limited primarily to securitization by strengthening the external borders, turning towards internal security rather than respecting international and Community Treaties and promotion of their values, which contradicts the anticipated leadership of this global actor. The authors believe that it is necessary to implement new mechanisms in addition to ensuring greater effectiveness of the existing ones.

The European Union in the Mediterranean Sea: Navigating the Political-Legal Shallows

2018 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 271-298
Author(s):  
Stephan F.H. Ollick
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Mediterranean Sea ◽  
North Africa ◽  
Political Agenda ◽  
The Political ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Regime Complex ◽  
International Migrants ◽  
The Mediterranean ◽  
The Eu

The Mediterranean Sea has long been an important and perilous route for international migrants from the coast of North Africa to the European Union (EU). Manygrants and refugees travelling on overcrowded and unseaworthy dinghies do not survive the crossing. Rising numbers of fatalities put pressure on the EU to address the Mediterranean tragedy with renewed urgency. Frontex Operation Triton (2014–) and the naval mission eunavfor med Operation SOPHIA (2015–) were launched to survey and influence migratory flows. Although thousands of migrants and refugees have thus been delivered from distress at sea, casualty rates remain staggeringly high. Some commentators and organizations have dismissed Frontex and eunavfor med Operation SOPHIA as vehicles of an isolationist political agenda. This overlooks the narrow legal, political and practical confines within which these initiatives operate. Frontex and eunavfor med Operation SOPHIA seek to attain a level of control necessary for the delayed implementation of more ambitious and forward-looking schemes. The unsophisticated, temporary nature of the regime complex currently governing the EU’s activities in the Mediterranean Sea manifests in ambiguous language, in frequent and disparate amendments, and in the brevity of the mandates thus dispensed.

scholarly journals TURKEY–EU RELATIONS AFTER THE CHANGE OF THE LEADERSHIP OF THE EUROPEAN UNION 1 DECEMBER 2019

2020 ◽  
pp. 24-46
Author(s):  
Amur Gadjiev ◽  
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Mediterranean Sea ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Eu Countries ◽  
Main Factors ◽  
The Mediterranean ◽  
Migration Crisis ◽  
The Eu

This article attempts to identify and analyze the main factors that influenced the development of relations between Turkey and the European Union after the change in EU leadership, as well as highlight the main reasons that aggravated these relations until the outbreak of COVID-19. The threat of a sharp aggravation of the migration crisis in the EU countries against the background of the deteriorating situation in Syrian Idlib and the tightening of sanctions against Turkey in connection with its exploration work in the Mediterranean Sea created even greater foggy relations between Turkey and the EU.

scholarly journals THE GOVERNANCE OF MIGRATION THROUGH THE MEDITERRANEAN: A TRANSNATIONAL PERSPECTIVE

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna Elia ◽  
◽  
Valentina Fedele
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Migration Policy ◽  
Border Studies ◽  
Political Agenda ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Global Approach ◽  
Member States ◽  
External Dimension ◽  
The Mediterranean ◽  
The Eu

The paper aims to verify the reproduction of ‘modern coloniality’ through externalising the European borders in Tunisia, Morocco and Algeria, focusing particularly on its discursive and practical articulations. Crossing Critical Border Studies’ approaches and an analytical view on the policies and agreements supporting the externalisation politics, we have tried to trace the evolution of the external dimension of E.U. migration policy from the perspective of both the countries of the Francophone Maghreb and of the member states of the European Union. The results show that beyond the rhetoric of the global approach to externalisation of borders adopted by the EU, Maghrebian states have implemented forms of resistance and accomplishment to make their global political agenda prevail over E.U. attempts to manage the Mediterranean governance migration.

Introduction

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Kirsten A. Greer
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Nature Conservation ◽  
Mediterranean Region ◽  
The European Union ◽  
The North ◽  
British Colony ◽  
Migrant Birds ◽  
The Mediterranean ◽  
Politics Of Nature ◽  
Migrating Birds

The introduction situates the importance of the book within current politics of nature in the Mediterranean. For the few last decades, there has been talk of a “war” on European migrant birds in the southernmost point of the European Union (EU) and former British colony—Malta. Located in the Mediterranean Sea, Malta has long been viewed as a bridge between Europe and North Africa, with its proximity to Tunisia and Libya in the south and Sicily to the north. Each spring and autumn, thousands of European migrating birds use the Maltese Islands as a resting place for their long journeys to and from their wintering grounds in Africa. While some people have claimed that the EU is another form of imperialism now imposed on the Maltese, what is missing from this understanding are the ways in which bird protection in Malta, the production of the Maltese “pothunter,” and environmental ideas of British migrant birds and semitropicality are rooted in part in Britain’s imperial past in the Mediterranean region. Moreover, Malta’s so-called unnatural relationship with birds has been put into sharp relief in comparison to Britain’s other previous Mediterranean colony—Gibraltar. Once a monument to empire, the British overseas territory is now promoted as a model of nature conservation and ornithological study in the Mediterranean.

Changes in Köppen-Geiger Climate Types in the Iberian Peninsula using the e-OBS dataset (1950-2018).

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Enric Aguilar
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
European Union ◽  
Iberian Peninsula ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Temperature And Precipitation ◽  
Gridded Dataset ◽  
The Mediterranean ◽  
Global Increase ◽  
The Eu

<p>The recent decades have been characterized by a noticeable warming over most of the globe. This warming has been accompanied by a global increase in precipitation, although many regions are projected to evolve towards a dryer climate. This is the case for the flanks of the subtropical dry regions, such as the Mediterranean and, more specifically, the Iberian Peninsula</p><p>In this contribution, we use climate normal extracted from the E-OBS 20.0 gridded temperature and precipitation datasets E-OBS 20.0, from the EU-FP6 project UERRA (http://www.uerra.eu) and the Copernicus Climate Change Service, and the data providers in the ECA&D project (https://www.ecad.eu), with a resolution of 0.1 deg, to assess the evolution across three 20-year periods (1951-1970; 1971-1990 and the slightly shorter 1991-2018) of the extension occupied by the Köppen-Geiger climate types. In consonance with the observed and projected climate change, we observe an increase in the Iberian Peninsula of the extension of the dry (B) types, as replacement of the colder varieties by warmer ones.</p><p>The analysis with the gridded dataset is compared to station records corresponding to the areas which swap climate-types for validation purposes.     </p><p> </p><p>This work has been funded by the INDECIS project. INDECIS is part of ERA4CS, an ERA-NET initiated by JPI Climate, and funded by FORMAS (SE), DLR (DE), BMWFW (AT), IFD (DK), MINECO (ES), ANR (FR) with co-funding by the European Union Grant 690462).</p><p> </p>

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