The Surrogacy Trail

2015 ◽  
pp. 139-152 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Hieda
Keyword(s):  
In Vitro Fertilization ◽  
Surrogate Mother ◽  
Vitro Fertilization ◽  
Traditional Form ◽  
Commercial Surrogacy ◽  
Out Of Pocket Expenses ◽  
Gestational Surrogacy

Surrogacy is the carrying of a child for its intended parents by another person where they cannot do this themselves. There are two main types; gestational surrogacy and traditional surrogacy. The first relies on the transfer of an embryo created by in-vitro fertilization (IVF); the resulting child is not genetically related to the surrogate mother. In the traditional form, the surrogate mother is impregnated naturally or artificially, and the child is genetically related to the surrogate. In either case the intended parent(s) may seek such arrangements when pregnancy may be difficult, or because they are male. If the surrogate mother is paid (other than out-of-pocket expenses), the arrangement is commercial surrogacy; otherwise it is ‘altruistic' surrogacy. Legal situations and costs vary, and if possible at all, usually requires specific arrangements between countries. Problems, such those in the recent Australia-Thailand (Gammy) case, can arise even with agreements.

scholarly journals Genetic Gestational Surrogacy: Hope for Muslims

2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Shamima Parvin Lasker ◽  
Marcello Ghilardi
Keyword(s):  
In Vitro Fertilization ◽  
Major Part ◽  
Muslim World ◽  
Surrogate Mother ◽  
Islamic Theology ◽  
Vitro Fertilization ◽  
Legal Procedure ◽  
The World ◽  
Gestational Surrogacy

More than half a million couples may be suffering from infertility in the world. When in vitro fertilization is unsuccessful, surrogacy may be a substitute choice for many couples. Literature shows that ten million Muslims are infertile worldwide. According to Islamic theology the concept of surrogacy is null and void as formation of blastocyst constitutes from sperm that is transferred to the uterus of a woman who is not married to him. In Islam, marriage is the only legal procedure to procreation for preservation of lineage, inheritance, prevention of adultery and prevention of possibility of incest among the half-siblings.  Genetic gestational surrogacy (sperm of husband and ovum of wife is fertilized by IVF procedure and transfer the embryos to the surrogate mother) may be free from social, legal and moral complications. Some Islamic countries have reluctant law in favour of surrogacy, as for example Iran, Lebanon and sporadic parts of the Muslim world. This article has attempted to find out a valid notion for accepting genetic gestational surrogacy in major part of the Muslim world that may reduce the peril of women who can not give a birth baby.

scholarly journals Genetic Gestational Surrogacy: Hope for Muslims

2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Shamima Parvin Lasker ◽  
Marcello Ghilardi
Keyword(s):  
In Vitro Fertilization ◽  
Major Part ◽  
Muslim World ◽  
Surrogate Mother ◽  
Islamic Theology ◽  
Vitro Fertilization ◽  
Legal Procedure ◽  
The World ◽  
Gestational Surrogacy

More than half a million couple may be suffering from infertility in the world. When in vitro fertilization is unsuccessful, surrogacy may be a substitute choice for many couples. Literature shows that ten million Muslims are infertile worldwide. According to Islamic theology the concept of surrogacy is null and void as formation of blastocyst constitutes from sperm that is transferred to the uterus of a woman who is not married to him. In Islam, marriage is the only legal procedure to procreation for preservation of lineage, inheritance, prevention of adultery and prevention of possibility of incest among the half-siblings.  Genetic gestational surrogacy (sperm and ovum of husband and wife is fertilized by IVF procedure and transfer the embryos to the surrogate mother) may be free from social, legal and moral complications. Some Islamic countries have reluctant law in favour of surrogacy, as for example Iran, Lebanon and sporadic parts of the Muslim world. This article has attempted to find out a valid notion for accepting genetic gestational surrogacy in major part of the Muslim world that may reduce the peril of women who can not give a birth baby.

Editorial-SURROGACY

2016 ◽  
Vol 32 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
O.S. Verma
Keyword(s):  
In Vitro Fertilization ◽  
Intrauterine Insemination ◽  
Natural Course ◽  
Assisted Reproductive Techniques ◽  
Egg Donation ◽  
Surrogate Mother ◽  
Vitro Fertilization ◽  
Reproductive Techniques

Worldwide, about 200 million couples are infertile. Almost 15 per cent of them require ART and IVF treatments. Couples who are unable to conceive even after years of trying could use procedure called Assisted Reproductive Techniques (ART) to get pregnant. These includes Intrauterine Insemination, In-Vitro Fertilization (IVF), Spern / Egg donation, and Gestational Carriers called “Surrogacy”. People join for Surrogacy when they want to have their genes in the child but can not make it happen in natural course. There are two types of Surrogacy: (1) The man’s sperm and the woman’s ova is injected in the uterus of the surrogate mother who rents out her womb for the child, (2) If the Egg of the mother is not good enough to produce a baby, an Egg is then rented out by donor mother. A tripartite agreement is duly signed according to the terms and conditions prevalent at that time. This Editorial viewed Surrogacy Industry through the lens of intent, efficacy, and its purview.

Transnational Commercial Surrogacy

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cyra Akila Choudhury
Keyword(s):  
Assisted Reproductive Technologies ◽  
Reproductive Technologies ◽  
International Regulation ◽  
Vitro Fertilization ◽  
Commercial Surrogacy ◽  
Cross Border ◽  
Legal Problems ◽  
Legal Frameworks ◽  
Gestational Surrogacy

With the emergence of assisted reproductive technologies, particularly in vitro fertilization, gestational surrogacy in which an woman can be hired to gestate the child of commissioning parents has grown into a multimillion dollar industry. While many countries prohibit surrogacy, others permit and some even allow women to charge for the service of gestation on a commercial basis. This article addresses the regulation of transnational surrogacy and the related legal conflicts that arise in cross-border agreements particularly in commercial contracts It starts with a brief exploration of the surrogacy industry and growth. It then goes on to describe and analyze some of the legal frameworks that affect surrogacy contracts. The article proceeds to discuss some of the most prominent cross-border controversies to highlight that these conflicts tend to arise from a lack of international or transnational regulation on parentage and citizenship. Finally, the article explores the proposals for international regulation and the prospects of solving some of the more difficult legal problems that have arisen from transnational surrogacy.

Matchmaking Genes

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anindita Majumdar
Keyword(s):  
In Vitro Fertilization ◽  
Technological Process ◽  
Assisted Reproductive Technologies ◽  
Reproductive Technologies ◽  
Assisted Conception ◽  
Indian Council ◽  
Vitro Fertilization ◽  
Commercial Surrogacy ◽  
Folk Wisdom

Much of the debates on commercial surrogacy are marked by the interventions and involvement of the assisted reproductive technologies such as in vitro fertilization (IVF). In this chapter the medico-technological process of commercial surrogacy is seen through the involvement of IVF specialists, embryologists in their identification and understanding of genes and kinship. The chapter also explores the ways in which fertility clinics negotiate with the practice of commercial surrogacy by invoking Indian Council of Medical Research’s (ICMR) draft law on surrogacy and reproductive technologies. The chapter looks at how medicine does not always operate within a tradition of rationality but often invokes local-folk wisdom of kin and kinship to understand the consequences of assisted conception. In that sense IVF specialists, clinicians, and embryologists often become ‘matchmakers’ invoking an idea of genes and biology that is not embedded in scientific rationality.

scholarly journals The Effects of Sperm and Seminal Fluid of Immunized Male Mice on In Vitro Fertilization and Surrogate Mother–Embryo Interaction

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (19) ◽  
pp. 10650
Author(s):  
Galina Vladimirovna Kontsevaya ◽  
Ludmila Alekseevna Gerlinskaya ◽  
Yury Mikhailovich Moshkin ◽  
Margarita Vladimirovna Anisimova ◽  
Aliya Konstantinovna Stanova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
In Vitro Fertilization ◽  
Seminal Fluid ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Vaccination Campaign ◽  
Keyhole Limpet Hemocyanin ◽  
Male Mice ◽  
Surrogate Mother ◽  
Surrogate Mothers ◽  
Vitro Fertilization

The latest vaccination campaign has actualized the potential impact of antigenic stimuli on reproductive functions. To address this, we mimicked vaccination’s effects by administering keyhole limpet hemocyanin (KLH ) to CD1 male mice and used their sperm for in vitro fertilization (IVF). Two-cell embryos after IVF with spermatozoa from control (C) or KLH-treated (Im) male mice were transferred to surrogate mothers mated with vasectomized control (C) or KLH-treated (Im) male mice, resulting in four experimental groups: C–C, Im–C, C–Im, and Im–Im. The pre-implantation losses were significantly lower in the Im–C group than in the C–Im group. At the same time, the resorption rates reduced markedly in the C–Im compared to the Im–C group. Embryo and placenta weights were significantly higher in the Im–Im group. Although the GM-CSF levels were lower in the amniotic fluid of the gestating surrogate mothers in the Im–Im group, they were strongly correlated with embryo mass. The number–size trade-off was only significant in the Im–Im group. This suggests a positive, cooperative effect of spermatozoa and seminal fluid from immune-primed males on embryo growth and the optimal distribution of surrogate mother maternal resources despite the negative impact of males’ antigenic challenge on the IVF success rate.

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