Ensuring Presence in Online Learning Environments

2016 ◽  
pp. 350-376
Author(s):  
Eunice Luyegu
Keyword(s):  
Online Learning ◽  
Learning Environments ◽  
Social Presence ◽  
Critical Reflection ◽  
Community Of Inquiry ◽  
Course Design ◽  
Cognitive Presence ◽  
Teaching Presence ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Online Learning Environments

Online learning in higher education has rapidly grown in recent years and has become the norm. However, pedagogical aspects on online learning environments are still developing. This chapter focuses on one foundational aspect of online and blended learning known as presence. First, the concept of presence in online learning is described i.e. teaching presence, social presence, and cognitive presence. Secondly, strategies for ensuring presence are discussed from different angles: course design, course instructors and course facilitators, and course participants. Thirdly, the implications for future research are outlined. This chapter enhances the research on the Community of Inquiry (CoI) framework a useful guide to the design of learning experiences that support learners' critical reflection and engagement within collaborative online learning environments.

scholarly journals Integrating students’ perspectives about online learning: a hierarchy of factors

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Montgomery Van Wart ◽  
Anna Ni ◽  
Pamela Medina ◽  
Jesus Canelon ◽  
Melika Kordrostami ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Online Learning ◽  
Social Presence ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Success Factors ◽  
Course Design ◽  
Instructional Support ◽  
Cognitive Presence ◽  
Teaching Presence ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Social Comfort

AbstractThis article reports on a large-scale (n = 987), exploratory factor analysis study incorporating various concepts identified in the literature as critical success factors for online learning from the students’ perspective, and then determines their hierarchical significance. Seven factors--Basic Online Modality, Instructional Support, Teaching Presence, Cognitive Presence, Online Social Comfort, Online Interactive Modality, and Social Presence--were identified as significant and reliable. Regression analysis indicates the minimal factors for enrollment in future classes—when students consider convenience and scheduling—were Basic Online Modality, Cognitive Presence, and Online Social Comfort. Students who accepted or embraced online courses on their own merits wanted a minimum of Basic Online Modality, Teaching Presence, Cognitive Presence, Online Social Comfort, and Social Presence. Students, who preferred face-to-face classes and demanded a comparable experience, valued Online Interactive Modality and Instructional Support more highly. Recommendations for online course design, policy, and future research are provided.

The Community of Inquiry Framework, Online and Blended Learning, and the i2Flex Classroom Model

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-17
Author(s):  
Karen Swan
Keyword(s):  
Learning Environments ◽  
Social Presence ◽  
Community Of Inquiry ◽  
Course Design ◽  
Online Discussions ◽  
Cognitive Presence ◽  
Teaching Presence ◽  
University Of Alberta ◽  
Community Of Inquiry Framework ◽  
The University

The community of inquiry (CoI) framework was developed by researchers at the University of Alberta who were interested in exploring the learning that took place among participants in online discussions. Garrison, Anderson, and Archer grounded their thinking in Dewey's progressive epistemology which placed inquiry within a community of learners at the center of the educational experience. The CoI model they created conceptualizes learning in online environments as supported by three interacting presences – social presence, cognitive presence, and teaching presence. This chapter will describe the CoI framework, briefly review research supporting its efficacy in online course design and implementation, and explore how the framework can be applied to blended and online learning environments in general and the i2Flex model in particular.

A Constructivist Approach to Online Learning

2009 ◽  
pp. 43-57 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karen Swan ◽  
D.R. Garrison ◽  
Jennifer C. Richardson
Keyword(s):  
Online Learning ◽  
Social Presence ◽  
Process Model ◽  
Community Of Inquiry ◽  
Cognitive Presence ◽  
Teaching Presence ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Constructivist Approach ◽  
Research Findings ◽  
Survey Measure

This chapter presents a theoretical model of online learning, the Community of Inquiry (CoI) framework, which is grounded in John Dewey’s progressive understanding of education. The CoI framework is a process model of online learning which views the online educational experience as arising from the interaction of three presences – social presence, cognitive presence, and teaching presence. Each of these three elements in the CoI framework are described and related to Dewey’s work, and research findings and issues concerning them reviewed. The development of a common CoI survey measure that promises to address some of these issues is described and discussed. The chapter concludes with emerging findings from new studies which use the CoI survey, directions for future research, and practical uses of the CoI framework.

Building Relationship Through Learning Communities and Participation in Online Learning Environments

2016 ◽  
pp. 448-471
Author(s):  
Victoria M. Cardullo ◽  
Megan Burton
Keyword(s):  
Distance Education ◽  
Online Learning ◽  
Learning Environments ◽  
Social Presence ◽  
Course Design ◽  
Lessons Learned ◽  
Cognitive Presence ◽  
Online Learning Environments ◽  
Web Based ◽  
Pedagogical Skills

With the increase demand for distance education, institutions of higher education are actively exploring opportunities to weave self, subject and students for web based distance education. The pedagogical skills necessary to create effective active learning opportunities are explored throughout this chapter as well as lessons learned from research. The authors used vignettes to position effective course design and implementation aligned with both Bloom's Taxonomy and the SAMR (Substitution, Augmentation, Modification, Redefinition) model to enhance online learning environments. Learning objectives and course goals provided direction for developing task for social presence, cognitive presence and a collaborative stance in authentic online learning.

Private Interactions in Online Discussions

2020 ◽  
pp. 351-379
Author(s):  
Lesley Wilton ◽  
Rubaina Khan ◽  
Clare Brett ◽  
Paul C. Alexander
Keyword(s):  
Online Learning ◽  
Learning Environments ◽  
Social Presence ◽  
Online Discussions ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Private Communication ◽  
Online Learning Environments ◽  
Building Trust ◽  
Discussion Threads ◽  
Education Courses

Private discussion entries (called “notes” in this chapter) provide opportunities for instructors to engage with students for social and cognitive support in discussion-based online learning environments. Situated within discussion threads, embedded private communication allows for personalized engagement with students to support learning through in-place feedback, redirection, and encouragement. Nine themes of the affordances of private notes were identified through the collection and analysis of quantitative and qualitative data gathered from four instructors and the activities of 278 students in 11 online graduate education courses. The benefits of private, in-place interactions identified by the instructors include encouraging authentic participation, building trust and social presence, redirecting conversation, providing advice about learning online, and more. A discussion of the importance of in-place private communications in online learning for providing feedback, reassurance, and guidance is supported by examples and followed by suggestions for future research.

Expanding the CoI

2013 ◽  
pp. 429-445 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sebastián Romualdo Díaz
Keyword(s):  
Online Learning ◽  
Social Presence ◽  
Online Teaching ◽  
Teaching And Learning ◽  
Community Of Inquiry ◽  
Cognitive Presence ◽  
Teaching Presence ◽  
Knowledge Communities ◽  
Online Teaching And Learning ◽  
Parallel Processes

This chapter explores how the foundational principles of the Community of Inquiry survey can be used to assess and evaluate parallel processes for Knowledge Workers, given that online teaching and learning is quite similar to “online working.” The phenomenon analogous to teaching presence in online learning is a knowledge worker’s ability to create and disseminate knowledge. Communities of Practice provide a measurable phenomenon analogous to social presence. Finally, data-driven decision-making’s use for evaluation, coupled with innovation, serves as a phenomenon parallel to cognitive presence. Together, these three measures, developed in parallel with teaching, social and cognitive presence, provide an effective framework for evaluating online work, which is quite similar to online learning.

scholarly journals The Level of Community of Inquiry (CoI) Presences in Online Classes among MSU BTESL Students

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 65-78
Author(s):  
Mohammad Ali Al-Saggaf ◽  
Amierah Syazwaniey Rosli
Keyword(s):  
Online Learning ◽  
Social Presence ◽  
Community Of Inquiry ◽  
Learning Experience ◽  
Educational Experience ◽  
Research Tool ◽  
Cognitive Presence ◽  
Teaching Presence ◽  
Online Classes ◽  
The Social

Community of Inquiry (CoI) is a framework that acknowledges the importance of the environment in shaping the educational experience. According to this framework, teaching, social, and cognitive presences are essential for an optimal online learning experience. The purpose of this study is to identify the level of each of these presences in online classes among Management and Science University (MSU) Bachelor in Education – TESL (Hons). The instrument used for the research tool was adapted from the original CoI framework survey, (Arbaugh et al, 2008). The questionnaire consists of 20 items; six items for teaching presence, another six items for social presence and eight items for the cognitive presence. 263 students who are currently doing the programme participated in the study. The findings concluded that, all three presences are present in high or strong level in online classes among MSU BTESL students with the most substantial presence in online classes among MSU BTESL students being the cognitive presence, followed by the teaching presence and lastly the social presence.

Communities of Inquiry in Online Learning

2011 ◽  
pp. 352-355 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. R. Garrison
Keyword(s):  
Online Learning ◽  
Learning Environments ◽  
Community Of Inquiry ◽  
Social Cognitive ◽  
Teaching Presence ◽  
Online Learning Environments ◽  
Community Of Inquiry Framework ◽  
Communities Of Inquiry

The focus of this chapter is on a framework that has drawn considerable interest in creating collaborative communities of inquiry in online learning environments (Garrison, Anderson & Archer, 2000). The goal is to provide an overview and update of the Community of Inquiry Framework with a particular focus on social, cognitive and teaching presence that constitute the framework. Creating and sustaining a community of inquiry requires an understanding of the progressive or developmental nature of each of the presences and how they interact. This chapter will explore what constitutes each of the presences and implications for practice.

scholarly journals DEVELOPING LEARNING COMMUNITY IN ONLINE ASYNCHRONOUS COLLEGE COURSES: THE ROLE OF TEACHING PRESENCE

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter Shea ◽  
Chun Sau Li ◽  
Karen Swan ◽  
Alexandra Pickett
Keyword(s):  
Higher Education ◽  
Online Learning ◽  
Learning Community ◽  
Learning Environments ◽  
Course Design ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Teaching Presence ◽  
College Level ◽  
Online Learning Community ◽  
Online Learning Environments

This paper builds on the model we have developed for creating quality online learning environments for higher education. In that model we argue that college-level online learning needs to reflect what we know about learning in general, what we understand about learning in higher-education contexts, and our emerging knowledge of learning in largely asynchronous online environments. Components of the model include a focus on learner roles, knowledge building, assessment, community, and various forms of “presence.” In this paper we focus on two components—teaching presence and community—and review the rationale and benefits for an emphasis on community in online learning environments. We argue that learning is social in nature and that online learning environments can be designed to reflect and leverage the social nature of learning. We suggest that previous research points to the critical role that community can play in building and sustaining productive learning and that teaching presence, defined as the core roles of the online instructor, is among the most promising mechanism for developing online learning community. We present a multi-institutional study of 2,036 students across thirty-two different colleges that supports this claim and provides insight into the relationship between online learning community and teaching presence. Factor and regression analysis indicate a significant link between students’ sense oflearning community and their recognition of effective instructional design and directed facilitation on the part of their course instructors—and that student gender plays a small role in sense of learning community. We conclude with recommendations for online course design, pedagogy, and future research.

scholarly journals COVID-19 Crisis: Exploring Community of Inquiry in Online Learning for Sub-Degree Students

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yui-yip Lau ◽  
Yuk Ming Tang ◽  
Ka Yin Chau ◽  
Lina Vyas ◽  
Andres Sandoval-Hernandez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Online Learning ◽  
Online Education ◽  
Learning Community ◽  
Social Presence ◽  
Community Of Inquiry ◽  
Learning Experience ◽  
Cognitive Presence ◽  
Teaching Presence ◽  
Academic Disciplines ◽  
Significant Difference

The COVID-19 pandemic has brought a tremendous impact on the pedagogy and learning experience of students in sub-degree education sector of Hong Kong. Online learning has become the “sole” solution to deal with student learning challenges during this chaotic period. In this study, we explore online learning for sub-degree students by using a community of inquiry (CoI). As such, confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) was conducted on survey data gathered from 287 sub-degree students from the business and engineering disciplines. Results indicated that the network speed for online education determines the perceived cognitive presence, social presence, and teaching presence of students, whereas gender and academic disciplines of students are not moderating factors that create a significant difference in perceived cognitive presence, social presence, and teaching presence of students. Our study findings for creating and sustaining a purposeful online learning community are highlighted.

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