Plausible Solutions to School Violence and Disturbance in America

2016 ◽  
pp. 185-209
Author(s):  
Peter A. Barone
Keyword(s):  
School Violence ◽  
Social Learning Theory ◽  
Rational Choice Theory ◽  
Choice Theory ◽  
School Shootings ◽  
Warning Signs ◽  
School Officials ◽  
Learned Behavior ◽  
Being Bullied ◽  
Definition Of

This chapter discussed the overall reduction of crime and rise of violence in schools across America to include activities from bullying to school shootings. There was a definition of school violence provided along with the most common reasons why bulling occurs. The importance of warning signs was addressed and the significance of having key individuals such as teachers, coaches, counselors, SRO's, parents and family members trained in recognizing these signs so that some type of orchestrated intervention can be applied to the situation and the children being bullied and those performing the bullying can be addressed. The fact of why many children do not report being bullied or ask for help and how it is connected to the issues of power was provided and information regarding teachers who would rather ignore bullying in their classrooms than to address it and be in a confrontational situation was examined. The four prominent theories which relate directly to learned behavior and violence, such as social learning theory, differential association, rational choice theory and Violentization were discussed due to them being the foundation for recognizing, understanding and effectively dealing with bullying and school violence for school officials, parents and SRO's.

Voter Rationality and Party Competition: A Comment on Laver's Suggested Approach

1978 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 511-511 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ian Budge
Keyword(s):  
Rational Choice ◽  
Rational Choice Theory ◽  
Choice Theory ◽  
Party Identification ◽  
Rapid Change ◽  
Party Competition ◽  
New Parties ◽  
Suggested Approach ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Voting Choice

Laver is undoubtedly right in suggesting (a) that ideas of rationality are more of a hindrance than a help in explaining electors' behaviour, but (b) that a rational-choice theory of party competition can still be superimposed on an a-rational explanation of voting choice. Since he develops this position through a critique of Robertson's ‘wide’ definition of voter rationality, it is only fair to point out that Robertson's ascription of modified office-seeking to politicians forms the best developed rational – choice theory of party competition. The hypothesis that politicians seek votes by widening their issue-appeals when they think the election is competitive, but stress partisan appeals otherwise, has been validated for British and United States' elections from 1920 to 1974 – a more general and more rigorous check than has been applied to any competing hypothesis. Moreover it has already been incorporated with an a-rational account of voting behaviour in the form Laver advocates. The key elements of this synthesis are:(1) The location of electors and parties in a party-defined space, i.e. a space where individuals and groups are located in terms of their closeness to the election alternatives (party choices and non-voting). This is analogous to, but quite definitely not, the space produced by party identification, to which there are too many measurement objections.(2) The division of influences upon voting into predispositions (loyalties, social group traditions, etc.) and cues (current issues, candidates, etc.). Predispositions are associated with electoral stability, i.e. limited and slow movement in the party-defined space. Cues have the potential to produce rapid change and widespread movement of electors, often associated with the appearance of new parties.(3) Modified office-seeking by politicians. In elections which they expect to be competitive there is thus a premium on the introduction of new cues, while in other elections old partisan appeals will be made to existing predispositions.

scholarly journals Pocket-Picking to Armed Robbery to Prison: The Life and Criminological Analysis of Good Boy, Bad Boy and Wiser Man, Sal Ali

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
J Forbes Farmer ◽  
Sal Ali ◽  
Jean Dawson
Keyword(s):  
Social Learning Theory ◽  
Rational Choice Theory ◽  
Choice Theory ◽  
Life Story ◽  
Criminal History ◽  
Juvenile Detention ◽  
Self Control ◽  
Armed Robbery ◽  
Criminological Analysis

This case study examines the self-reported life story of a prisoner who has spent much of his life in juvenile detention and adult prison. His criminal history began with pocket-picking, then breaking and entry, and then advanced to armed robbery. Social learning theory, self-control theory and rational choice theory are discussed and the inmate’s reflections on them are offered in his words with illustrations from his experience.

scholarly journals The Image of Modern Filipino Pirates: Dimensions And Implications of Media Piracy

2014 ◽  
Vol 1 ◽  
pp. 1-5
Author(s):  
Zoe Andrea Rilloraza ◽  
Juan Carlos Abad ◽  
Khyle Angeline Cabilan ◽  
Lorry John Cervantes ◽  
Ruflyle Fontanilla ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High School ◽  
Social Learning Theory ◽  
Rational Choice Theory ◽  
Choice Theory ◽  
Self Control ◽  
Special Science ◽  
The Internet ◽  
The World ◽  
Science High School ◽  
Day By Day

Media piracy is slowly increasing its popularity, on the Internet, in the market, schools and the community. Day by day, millions of information is either being downloaded or uploaded to or from the Internet and making media piracy a lot more popular than it is already. Enjoying the comfort of their beds and by just clicking, pirates have already earned thousands in just a minute, which attracts people to join the pack. There is no doubt that media piracy could take over the world because in just over three decades it became a global matter. It became a monster of society. This study is all about The Image of Modern Filipino Pirates: Dimensions and Implications on Media Piracy. This study was conducted in Lorma Colleges Special Science High School and its respondents were 3rd year and 4th-year students and the Faculty of LCSSHS. This study focused on the following theories such as Rational Choice Theory, Social Learning Theory and Self-Control Theory.

The limits to bridging social capital: Power, social context and the theory of Robert Putnam

2018 ◽  
Vol 66 (6) ◽  
pp. 1309-1324 ◽  
Author(s):  
Derik Gelderblom
Keyword(s):  
Social Capital ◽  
Social Networks ◽  
Collective Action ◽  
Rational Choice Theory ◽  
Choice Theory ◽  
Robert Putnam ◽  
Bridging Social Capital ◽  
Cooperation And Competition ◽  
Collective Action Problems ◽  
Definition Of

Although there is general agreement on the definition of social capital as the benefits to be derived from social connections, the type of advantages (more effective transacting across all fields versus contacts for personal advantage) and the beneficiaries (community versus individual) identified by social capital scholars differ. This variety can be addressed with a distinction between the so-called schools of cooperation and competition. This article focuses on the former, particularly the work of Robert Putnam. The author uses Nicos Mouzelis’s critique of rational choice theory, and his distinction between micro and macro actors, as a diagnostic tool to highlight the shortcomings of Putnam’s work and the cooperation school more generally. The author argues that Putnam’s notion of bridging social capital as a solution to problems of intolerance and more general social ills is overblown, given that both diverse social networks and increasing tolerance are the result of deeper social processes not analysed by Putnam. In support of this, the article lists a number of ways in which macro actors influence the ability of social networks to form, and once formed, constrain and enable their agency in either a cooperative or competitive direction. It also criticises the tendency of cooperation theorists to generalise the solution of the collective action problem on the micro level to the macro level. Finally, the article emphasises the importance of analysing the interaction between different collective action problems, as well as the connection between cooperation and competition.

Definition and Measurement of Tactical Voting: The Role of Rational Choice

2004 ◽  
Vol 34 (1) ◽  
pp. 152-166 ◽  
Author(s):  
STEPHEN D. FISHER
Keyword(s):  
Rational Choice ◽  
Rational Choice Theory ◽  
Choice Theory ◽  
A Priori ◽  
Election Study ◽  
Theoretical Concepts ◽  
First Choice ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Methodological Considerations

There has been substantial debate on the measurement of tactical voting in this Journal, much of which has actually been concerned with the definition of a tactical vote. For this reason it is necessary to go ‘back to basics’ to examine the notion of a tactical vote within rational choice theory and follow its implications for the measurement of tactical voting. This Note has four aims: to elucidate the formal theoretical concepts behind the notion of tactical voting; to provide a practical definition of tactical voting based on those concepts; to examine and use the implications of the theory and definition to evaluate existing measures of tactical voting; and to further appraise measures of tactical voting from general methodological considerations. This Note focuses on tactical voting in single-member simple-plurality electoral systems. The following section argues that the range of situations where it may be optimal to vote tactically is both broader and less well defined than previous authors have generally realized. This implies that both the definition, and therefore the measurement, of tactical voting rest mainly on the criteria of voting for a party other than the first choice and doing so in order to best influence who wins. The empirical section examines various approaches to the measurement of tactical voting and argues that the Heath et al. measure is a priori the most attractive available. Furthermore, detailed analysis using British Election Study (BES) data from English voters in 1987, 1992 and 1997, shows that whilst the Heath et al. measure is relatively robust, it can be usefully revised to improve consistency with the strength-of-feeling scores. A corresponding method for identifying a voter's preferred party is also presented.

The Interrelationships of Politicization of School Shootings, Focal Concerns, and Racial Disproportionality in School Discipline Policies

2016 ◽  
pp. 783-804
Author(s):  
Denise D. Nation ◽  
Dawn X. Henderson ◽  
Jack S. Monell
Keyword(s):  
School Violence ◽  
Minority Students ◽  
School Discipline ◽  
School Shootings ◽  
Theoretical Argument ◽  
Racial Disproportionality ◽  
Focal Concerns ◽  
Latent Effects ◽  
Focal Concerns Perspective ◽  
Definition Of

School shootings have redefined perceptions and definitions of school violence, elevating incidences of misbehaviors and rule infractions to consistent violent threats. School shootings are rare but that important fact is lost in the debate and political rhetoric. What is also atypical are school shootings involving minority students and even more uncommon school shootings at minority schools. However, minority students have disproportionately experienced the latent effects of these policies. Few studies have offered systematic theoretical explanations for racial disciplinary disproportionality. This chapter outlines a theoretical argument using the “focal concerns” perspective to link the latent impact of the politicization of school shootings to continued racial disproportionality in school discipline. The discussion and analysis show the role of the politicization of school shootings has played in redefining and expanding the definition of school violence or school misbehaviors. Policy suggestions based in socio-political and psychological frameworks are also outlined.

The Interrelationships of Politicization of School Shootings, Focal Concerns, and Racial Disproportionality in School Discipline Policies

2016 ◽  
pp. 39-61
Author(s):  
Denise D. Nation ◽  
Dawn X. Henderson ◽  
Jack S. Monell
Keyword(s):  
School Violence ◽  
Minority Students ◽  
School Discipline ◽  
School Shootings ◽  
Theoretical Argument ◽  
Racial Disproportionality ◽  
Focal Concerns ◽  
Latent Effects ◽  
Focal Concerns Perspective ◽  
Definition Of

School shootings have redefined perceptions and definitions of school violence, elevating incidences of misbehaviors and rule infractions to consistent violent threats. School shootings are rare but that important fact is lost in the debate and political rhetoric. What is also atypical are school shootings involving minority students and even more uncommon school shootings at minority schools. However, minority students have disproportionately experienced the latent effects of these policies. Few studies have offered systematic theoretical explanations for racial disciplinary disproportionality. This chapter outlines a theoretical argument using the “focal concerns” perspective to link the latent impact of the politicization of school shootings to continued racial disproportionality in school discipline. The discussion and analysis show the role of the politicization of school shootings has played in redefining and expanding the definition of school violence or school misbehaviors. Policy suggestions based in socio-political and psychological frameworks are also outlined.

Leaking and death-threats by students: A study in German schools

2014 ◽  
Vol 35 (6) ◽  
pp. 592-608 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rebecca Bondü ◽  
Herbert Scheithauer
Keyword(s):  
School Shootings ◽  
Warning Signs ◽  
School Staff ◽  
Warning Sign ◽  
Prevention Measures ◽  
Violent Offense ◽  
Information Session ◽  
Need For Support ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
And Training

Leaking comprises observable behavior or statements that signal intentions of committing a violent offense and is considered an important warning sign for school shootings. School staff who are confronted with leaking have to assess its seriousness and react appropriately – a difficult task, because knowledge about leaking is sparse. The present study, therefore, examined how frequently leaking occurs in schools and how teachers identify leaking and respond to it. To achieve this aim, we informed teachers from eight schools in Germany about the definition of leaking and other warning signs and risk factors for school shootings in a one-hour information session. Teachers were then asked to report cases of leaking over a six- to nine-month period and to answer a questionnaire on leaking and its treatment after the information session and six to nine months later. Our results suggest that leaking is a relevant problem in German schools. Teachers mostly rated the information session positively and benefited in several aspects (e.g. reported more perceived courses of action or improved knowledge about leaking), but also expressed a constant need for support. Our findings highlight teachers’ needs for further support and training and may be used in the planning of prevention measures for school shootings.

Rational Choice Theory and the 1990 Party Merger in South Korea

OUGHTOPIA ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 35 (2) ◽  
pp. 247-282
Author(s):  
In-Kyun Kim ◽  
Myeong-Geon Koh
Keyword(s):  
South Korea ◽  
Rational Choice ◽  
Rational Choice Theory ◽  
Choice Theory
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