Demonstrative protest crime: the limits of criminological analysis

Classical and network protest always assumes mass character. In this regard, the study of protest movements should assume: a) The analysis of many protest actions; b) the analysis of each individual protest action as a manifestation of the phenomenon of collective behavior. At the same time, the first level is important in the context of ensuring the representativeness of the second type of research. «Collective action» and «action of a team member» are fundamentally important. The regulatory system always deals with the assessment of the behavior of a particular person. In this regard, criminology and criminal law should not focus on the protest actions themselves, but on the behavior of individuals within the framework of these actions. In the theoretical analysis of the behavior of these individual participants of mass actions, it is necessary to distinguish: a) actions performed during a mass action, and actions that ensure the protest action itself, which can be performed both before and after it; b) actions of organizers, inspirers, leaders of protest actions, and actions of ordinary participants of the protest action; c) actions related to the organization and participation in mass actions coordinated by the official authorities, and in those not coordinated by the official authorities; d) lawful actions and illegal actions, and among the latter - criminally illegal and administratively illegal; e) intellectual, informational actions, and physical actions. To describe these actions, the article suggests using the term «demonstrative protest crimes». They are: a) associated with a well-defined sphere of public relations that arise in the process of interaction between a person, society and the authorities; b) they are imbued with the unity of motivational factors and the characteristics of the personality of the participants; c) they have a common determinative complex and a common mechanism for their commission; d) they have a distinct separation by the place and time of their commission; e) they assume a specific type and mechanism for the implementation of preventive measures. These signs allow us to consider demonstrative protest crimes as a separate, independent type of crime.

Criminological analysis of determinants of criminal behavior

This article analyzes the process of determination of criminal conduct. The authors argue that the reasons for criminal conduct are individual and can vary significantly on a case-by-case basis. Its dependence on both biological and social factors is stated. The combination of pathological heredity, social environment, political and economic factors can cause criminal behavior. At the same time, the psychological aspects of illegal acts are taken into account within almost all criminological theories to a greater or lesser extent. Criminal behavior is always demonstrated only by an individual and, above all, it is a manifestation of psychological deformities, expressed in the phenomenon of criminogenic contamination. Therefore, understanding its essence will better determine the nature of the warning influence. As a result, it is possible to answer several questions about the determination and nature of criminal behavior, the reasons for the commission of criminal offenses, the peculiarities of the functioning of the mental sphere, psychological problems, complexes, etc. This information helps to optimize methods of crime prevention, provide for further actions of serial criminals, help in the identification of offenders and the investigation of criminal cases.

Use of selected types of crime analysis in modern criminological science

The article considers methods of analysis of criminological significant information, which are used in modern criminological science. Based on the analytical study, it was concluded that at the current stage of the development of criminological science, regression (as a type of mathematical method), factor (causal), and monitoring criminological analysis are most often used. These methods of criminological analysis were analyzed, their advantages and disadvantages were determined, their recommendations for their application in criminological science were given. It was established that the use of regression analysis is not found in many criminological studies, but today this direction has been updated due to the increase in crime rates both in Ukraine and in the world. However, in criminology, this direction is now one of the promising in the formation of crime prevention measures. It has been proved that most often this type of criminological analysis is used as monitoring. It is quite often used in criminological research by analyzing statistical reporting, which is publicly available to law enforcement agencies (in particular, on the official website of the Office of the Prosecutor General). In this regard, science identifies types of monitoring analysis, which is most often used in our country.

Criminological analysis of criminal offenses against the environment

The article subjected to criminological analysis of criminal offenses against the environment. The study of statistical information of the Prosecutor General's Office of Ukraine, contained in the Uniform reports on criminal offenses for 2013-2020 (Form 1: approved by Order of the State Prosecutor's Office of Ukraine dated 23.10.2012 in coordination with the State Statistics Committee of Ukraine) and other sources of empirical information shows a tendency of growing level of criminal offenses against the environment on the background of general decrease of crime level in Ukraine. The structural elements and dynamics of criminal offenses against the environment are provided. The criminal offenses against the environment are noted as a serious problem in modern society. Basing on the considered material the authors conclude that criminal offences against the environment have a tendency of steady increasing, and the necessity of this phenomenon to be resolutely struggled. The authors emphasize the problem of the latency of crimes in studying area.

“Progressive” Criminalization? A Sociological and Criminological Analysis Based on the German “No Means No” Provision

The “no means no” model has been applied in Germany since November 10, 2016. Its introduction has considerably extended the scope of criminalized forms of sexual interaction. This Article examines the criminal policy discourse that gave rise to it and the question of whether the new provisions have led to the changes in the practices of criminal prosecution proclaimed in advance. The results will be critically assessed. The new legislation relating to sexual offenses was also shaped on the initiative of groups perceiving themselves as emancipatory, and in the understanding of these groups, the “no means no” provision acts as “progressive” criminalization. Yet, aside from the fact that the associated expectations have hardly been met as of yet, this movement would have to resolve an essential question: Is penal law compatible with a “progressive” social policy they claim to stand for at all, and if so, what conditions does it have to meet?

Importance of Social and Criminological Analysis of the Domestic Sphere of Society Life in Preventing Family Crime

Article provides a socio-criminological analysis of the sphere of everyday life, gives definitions of this concept by specialists in various fields of knowledge. The influence of the family on the commission of domestic crimes is considered. It is noted that in Russia there is a long overdue need for the adoption at the state level of the Law on the Prevention of Domestic Violence.

Biometric statehood, transnational solutionism and security devices: The performative dimensions of the IOM’s MIDAS

This article contributes to border criminology and transnational criminal justice research into the role of transnational actors in shaping practices of global justice, punishment and control, as well as to the criminological analysis of penal technologies. I examine the performative effects of the Migration Information and Data Analysis System (MIDAS) developed by the International Organization for Migration (IOM), and I argue that these effects are multidimensional. For beneficiary states, the deployment of MIDAS constitutes a performance of sovereign territorial power, affirming membership in the international society of (biometrically capable) states. For the IOM, the development and deployment of MIDAS and carrying out training sessions operate as pedagogical interventions legitimizing the organization as a neutral, technical expert of migration management. Finally, MIDAS itself performatively acts upon its targets, constituting ‘the migrant’ as a governable, potentially risky subject and constituting ‘migration’ as a problem amenable to depoliticized techno-solutionist interventions.

State, structure and dynamics of crime in the sphere of housing and communal services

Crimes in the housing and communal sphere cause considerable economic damage to the individual, society and the state. This problem is constantly addressed at all levels of government. The purpose of the study is to examine statistical indicators and to identify trends and patterns of crime in the field of housing and communal services. The article provides a criminological analysis of crime in the field of housing and communal services, its concept, structure, state and dynamics are considered, on the basis of general and special methods of scientific knowledge. The scientific study is based on statistical and analytical data of the Prosecutor’s Office Russia. It is based on the number and structure of registered crimes in the field of housing and communal services in the period from 2014 to 2020. The structure and dynamics of corruption and economic crime in the sphere of housing and communal services are presented. The author concludes that (44–52 %) of all crimes committed in the sphere of housing and communal services are corruptive. The author in a certain period observed an increase in crimes in the sphere of housing and communal services. In her opinion, this is due to changes in regulatory framework in the housing and utilities sector and an increased attention paid to the problems inherent to this sector by all the agents involved: state bodies, the country’s leadership and society. As a result of the analysis, the author concludes about the unstable dynamics, characterized by jumps of both positive and negative nature, increased latency and a high crime rates in the housing and communal services sector.

Legal and criminological analysis of the implementation of the «digital biography» of the student

В настоящей статье рассматривается инициатива Министерства просвещения Российской Федерации о введении «цифровой биографии студента». Дается правовой и криминологический анализ данной инициативы, анализируются последствия введения цифровой технологии. Специальное внимание уделяется прогнозу о росте детской преступности и возможности использования цифровых технологий в области образования криминальными элементами. Утверждается, что эти проблемы затрагивают вопросы информационной безопасности страны. This article examines the initiative of the Ministry of Education of the Russian Federation to introduce a “digital student biography”. A legal and criminological analysis of this initiative is given, the consequences of the introduction of digital technology are analyzed. Special attention is paid to the forecast of the growth of child crime and the possibility of using digital technologies in the field of education by criminals. These issues are said to affect the country's information security.