Islamic Modernism in the Works of Jamaluddin Al-Afghani and Syed Ahmed Khan

2016 ◽  
pp. 68-85
Author(s):  
Priyanka Chandra
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Educational Reform ◽  
Religion And Politics ◽  
Political Islam ◽  
Late Nineteenth Century ◽  
Nationalist Movements ◽  
Late Nineteenth ◽  
Islamic Modernism

Linkages between religion and politics have engaged the interest of scholars for centuries. Two thinkers, whose works are central to these inter-linkages are Jamaluddin al-Afghani and Syed Ahmed Khan. Both were Islamic modernists in the late nineteenth century who sought to reform religion by engaging with modernity. They have also contributed significantly to shaping the nationalist movements in West Asia and India respectively. This chapter will examine their ideas on important issues like religious and educational reform, nationalism and Pan-Islamism, differences and contrasts in their ideologies and their contributions to Islamic modernism. Through this examination this chapter will highlight the relevance of their contributions to the study of contemporary political Islam.

Islamic Modernism in the Works of Jamaluddin Al-Afghani and Syed Ahmed Khan

2021 ◽  
pp. 469-481
Author(s):  
Priyanka Chandra
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Educational Reform ◽  
Religion And Politics ◽  
Political Islam ◽  
Late Nineteenth Century ◽  
Nationalist Movements ◽  
Late Nineteenth ◽  
Islamic Modernism

Linkages between religion and politics have engaged the interest of scholars for centuries. Two thinkers, whose works are central to these inter-linkages are Jamaluddin al-Afghani and Syed Ahmed Khan. Both were Islamic modernists in the late nineteenth century who sought to reform religion by engaging with modernity. They have also contributed significantly to shaping the nationalist movements in West Asia and India respectively. This chapter will examine their ideas on important issues like religious and educational reform, nationalism and Pan-Islamism, differences and contrasts in their ideologies and their contributions to Islamic modernism. Through this examination this chapter will highlight the relevance of their contributions to the study of contemporary political Islam.

The Challenges of Modernity: The Case of Political Islam

2007 ◽  
Vol 6 (1-3) ◽  
pp. 215-228 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mehdi Parvizi Amineh
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Industrial Revolution ◽  
Political Islam ◽  
Late Nineteenth Century ◽  
Clash Of Civilizations ◽  
Political Ideologies ◽  
First Case ◽  
Late Nineteenth ◽  
Traditional Cultures ◽  
Fault Lines

AbstractSince the Industrial Revolution in the late eighteenth century in England, all traditional cultures at one point in history have been challenged by modernity. This happened first in Europe and later in the rest of the world as a result of the late nineteenth century expansion of European capitalism and civilization. When confronted with modernity, individual traditional cultures conflict with the increasing plurality of lifestyles and values. There are two ways to solve this conflict: either remain in the past or innovate. In the first case, tradition prevails. In the second case, the challenges of modernity are embraced by adapting to the new circumstances. This will eventually lead to the renewal of one's own culture. Since the late nineteenth century, the challenges of modernity have resulted in a variety of often contradictory Islamic political ideologies and practices. In contrast to the cultural-essentialist and a-historical assumptions of some scholars, such as Samuel Huntington, who see the phenomenon of political Islam as a characteristic of an inevitable "clash of civilizations"—according to which conflicts and threats to world peace and security in the twenty-first century will be carried out along "civilizational fault lines"—this article argues that the actual fault-lines are socio-economic, not geo-cultural, and that conflicts in today's world do not take place between cultures but within them. Those societies that are more successful in adapting to the challenges of modernity show a relatively stronger capacity to cope with the growing complexity of political and cultural pluralism.

Main Trends of Islamic Theological Thought from the Late Nineteenth Century to Present Times

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rotraud Wielandt
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Central Asia ◽  
Arab Countries ◽  
Late Nineteenth Century ◽  
Islamic Theology ◽  
Early Twentieth Century ◽  
Late Nineteenth ◽  
Theological Thought ◽  
Islamic Modernism

This chapter examines the main trends of Islamic theological thought from the late nineteenth century to the present times, tracing developments in various Arab countries, in Turkey, Iran and India, Central Asia and Indonesia. It begins by tackling the question of the relation between indigenous roots and modern Western stimuli, tradition and innovation in Islamic theology during this period. Subsequently the author discussed the innovative trends. An overview of the theological ideas of the pioneers of Islamic modernism, the Indian Sayyid Ahmad Khan and the Egyptian Muḥammad ʿAbduh, is given, followed by an analysis of the views of modernist theological thinkers of the early twentieth century. Next the theology of the Indian philosopher and poet Muhammad Iqbal, an eminent example of theological modernism between the two world wars, is addressed. Another section deals with new hermeneutical and epistemological approaches to the Qurʾānic revelation. Finally the development of the interest in a new kind of philosophy-basedkalāmis delineated from their beginnings with Sayyid Ahmad Khan up to their present-day Iranian, Turkish and Arab protagonists.

Synthetic technocracy: Dutch scientific intellectuals in science, society and culture, 1880–1950

2010 ◽  
Vol 44 (1) ◽  
pp. 89-113 ◽  
Author(s):  
DAVID BANEKE
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Educational Reform ◽  
Western Society ◽  
Late Nineteenth Century ◽  
Dutch Society ◽  
Political Fragmentation ◽  
Science Society ◽  
Alternative Approach ◽  
Late Nineteenth

AbstractIn the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries, changing social and cultural climates challenged the position of scientists in Western society. Ringer and Harwood have described how scientists reacted by adopting either pragmatist or ‘comprehensive’ styles of thought. In this article, I will show how a group of Dutch intellectuals, including many scientists, came up with an alternative approach to the dilemmas of modernity, and eventually became influential in shaping Dutch society. They combined elements of both styles into what I call a ‘synthetic technocrat’ ideology, a reaction against intellectual and political fragmentation. These ideas were often combined with pleas for educational reform, culminating in a plea for gebildete Tatkraft. I will analyse the development of the synthetic technocrat movement from the late nineteenth century into the 1940s. During this period, the movement became increasingly political in nature, but in a radically different way to comparable movements in other countries, especially Germany.

Anti-Latin race-based nationalism in early twentieth-century France: An examination of Robert Pelletier’s pan-Celtic and Slavophile journals

2020 ◽  
Vol 50 (2) ◽  
pp. 143-161
Author(s):  
Amotz Giladi
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Late Nineteenth Century ◽  
Nationalist Movements ◽  
Balkan Wars ◽  
Early Twentieth Century ◽  
Late Nineteenth

In the late nineteenth century, several pan-nationalist movements – pan-Germanism, pan-Slavism, pan-Latinism, pan-Celticism – arose in Europe. In France, pan-Latinism and pan-Celticism promoted competing visions of the country’s culture, respectively emphasizing its Latin and Celtic legacies. Two journals published in the 1910s, L’Étendard celtique and Revue des nations were founded by the writer Robert Pelletier to advance pan-Celticism. Their purpose was twofold: to advocate a return to France’s Celtic traditions and to promote the idea of a ‘racial’ link between Celts and Slavs. Calling for a ‘Celtic–Slavic’ alliance, these Slavophile journals expressed solidarity with oppressed Slavic peoples, especially in the context of the Balkan Wars. Pelletier’s promotion of pan-Celticism and pan-Slavism as two affiliated currents stemmed from both his rejection of pan-Latinism and his hope that connecting with the powerful pan-Slavic movement could facilitate French pan-Celticism’s emergence on the European stage.

Contents of Western Sociology of Religion as a Science and Educational Discipline

2002 ◽  
pp. 106-110
Author(s):  
Liudmyla O. Fylypovych
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
International Society ◽  
Sociology Of Religion ◽  
Scientific Study ◽  
Late Nineteenth Century ◽  
The West ◽  
Late Nineteenth

Sociology of religion in the West is a field of knowledge with at least 100 years of history. As a science and as a discipline, the sociology of religion has been developing in most Western universities since the late nineteenth century, having established traditions, forming well-known schools, areas related to the names of famous scholars. The total number of researchers of religion abroad has never been counted, but there are more than a thousand different centers, universities, colleges where religion is taught and studied. If we assume that each of them has an average of 10 religious scholars, theologians, then the army of scholars of religion is amazing. Most of them are united in representative associations of researchers of religion, which have a clear sociological color. Among them are the most famous International Society for the Sociology of Religion (ISSR) and the Society for Scientific Study of Religion (SSSR).

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