Judicial Approaches to the Criminalisation of Marital Rape

In India, as in different traditional cultures, women have been and still are treated in a number of inhumane ways. They are controlled, prone to assault and abuse and risk rape not only outside but within their own homes. Moreover, marital rape is not considered a crime in India. The article attempts to analyse Indian rape laws and to show that exemption for marital rape does not align with the fundamental principles of justice and equality, which is the basic feature of the Indian Constitution. The article argues that the exemption clause should be repealed, and marital rape be criminalised. The article further discusses the approach of the Indian judiciary towards the issue of criminalisation of marital rape.

Exploring Ethiopian Instrumental Music and Musicians

In many Ethiopian traditional cultures, vocal music dominates the musical repertoire. It is only in a handful of traditional contexts, where solely instrumental music becomes part of the repertoire. Contrary to this, however, the modern music domain in Ethiopia offers a wide range of instrumental music. The root of instrumental music in Ethiopia is, most probably, connected with the emergence of independent/private bands in the early 1960s. These modern bands with highly trained Ethiopian musicians, among others, offered ‘light-music’ in hotels and restaurants. In the initial periods, their repertoire mainly entailed re-arranged international melodies. The advancement of the modern music paved a way to increasing musical creativity over the decades to follow. My presentation will attempt to look at instrumentals performed with western music instruments, of which the large part derives from already existing traditional and modern songs. Representative musical pieces will be given special focus in terms of their instrumentation, rearrangement, melodic and metro-rhythmic structures, form and style along with their function, meaning and understanding.

Redesign Woodeco Stool

The concept applied to the design of stool furniture this time carries the theme that will be used, namely Scandinavian. A product that will be designed through trend analysis, through the uniqueness of the design owned. The uniqueness is presented through a combination of foreign and traditional cultures, being a style inspiration for designers and becoming the first choice product for the community in its needs. Qualitative methods with an event approach that is carried out make a direct source for designers to conduct a renewable data research so as to gain knowledge about the style and concept of a broader design to be applied to a design design this time. Market segmentation or User is intended is an urban society that has a standardization of modern living, as well as the characteristics of users who have uniqueness in a work such as creative workers oriented in the field of art or creative. This product is intended for families who have a modern lifestyle, with the implementation of modern product styles making this design has a concept of styling organic design that is combined with the application of batak toba motifs as the preservation of cultural products to preserve cultural knowledge to make their own scandinavian-style products

1018. Bacterial Bioburden Characterization of Infected Diabetic Foot Ulcers in Hospitalized Patients in Association with Clinical Outcomes: Traditional Cultures vs. Molecular Sequencing Methods

Background Infected diabetic foot ulcers (IDFU) are a major complication of diabetes mellitus. These potentially limb-threatening ulcers are challenging to treat due to the impairment of wound healing in diabetic patients and the complex microbial environment characterizing these ulcers. Our aim was to analyze the microbiome of IDFU in association with clinical outcomes. Methods Wound biopsies from IDFU were obtained from hospitalized patients and were analyzed using traditional microbiology cultures, 16S rRNA sequencing and shotgun metagenomic sequencing. Patients’ characteristics, culture-based results and sequencing data were analyzed in association with clinical outcomes. Study Design Results 31 patients were enrolled. Significantly more anaerobic and Gram-negative bacteria were detected with sequencing methods compared to conventional cultures (59% and 76% were anaerobes according to 16SrRNA and metagenomic respectively vs. 26% in cultures, p=0.001, and 79%, 59% and 54% were Gram negative bacteria respectively, p< 0.001). Culture-based results showed that Staphylococcus aureus was more prevalent among patients who were conservatively treated (p=0.048). In metagenomic analysis the Bacteroides genus was more prevalent among patients who underwent toe amputation (p< 0.001). Analysis of metagenomic-based functional data showed that antibiotic resistance genes and genes related to biofilm production and to bacterial virulent factors were more prevalent in IDFU that resulted in toe amputation (p< 0.001). Occurrences and mean relative abundances of the most prevalent bacteria of IDFU Comparison between [A] traditional cultures, 16S rRNA sequencing and metagenomic sequencing results (genera level - 12 samples) [B] traditional cultures and metagenomic sequencing results (species level – 30 samples) [C] traditional cultures and 16S rRNA sequencing results (genera level - 30 samples) CUL – cultures; 16S - 16S rRNA sequencing; MTG – metagenomic sequencing Bacteroides genus association with toe amputation Bacteroides genera was more common among samples of patients who underwent toe amputation compared with samples of patients who were conservatively treated (p < 0.001). Species level analysis showed that Bacteroides fragilis and Bacteroides xylanisolvens predominated IDFU of patients who underwent toe amputation (p=0.04, p=0.002 respectively). No – conservative treatment; Yes – toe amputation. Functional genes differentiating patients who underwent toe amputation from conservatively treated Yellow stars – indicate genes that were associated with bacterial virulent factors, biofilm formation and resistant mechanisms – all were more prevalent in patients who underwent toe amputation (with p values<> Conclusion Molecular sequencing tools uncover the complex biodiversity of IDFU and emphasize the high prevalence of anaerobes and Gram-negative bacteria in these ulcers. Furthermore, sequencing results highlighted the possible association between certain genera, species, and bacterial functional genes to clinical outcomes Disclosures Yossi Paitan, PhD, Ilex Medical Ltd (Employee, Other Financial or Material Support, As of 01.01.2021 I am the Laboratories Manager of Ilex Labs)

Genetic Diversity Evaluation and Conservation of Kam Fragrant Glutinous Rice (Oryza sativa L.) Germplasm in Southeast Guizhou, China

The genetic diversity of rice germplasm is the basis for increases in rice yield and quality. The collection, assessment, and protection of the genetic diversity of rice germplasm is important for achieving sustainable agriculture and assuring food security. Many underdeveloped indigenous areas have abundant and valuable rice germplasm resources. However, in-depth assessments of the genetic diversity of rice germplasm from these areas and studies related to protecting these traditional cultures are not available. In this study, from 2005 to 2016, the authors have conducted in-depth evaluation of the genetic diversity of Kam fragrant glutinous rice germplasm resources in southeast Guizhou by using multidisciplinary comprehensive methods such as ethnobotany, cultural anthropology, and modern molecular markers. In total, 376 Kam fragrant glutinous rice samples from 42 villages in the Dong community in southeast Guizhou were collected. Agronomic traits of panicles were complex and exhibited diversity. Some varieties had good disease resistance and adaptation to cold and wet climates. The Dong people named the Kam fragrant glutinous rice varieties by using seven elements, including diverse traits, growth environment, and origin. Traditional folk classification, in addition to morphology and biological analysis using molecular markers, indicates that Kam fragrant glutinous rice includes 91 varieties. Kam fragrant glutinous rice comprises a very high number of varieties, most of which are japonica-type and exhibit a high level of genetic diversity. The traditional folk classification of Kam fragrant glutinous rice by the Dong community is consistent with the biological classification. The traditional naming of Kam fragrant glutinous rice provides an important reference for understanding its genetic diversity. The high level of genetic diversity in Kam fragrant glutinous rice is not only related to the natural environment of the area but also tightly linked with the abundant and diverse Dong ethnic traditional cultures, which has led to protection of Kam fragrant glutinous rice’s genetic diversity.

Carl Jung and the Psychedelic Brain

In this essay, I outline an approach to analytical psychology based on the emerging disciplines of psychedelic neuroscience and psychedelic assisted therapies. During the 1950s Jung made brief comments on the use of psychedelics in traditional cultures and therapeutic contexts. I analyse these comments in the light of consequent research in the field. Contemporary psychedelic researchers are achieving impressive results in the treatment of mental illness and various forms of existential distress. A number of theories have been proposed to explain these results. In this essay, I will explore the idea that psychedelics facilitate a transition from our recently evolved secondary consciousness associated with the default mode network, to a more affect-based form of primary consciousness. I will also apply these findings to ethnographic accounts of traditional psychedelic use in Africa and Latin America, highlighting the usefulness of a Jungian approach to this material informed by psychedelic and evolutionary neuroscience.