Interconnections and Islands

2018 ◽  
pp. 37-72
Keyword(s):  
North America ◽  
Mediterranean Basin ◽  
Energy Sources ◽  
Current State ◽  
Main Driver ◽  
The Mediterranean ◽  
The Mediterranean Basin

The goal of this chapter is to present the current state and technologies with regards to interconnections of islands to the mainland or between islands. The majority of islands interconnections have been recorded in Asia, although the longest projects are found in Europe. In Asia, the islands are usually located close to the shore 10-55 km or in island complexes such as Indonesia and Philippines where the enhancement of the national grids through interconnections with then neighboring islands is relatively easy achieved through short HVAC links. In Europe, longer projects are observed exceeding the 400 km mainly in the Mediterranean basin, while the new HVDC interconnections are expected to reach even longer lengths. In North America, only a few island interconnections have been implemented in close distances from the shore. The main driver to interconnect islands has been principally the requirement to access cheap energy sources usually located in the mainland.

The seasonal growth rhythm of some cultivars of cocksfoot (Dactylis glomerata)

1968 ◽  
Vol 8 (32) ◽  
pp. 309 ◽  
Author(s):  
R Knight
Keyword(s):  
North America ◽  
Mediterranean Basin ◽  
Heading Date ◽  
Dactylis Glomerata ◽  
Seasonal Growth ◽  
Resistant Material ◽  
Growth Rhythm ◽  
Drought Resistant ◽  
The Mediterranean ◽  
The Mediterranean Basin

The seasonal yields of twenty-seven introduced cultivars of Dactylis glomerata were compared under irrigation with Australian cultivars and ecotypes from the Mediterranean basin. Very large differences in winter yield were obtained between cultivars, some French ones having yields three times larger than those from continental climates in Europe and North America. The material in the trial was also assessed for heading date and a range of three months was obtained between the earliest and latest cultivars, with the French cultivars as a group being the earliest. Survival of the introduced cultivars was low over the summer when not irrigated, emphasizing the need for hybridization with drought resistant material.

On the senior authorship of Musca oleae (Diptera: Tephritidae)

Zootaxa ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 1714 (1) ◽  
pp. 67 ◽  
Author(s):  
ALFIO RASPI ◽  
GENNARO VIGGIANI
Keyword(s):  
North America ◽  
Mediterranean Basin ◽  
Fruit Fly ◽  
Olive Fruit Fly ◽  
Olive Fruit ◽  
The Mediterranean ◽  
The Mediterranean Basin

The olive fruit fly is among the most serious pests of olive in the Mediterranean Basin and in 1998 the fly invaded North America, where the invasion was rapid and troublesome, mainly in California (Collier and Steenwyk, 2003).

Piracy and Law in the Ottoman Mediterranean

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joshua M. White
Keyword(s):  
International Law ◽  
Mediterranean Basin ◽  
Islamic Law ◽  
Comprehensive Examination ◽  
Legal Space ◽  
The Mediterranean ◽  
First Time ◽  
Eastern Half ◽  
The Mediterranean Basin

This book offers a comprehensive examination of the shape and impact of piracy in the eastern half of the Mediterranean and the Ottoman Empire’s administrative, legal, and diplomatic response. In the late sixteenth and seventeenth centuries, piracy had a tremendous effect on the formation of international law, the conduct of diplomacy, the articulation of Ottoman imperial and Islamic law, and their application in Ottoman courts. Piracy and Law draws on research in archives and libraries in Istanbul, Venice, Crete, London, and Paris to bring the Ottoman state and Ottoman victims into the story for the first time. It explains why piracy exploded after the 1570s and why the Ottoman state was largely unable to marshal an effective military solution even as it responded dynamically in the spheres of law and diplomacy. By focusing on the Ottoman victims, jurists, and officials who had to contend most with the consequences of piracy, Piracy and Law reveals a broader range of piratical practitioners than the Muslim and Catholic corsairs who have typically been the focus of study and considers their consequences for the Ottoman state and those who traveled through Ottoman waters. This book argues that what made the eastern half of the Mediterranean basin the Ottoman Mediterranean, more than sovereignty or naval supremacy—which was ephemeral—was that it was a legal space. The challenge of piracy helped to define its contours.

Unfinished and Less Authored Texts

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthew D. C. Larsen
Keyword(s):  
Late Antiquity ◽  
Mediterranean Basin ◽  
Written Texts ◽  
The Mediterranean ◽  
The Mediterranean Basin ◽  
Jewish Writers

The concept of textual unfinishedness played a role in a wide variety of cultures and contexts across the Mediterranean basin in antiquity and late antiquity. Chapter 2 documents examples of Greek, Roman, and Jewish writers reflecting explicitly in their own words about unfinished texts. Many writers claimed to have written unfinished texts on purpose for specific cultural reasons, while others claimed to have written texts that slipped out of their hands somehow with their permission.

The Alphabet and its Legacy

2019 ◽  
pp. 240-255
Author(s):  
Madadh Richey
Keyword(s):  
Mediterranean Basin ◽  
Technological Development ◽  
Greek Language ◽  
Writing Systems ◽  
Present Contribution ◽  
Generative Power ◽  
The Mediterranean ◽  
Alphabetic Writing ◽  
The Mediterranean Basin

The alphabet employed by the Phoenicians was the inheritor of a long tradition of alphabetic writing and was itself adapted for use throughout the Mediterranean basin by numerous populations speaking many languages. The present contribution traces the origins of the alphabet in Sinai and the Levant before discussing different alphabetic standardizations in Ugarit and Phoenician Tyre. The complex adaptation of the latter for representation of the Greek language is described in detail, then some brief attention is given to likely—Etruscan and other Italic alphabets—and possible (Iberian and Berber) descendants of the Phoenician alphabet. Finally, it is stressed that current research does not view the Phoenician and other alphabets as inherently simpler, more easily learned, or more democratic than other writing systems. The Phoenician alphabet remains, nevertheless, an impressive technological development worthy, especially by virtue of its generative power, of detailed study ranging from paleographic and orthographic specifications to social and political contextualization.

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