Introduction to Fog Computing

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-35
Author(s):  
Stojan Kitanov ◽  
Toni Janevski
Keyword(s):  
Cloud Computing ◽  
Data Storage ◽  
Fog Computing ◽  
High Mobility ◽  
End Users ◽  
Mobile Edge Computing ◽  
New Paradigm ◽  
Research Directions ◽  
Intelligent Networking ◽  
High Scalability

Pushing computing, control, data storage, and processing into the cloud has been a key trend in the past decade. However, the cloud alone encounters growing limitations, such as reduced latency, high mobility, high scalability, and real-time execution in order to meet the upcoming computing and intelligent networking demands. A new paradigm called fog computing has emerged to overcome these limits. Fog extends cloud computing and services to the edge of the network. It provides data, computing, storage, and application services to end-users that can be hosted at the network edge. It reduces service latency, and improves QoS/QoE, that results in superior user experience. This chapter is about introduction and overview of fog computing, comparison between fog computing and cloud computing, fog computing and mobile edge computing, possible fog computing architecture, applications of fog computing, and possible research directions.

Introduction to Fog Computing

2021 ◽  
pp. 67-94
Author(s):  
Stojan Kitanov ◽  
Toni Janevski
Keyword(s):  
Cloud Computing ◽  
Data Storage ◽  
Fog Computing ◽  
High Mobility ◽  
End Users ◽  
Mobile Edge Computing ◽  
New Paradigm ◽  
Research Directions ◽  
Intelligent Networking ◽  
High Scalability

Pushing computing, control, data storage, and processing into the cloud has been a key trend in the past decade. However, the cloud alone encounters growing limitations, such as reduced latency, high mobility, high scalability, and real-time execution in order to meet the upcoming computing and intelligent networking demands. A new paradigm called fog computing has emerged to overcome these limits. Fog extends cloud computing and services to the edge of the network. It provides data, computing, storage, and application services to end-users that can be hosted at the network edge. It reduces service latency, and improves QoS/QoE, that results in superior user experience. This chapter is about introduction and overview of fog computing, comparison between fog computing and cloud computing, fog computing and mobile edge computing, possible fog computing architecture, applications of fog computing, and possible research directions.

A Study on Capabilities and Challenges of Fog Computing

2019 ◽  
pp. 249-273
Author(s):  
R. Priyadarshini ◽  
N. Malarvizhi ◽  
E. A. Neeba
Keyword(s):  
Cloud Computing ◽  
Data Storage ◽  
Fog Computing ◽  
End Users ◽  
Information Measure ◽  
New Paradigm ◽  
Control Activity ◽  
Management Functions ◽  
Future Topics

Fog computing is a new paradigm believed to be an extension of cloud computing and services to the sting of the network. Similarly, like Cloud, Fog provides computing, data, storage, and various application services to the connected end-users. Fog computing uses one or a lot of combined end users or nearby end users edge devices to perform the configuration, communication, storage, control activity, and management functions over the infrastructure supported. This new paradigm solves the latency and information measure limitation issues encountered from the cloud computing. Primarily, the architecture of the fog computing is discussed and analyzed during this work and then indicates the connected potential security and trust problems. Then, however such problems are tackled within the existing literature is systematically reportable. Finally, the open challenges, analysis, trends, and future topics of security and trust in fog computing are mentioned.

Quality Evaluation of Cloud and Fog Computing Services in 5G Networks

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-36 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stojan Kitanov ◽  
Borislav Popovski ◽  
Toni Janevski
Keyword(s):  
Network Performance ◽  
Fog Computing ◽  
High Mobility ◽  
Network Control ◽  
5G Networks ◽  
New Paradigm ◽  
Network Function ◽  
Computing Services ◽  
5G Network ◽  
Intelligent Networking

Because of the increased computing and intelligent networking demands in 5G network, cloud computing alone encounters too many limitations, such as requirements for reduced latency, high mobility, high scalability, and real-time execution. A new paradigm called fog computing has emerged to resolve these issues. Fog computing distributes computing, data processing, and networking services to the edge of the network, closer to end users. Fog applied in 5G significantly improves network performance in terms of spectral and energy efficiency, enable direct device-to-device wireless communications, and support the growing trend of network function virtualization and separation of network control intelligence from radio network hardware. This chapter evaluates the quality of cloud and fog computing services in 5G network, and proposes five algorithms for an optimal selection of 5G RAN according to the service requirements. The results demonstrate that fog computing is a suitable technology solution for 5G networks.

Quality Evaluation of Cloud and Fog Computing Services in 5G Networks

2021 ◽  
pp. 1770-1805
Author(s):  
Stojan Kitanov ◽  
Borislav Popovski ◽  
Toni Janevski
Keyword(s):  
Network Performance ◽  
Fog Computing ◽  
High Mobility ◽  
Network Control ◽  
5G Networks ◽  
New Paradigm ◽  
Network Function ◽  
Computing Services ◽  
5G Network ◽  
Intelligent Networking

Because of the increased computing and intelligent networking demands in 5G network, cloud computing alone encounters too many limitations, such as requirements for reduced latency, high mobility, high scalability, and real-time execution. A new paradigm called fog computing has emerged to resolve these issues. Fog computing distributes computing, data processing, and networking services to the edge of the network, closer to end users. Fog applied in 5G significantly improves network performance in terms of spectral and energy efficiency, enable direct device-to-device wireless communications, and support the growing trend of network function virtualization and separation of network control intelligence from radio network hardware. This chapter evaluates the quality of cloud and fog computing services in 5G network, and proposes five algorithms for an optimal selection of 5G RAN according to the service requirements. The results demonstrate that fog computing is a suitable technology solution for 5G networks.

Quality Evaluation of Cloud and Fog Computing Services in 5G Networks

2021 ◽  
pp. 240-275
Author(s):  
Stojan Kitanov ◽  
Borislav Popovski ◽  
Toni Janevski
Keyword(s):  
Network Performance ◽  
Fog Computing ◽  
High Mobility ◽  
Network Control ◽  
5G Networks ◽  
New Paradigm ◽  
Network Function ◽  
Computing Services ◽  
5G Network ◽  
Intelligent Networking

Because of the increased computing and intelligent networking demands in 5G network, cloud computing alone encounters too many limitations, such as requirements for reduced latency, high mobility, high scalability, and real-time execution. A new paradigm called fog computing has emerged to resolve these issues. Fog computing distributes computing, data processing, and networking services to the edge of the network, closer to end users. Fog applied in 5G significantly improves network performance in terms of spectral and energy efficiency, enable direct device-to-device wireless communications, and support the growing trend of network function virtualization and separation of network control intelligence from radio network hardware. This chapter evaluates the quality of cloud and fog computing services in 5G network, and proposes five algorithms for an optimal selection of 5G RAN according to the service requirements. The results demonstrate that fog computing is a suitable technology solution for 5G networks.

scholarly journals Features, Challenges and Issues of Fog Computing: A Comprehensive Review

2020 ◽  
Vol 19 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Cloud Computing ◽  
Fog Computing ◽  
End Users ◽  
Computing Technology ◽  
Privacy And Security ◽  
Comprehensive Review ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Security Control ◽  
Control And Management ◽  
And Task

Fog computing is a promising technology that is used by many organizations and end-users. It has characteristics and advantages that offer services such as computing, storage, communication, and application services. It facilitates these services to end-users and allows to increase the number of devices that can connect to the network. In this paper, we provide a survey of Fog computing technology in terms of its architecture, features, advantages and disadvantages. We provide a comparison of this model with Cloud Computing, Mobile-Edge Computing, and Cloudlet Computing. We also present challenges and issues that face Fog Computing such as privacy and security, control and management, fog networking and task scheduling. Finally, we discuss aspects of Fog computing security and the benefits of integration between Fog computing and other techniques like Internet of Things and Cloud Computing.

Security Challenges in Fog Computing

2019 ◽  
pp. 148-164
Author(s):  
Anshu Devi ◽  
Ramesh Kait ◽  
Virender Ranga
Keyword(s):  
Cloud Computing ◽  
Fog Computing ◽  
Cloud Security ◽  
Trust Model ◽  
Security Threats ◽  
New Paradigm ◽  
Computing Model ◽  
Security Challenges ◽  
Security Concerns ◽  
Distinct Features

Fog computing is a term coined by networking giant Cisco. It is a new paradigm that extends the cloud computing model by conferring computation, storage, and application services at the periphery of networks. Fog computing is a gifted paradigm of cloud computing that facilitates the mobility, portability, heterogeneity, and processing of voluminous data. These distinct features of fog help to reduce latency and make it suitable for location-sensitive applications. Fog computing features raise new security concerns and challenges. The existing cloud security has not been implemented directly due to mobility, heterogeneity of fog nodes. As we know, IoT has to process large amount of data quickly; therefore, it has various functionality-driven applications that escalate security concerns. The primary aim of this chapter is to present the most recent security aspects such as authentication and trust, reputation-based trust model, rogue fog node and authentication at different level, security threats, challenges, and also highlights the future aspects of fog.

Confidentiality and Safekeeping Problems and Techniques in Fog Computing

2021 ◽  
pp. 1855-1873
Author(s):  
Nida Kauser Khanum ◽  
Pankaj Lathar ◽  
G. M. Siddesh
Keyword(s):  
Cloud Computing ◽  
Data Storage ◽  
Fog Computing ◽  
Video Stream ◽  
Security And Privacy ◽  
Surveillance Video ◽  
Speech Data ◽  
Real Time Applications ◽  
Privacy Issues ◽  
Intrusion Detection And Prevention

Fog computing is an extension of cloud computing, and it is one of the most important architypes in the current world. Fog computing is like cloud computing as it provides data storage, computation, processing, and application services to end-users. In this chapter, the authors discuss the security and privacy issues concerned with fog computing. The issues present in cloud are also inherited by fog computing, but the same methods available for cloud computing are not applicable to fog computing due to its decentralized nature. The authors also discuss a few real-time applications like healthcare systems, intelligent food traceability, surveillance video stream processing, collection, and pre-processing of speech data. Finally, the concept of decoy technique and intrusion detection and prevention technique is covered.

Design and Development of Framework for Platform Level Issues in Fog Computing

2021 ◽  
pp. 429-451
Author(s):  
Sejal Atit Bhavsar ◽  
Kirit J Modi
Keyword(s):  
Fault Tolerance ◽  
Data Storage ◽  
Fog Computing ◽  
End Users ◽  
Computing Services ◽  
Cloud Computing Services ◽  
Basic Concepts ◽  
Tolerance Model ◽  
Processing And Storage ◽  
And Storage

Fog computing is a paradigm that extends cloud computing services to the edge of the network. Fog computing provides data, storage, compute and application services to end users. The distinguishing characteristics of fog computing are its proximity to the end users. The application services are hosted on network edges like on routers, switches, etc. The goal of fog computing is to improve the efficiency and reduce the amount of data that needs to be transported to cloud for analysis, processing and storage. Due to heterogeneous characteristics of fog computing, there are some issues, i.e. security, fault tolerance, resource scheduling and allocation. To better understand fault tolerance, we highlighted the basic concepts of fault tolerance by understanding different fault tolerance techniques i.e. Reactive, Proactive and the hybrid. In addition to the fault tolerance, how to balance resource utilization and security in fog computing are also discussed here. Furthermore, to overcome platform level issues of fog computing, Hybrid fault tolerance model using resource management and security is presented by us.

scholarly journals Towards Distributed Data Management in Fog Computing

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-14 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vasileios Moysiadis ◽  
Panagiotis Sarigiannidis ◽  
Ioannis Moscholios
Keyword(s):  
Cloud Computing ◽  
Data Storage ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Fog Computing ◽  
Cloud Services ◽  
Smart Devices ◽  
Distributed Data ◽  
Storage Allocation ◽  
Huge Amount ◽  
Distributed Data Storage

In the emerging area of the Internet of Things (IoT), the exponential growth of the number of smart devices leads to a growing need for efficient data storage mechanisms. Cloud Computing was an efficient solution so far to store and manipulate such huge amount of data. However, in the next years it is expected that Cloud Computing will be unable to handle the huge amount of the IoT devices efficiently due to bandwidth limitations. An arising technology which promises to overwhelm many drawbacks in large-scale networks in IoT is Fog Computing. Fog Computing provides high-quality Cloud services in the physical proximity of mobile users. Computational power and storage capacity could be offered from the Fog, with low latency and high bandwidth. This survey discusses the main features of Fog Computing, introduces representative simulators and tools, highlights the benefits of Fog Computing in line with the applications of large-scale IoT networks, and identifies various aspects of issues we may encounter when designing and implementing social IoT systems in the context of the Fog Computing paradigm. The rationale behind this work lies in the data storage discussion which is performed by taking into account the importance of storage capabilities in modern Fog Computing systems. In addition, we provide a comprehensive comparison among previously developed distributed data storage systems which consist of a promising solution for data storage allocation in Fog Computing.

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