Quality Evaluation of Cloud and Fog Computing Services in 5G Networks

2021 ◽

pp. 1770-1805

Author(s):

Stojan Kitanov ◽

Borislav Popovski ◽

Toni Janevski

Keyword(s):

Network Performance ◽

Fog Computing ◽

High Mobility ◽

Network Control ◽

5G Networks ◽

New Paradigm ◽

Network Function ◽

Computing Services ◽

5G Network ◽

Intelligent Networking

Because of the increased computing and intelligent networking demands in 5G network, cloud computing alone encounters too many limitations, such as requirements for reduced latency, high mobility, high scalability, and real-time execution. A new paradigm called fog computing has emerged to resolve these issues. Fog computing distributes computing, data processing, and networking services to the edge of the network, closer to end users. Fog applied in 5G significantly improves network performance in terms of spectral and energy efficiency, enable direct device-to-device wireless communications, and support the growing trend of network function virtualization and separation of network control intelligence from radio network hardware. This chapter evaluates the quality of cloud and fog computing services in 5G network, and proposes five algorithms for an optimal selection of 5G RAN according to the service requirements. The results demonstrate that fog computing is a suitable technology solution for 5G networks.

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Quality Evaluation of Cloud and Fog Computing Services in 5G Networks

Research Anthology on Developing and Optimizing 5G Networks and the Impact on Society ◽

10.4018/978-1-7998-7708-0.ch012 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 240-275

Author(s):

Stojan Kitanov ◽

Borislav Popovski ◽

Toni Janevski

Keyword(s):

Network Performance ◽

Fog Computing ◽

High Mobility ◽

Network Control ◽

5G Networks ◽

New Paradigm ◽

Network Function ◽

Computing Services ◽

5G Network ◽

Intelligent Networking

Because of the increased computing and intelligent networking demands in 5G network, cloud computing alone encounters too many limitations, such as requirements for reduced latency, high mobility, high scalability, and real-time execution. A new paradigm called fog computing has emerged to resolve these issues. Fog computing distributes computing, data processing, and networking services to the edge of the network, closer to end users. Fog applied in 5G significantly improves network performance in terms of spectral and energy efficiency, enable direct device-to-device wireless communications, and support the growing trend of network function virtualization and separation of network control intelligence from radio network hardware. This chapter evaluates the quality of cloud and fog computing services in 5G network, and proposes five algorithms for an optimal selection of 5G RAN according to the service requirements. The results demonstrate that fog computing is a suitable technology solution for 5G networks.

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Introduction to Fog Computing

The Rise of Fog Computing in the Digital Era - Advances in Computer and Electrical Engineering ◽

10.4018/978-1-5225-6070-8.ch001 ◽

2019 ◽

pp. 1-35

Author(s):

Stojan Kitanov ◽

Toni Janevski

Keyword(s):

Cloud Computing ◽

Data Storage ◽

Fog Computing ◽

High Mobility ◽

End Users ◽

Mobile Edge Computing ◽

New Paradigm ◽

Research Directions ◽

Intelligent Networking ◽

High Scalability

Pushing computing, control, data storage, and processing into the cloud has been a key trend in the past decade. However, the cloud alone encounters growing limitations, such as reduced latency, high mobility, high scalability, and real-time execution in order to meet the upcoming computing and intelligent networking demands. A new paradigm called fog computing has emerged to overcome these limits. Fog extends cloud computing and services to the edge of the network. It provides data, computing, storage, and application services to end-users that can be hosted at the network edge. It reduces service latency, and improves QoS/QoE, that results in superior user experience. This chapter is about introduction and overview of fog computing, comparison between fog computing and cloud computing, fog computing and mobile edge computing, possible fog computing architecture, applications of fog computing, and possible research directions.

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Introduction to Fog Computing

Research Anthology on Architectures, Frameworks, and Integration Strategies for Distributed and Cloud Computing ◽

10.4018/978-1-7998-5339-8.ch004 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 67-94

Author(s):

Stojan Kitanov ◽

Toni Janevski

Keyword(s):

Cloud Computing ◽

Data Storage ◽

Fog Computing ◽

High Mobility ◽

End Users ◽

Mobile Edge Computing ◽

New Paradigm ◽

Research Directions ◽

Intelligent Networking ◽

High Scalability

Pushing computing, control, data storage, and processing into the cloud has been a key trend in the past decade. However, the cloud alone encounters growing limitations, such as reduced latency, high mobility, high scalability, and real-time execution in order to meet the upcoming computing and intelligent networking demands. A new paradigm called fog computing has emerged to overcome these limits. Fog extends cloud computing and services to the edge of the network. It provides data, computing, storage, and application services to end-users that can be hosted at the network edge. It reduces service latency, and improves QoS/QoE, that results in superior user experience. This chapter is about introduction and overview of fog computing, comparison between fog computing and cloud computing, fog computing and mobile edge computing, possible fog computing architecture, applications of fog computing, and possible research directions.

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Improving handover of 5G networks by network function virtualization and fog computing

2017 IEEE/CIC International Conference on Communications in China (ICCC) ◽

10.1109/iccchina.2017.8330444 ◽

2017 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Yu Qiu ◽

Haijun Zhang ◽

Keping Long ◽

Hongjian Sun ◽

Xuebin Li ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Fog Computing ◽

Network Function Virtualization ◽

5G Networks ◽

Network Function

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5G: rethink mobile communications for 2020+

Philosophical Transactions of The Royal Society A Mathematical Physical and Engineering Sciences ◽

10.1098/rsta.2014.0432 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 374 (2062) ◽

pp. 20140432 ◽

Cited By ~ 34

Author(s):

I. Chih-Lin ◽

Shuangfeng Han ◽

Zhikun Xu ◽

Qi Sun ◽

Zhengang Pan

Keyword(s):

Mobile Communications ◽

Access Network ◽

High Mobility ◽

High Energy ◽

Network Function Virtualization ◽

Traffic Density ◽

Network Function ◽

High Data ◽

5G Network ◽

User Centric

The 5G network is anticipated to meet the challenging requirements of mobile traffic in the 2020s, which are characterized by super high data rate, low latency, high mobility, high energy efficiency and high traffic density. This paper provides an overview of China Mobile’s 5G vision and potential solutions. Three key characteristics of 5G are analysed, i.e. super fast, soft and green. The main 5G R&D themes are further elaborated, which include five fundamental rethinkings of the traditional design methodologies. The 5G network design considerations are also discussed, with cloud radio access network, ultra-dense network, software defined network and network function virtualization examined as key potential solutions towards a green and soft 5G network. The paradigm shift to user-centric network operation from the traditional cell-centric operation is also investigated, where the decoupled downlink and uplink, control and data, and adaptive multiple connections provide sufficient means to achieve a user-centric 5G network with ‘no more cells’. The software defined air interface is investigated under a uniform framework and can adaptively adapt the parameters to well satisfy various requirements in different 5G scenarios.

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Resource Allocation in 4G and 5G Networks: A Review

International Journal of Communication Networks and Information Security (IJCNIS) ◽

10.54039/ijcnis.v13i3.5116 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 13 (3) ◽

Author(s):

Lavanya-Nehan Degambur ◽

Avinash Mungur ◽

Sheeba Armoogum ◽

Sameerchand Pudaruth

Keyword(s):

Resource Allocation ◽

Network Architecture ◽

Electrical Energy ◽

Network Function Virtualization ◽

Network Architectures ◽

5G Networks ◽

Memory Space ◽

Network Function ◽

5G Network ◽

End To End

The advent of 4G and 5G broadband wireless networks brings several challenges with respect to resource allocation in the networks. In an interconnected network of wireless devices, users, and devices, all compete for scarce resources which further emphasizes the fair and efficient allocation of those resources for the proper functioning of the networks. The purpose of this study is to discover the different factors that are involved in resource allocation in 4G and 5G networks. The methodology used was an empirical study using qualitative techniques by performing literature reviews on the state of art in 4G and 5G networks, analyze their respective architectures and resource allocation mechanisms, discover parameters, criteria and provide recommendations. It was observed that resource allocation is primarily done with radio resource in 4G and 5G networks, owing to their wireless nature, and resource allocation is measured in terms of delay, fairness, packet loss ratio, spectral efficiency, and throughput. Minimal consideration is given to other resources along the end-to-end 4G and 5G network architectures. This paper defines more types of resources, such as electrical energy, processor cycles and memory space, along end-to-end architectures, whose allocation processes need to be emphasized owing to the inclusion of software defined networking and network function virtualization in 5G network architectures. Thus, more criteria, such as electrical energy usage, processor cycle, and memory to evaluate resource allocation have been proposed. Finally, ten recommendations have been made to enhance resource allocation along the whole 5G network architecture.

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PLANNING OF THE STRUCTURE OF 5G TRANSPORT NETWORKS BASED ON SDN/NFV TECHNOLOGIES

Электросвязь ◽

10.34832/elsv.2021.21.8.005 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

А.Ю. ЦЫМ ◽

О.А. БЫЧКОВА

Keyword(s):

Optimal Location ◽

Network Function Virtualization ◽

Software Defined Networks ◽

5G Networks ◽

Transport Networks ◽

Total Load ◽

Network Function ◽

5G Network

Сформулированы основные требования к построению транспортных сетей 5G на основе технологий программно-конфигурируемых сетей SDN/NFV. Приведены положения типовой методики планирования структуры транспортных сетей 5G. Показаны алгоритмы расчета и оптимального расположения контроллеров в структуре сетей 5G, а также определения оптимальных групп коммутаторов, общая нагрузка на которые не превышает максимальную производительность контроллеров сети 5G. The basic requirements for the construction of 5G transport networks based on the technologies of software-defined networks (SDN) and network function virtualization (NFV) are formulated. The main provisions of a typical methodology for the planning of the structure of 5G transport networks are presented. Algorithms for calculation and optimal location of controllers in the structure of 5G networks are shown. Algorithms for determining the optimal groups of switches, the total load on whichdoes not exceed the maximumperformance of 5G network controllers, are also discussed.

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