scholarly journals Features, Challenges and Issues of Fog Computing: A Comprehensive Review

2020 ◽  
Vol 19 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Cloud Computing ◽  
Fog Computing ◽  
End Users ◽  
Computing Technology ◽  
Privacy And Security ◽  
Comprehensive Review ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Security Control ◽  
Control And Management ◽  
And Task

Fog computing is a promising technology that is used by many organizations and end-users. It has characteristics and advantages that offer services such as computing, storage, communication, and application services. It facilitates these services to end-users and allows to increase the number of devices that can connect to the network. In this paper, we provide a survey of Fog computing technology in terms of its architecture, features, advantages and disadvantages. We provide a comparison of this model with Cloud Computing, Mobile-Edge Computing, and Cloudlet Computing. We also present challenges and issues that face Fog Computing such as privacy and security, control and management, fog networking and task scheduling. Finally, we discuss aspects of Fog computing security and the benefits of integration between Fog computing and other techniques like Internet of Things and Cloud Computing.

scholarly journals Features, Challenges and Issues of Fog Computing: A Comprehensive Study

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Fog Computing ◽  
End Users ◽  
Privacy And Security ◽  
Security Issues ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Computing Model ◽  
Control And Management ◽  
Management Issues ◽  
And Task ◽  
Comprehensive Study

Fog computing is one of the most important technologies and promising computing model used by many end-users, organizations, and companies. This model has many qualities, characteristics, advantages and offers many services to end-users like compute, and application services. So, it facilitates the services that provided it to the end-users and allows us to increase the number of devices that connect the network. In this research paper, we survey the Fog technology in terms of the architecture and the primary features (i.e. advantages, and disadvantages). Then, we compare this model with Cloud computing, Mobile-Edge Computing, and Cloudlet Computing. Also, this paper is constructed by illustrating the importance of several challenges and issues that facing Fog computing like "privacy and security: issues and solutions", control and management issues, fog networking and task scheduling. Finally, we mention the six aspects of fog computing security and the benefits of merging between Fog computing and other techniques like “Internet of Things and Cloud”. This paper will contribute to providing the researchers who want to study the Fog computing in terms of aspects that previously mentioned.

scholarly journals Privacy for D2D communications based applications and services in IoT enabled networks

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
L. P. Bopape
Keyword(s):  
Cloud Computing ◽  
Data Exchange ◽  
End Users ◽  
Security And Privacy ◽  
Cyber Attack ◽  
Core Network ◽  
D2d Communications ◽  
Round Trip ◽  
Resource Constrained ◽  
Privacy And Security

With the advent of IoT, Device-to-Device (D2D) communications has afforded a new paradigm that reliably facilitates data exchange among devices in proximity without necessarily involving the base (core) network. It is geared towards the need to improve network performance where short-range communications is concerned, as well as supporting proximitybased services. However, the relentless growth in the number of network end-users as well as interconnected communication-capable devices, in the next-generation IoT-based 5G cellular networks has resulted in novel services and applications, most of which are security-sensitive. It is thus of paramount importance that security issues be addressed. A posing challenge is that the devices are mostly resource-constrained in both power and computing. As such, it is not practical to implement present day as well as traditional security frameworks and protocols under such a scenario, unless strides are taken towards the improvements of data throughput rates, higher bandwidth provisioning, lower round trip latencies, enhanced spectral efficiencies, and energy efficiency (leading to even lower power consumption, by the already constrained devices) in IoT 5G/LTE networks. Therefore, this work focused on exploring and designing schemes that enhance security and privacy among communicating parties. Otherwise, without reliable as well as robust privacy and security preservation measures in the network, most services and applications will be exposed to various forms of malicious attacks. With such a widened cyber-attack space, both privacy and security for end users can easily be compromised. The work herein addresses privacy for subscribers to the various available services and applications as well as security of the associated data. Ultimately, we propose a Fog-Cloud computing paradigm-assisted security framework that comprises two schemes. The aim is to implement a lightweight-based cartographic algorithm that ensures that communication overheads, round trip latencies, computational loads as well as energy consumption by the otherwise resource-constrained surveillance cameras deployed remotely, are kept minimal. Overall, by way of both analysis and simulation, we ascertain that a Fog-Cloud computing-based lightweight security-based scheme has the potential to greatly improve security and privacy preservation, as well as overall performance despite the resource-constrained nature of the devices.

A Study on Capabilities and Challenges of Fog Computing

2019 ◽  
pp. 249-273
Author(s):  
R. Priyadarshini ◽  
N. Malarvizhi ◽  
E. A. Neeba
Keyword(s):  
Cloud Computing ◽  
Data Storage ◽  
Fog Computing ◽  
End Users ◽  
Information Measure ◽  
New Paradigm ◽  
Control Activity ◽  
Management Functions ◽  
Future Topics

Fog computing is a new paradigm believed to be an extension of cloud computing and services to the sting of the network. Similarly, like Cloud, Fog provides computing, data, storage, and various application services to the connected end-users. Fog computing uses one or a lot of combined end users or nearby end users edge devices to perform the configuration, communication, storage, control activity, and management functions over the infrastructure supported. This new paradigm solves the latency and information measure limitation issues encountered from the cloud computing. Primarily, the architecture of the fog computing is discussed and analyzed during this work and then indicates the connected potential security and trust problems. Then, however such problems are tackled within the existing literature is systematically reportable. Finally, the open challenges, analysis, trends, and future topics of security and trust in fog computing are mentioned.

Introduction to Fog Computing

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-35
Author(s):  
Stojan Kitanov ◽  
Toni Janevski
Keyword(s):  
Cloud Computing ◽  
Data Storage ◽  
Fog Computing ◽  
High Mobility ◽  
End Users ◽  
Mobile Edge Computing ◽  
New Paradigm ◽  
Research Directions ◽  
Intelligent Networking ◽  
High Scalability

Pushing computing, control, data storage, and processing into the cloud has been a key trend in the past decade. However, the cloud alone encounters growing limitations, such as reduced latency, high mobility, high scalability, and real-time execution in order to meet the upcoming computing and intelligent networking demands. A new paradigm called fog computing has emerged to overcome these limits. Fog extends cloud computing and services to the edge of the network. It provides data, computing, storage, and application services to end-users that can be hosted at the network edge. It reduces service latency, and improves QoS/QoE, that results in superior user experience. This chapter is about introduction and overview of fog computing, comparison between fog computing and cloud computing, fog computing and mobile edge computing, possible fog computing architecture, applications of fog computing, and possible research directions.

scholarly journals Security Problems in Cloud Computing

2016 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
pp. 36 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rola Motawie ◽  
Mahmoud M. El-Khouly ◽  
Samir Abou El-Seoud
Keyword(s):  
Cloud Computing ◽  
Resource Sharing ◽  
Cost Savings ◽  
Security Threats ◽  
Computing Technology ◽  
Privacy And Security ◽  
New Concepts ◽  
Mobile Accessibility ◽  
Cloud Users ◽  
Day By Day

Cloud is a pool of computing resources which are distributed among cloud users. Cloud computing has many benefits like scalability, flexibility, cost savings, reliability, maintenance and mobile accessibility. Since cloud-computing technology is growing day by day, it comes with many security problems. Securing the data in the cloud environment is most critical challenges which act as a barrier when implementing the cloud. There are many new concepts that cloud introduces, such as resource sharing, multi-tenancy, and outsourcing, create new challenges for the security community. In this work, we provide a comparable study of cloud computing privacy and security concerns. We identify and classify known security threats, cloud vulnerabilities, and attacks.

From Cloud Computing to Fog Computing

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-14 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sanjay P. Ahuja ◽  
Niharika Deval
Keyword(s):  
Cloud Computing ◽  
Fog Computing ◽  
Cost Savings ◽  
End Users ◽  
Internet Technology ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Computing Paradigm ◽  
Close Proximity ◽  
Iot Devices ◽  
Communication Control

This article describes how in recent years, Cloud Computing has emerged as a fundamental computing paradigm that has significantly changed the approach of enterprises as well as end users towards implementation of Internet technology. The key characteristics such as on-demand resource provision, scalability, rapid elasticity, higher flexibility, and significant cost savings have influenced enterprises of all sizes in the wide and successful adoption of Cloud Computing. Despite numerous advantages, Cloud Computing has its fair share of downsides as well. One of those major concerns is latency issues which has relevance to the Internet of Things (IoT). A new computing paradigm has been proposed by Cisco in early 2014 and termed 'Fog Computing'. Fog Computing otherwise known as Edge Computing is the integration of Cloud Computing and IoT. Being located in close proximity to the IoT devices, the Fog assists with latency requirements of IoT related applications. It also meets the data processing needs of IoT devices which are resource constrained by bringing computation, communication, control and storage closer to the end users. Clouds continue to offer support for data analytics. One can think of the IoT-Fog-Cloud as being part of a continuum. This article surveys the current literature on Fog Computing and provides a discussion on the background, details and architecture of Fog Computing, as well as the application areas of Fog Computing. The article concludes with some recommendations in the areas of future research.

Bezpieczeństwo oraz aspekty prawne przetwarzania danych w chmurze obliczeniowej

2018 ◽  
Vol 72 ◽  
pp. 149-163
Author(s):  
Agnieszka Grzegorek
Keyword(s):  
Cloud Computing ◽  
Current Practice ◽  
Personal Data ◽  
Computing Environment ◽  
Computing Technology ◽  
Cloud Computing Environment ◽  
Contractual Arrangements ◽  
Security Control ◽  
Fair Balance ◽  
The Eu

Many issues need to be considered and tackled before moving data into the cloud. Adoption of cloud computing raises concerns and questions in particular with respect to security, control and privacy in cloud computing environment. Users should be aware where their data will be stored and what law governs. In a case where personal data are to be processed it is important for the contracting parties to ensure that requirements and obligations placed on them pursuant to the EU data protection laws will be fulfilled. This article also includes an overview of typical terms and conditions of cloud computing contracts, stressing that most of contractual arrangements in current practice fall short of achieving a fair balance of rights and obligations arising under the contract between cloud providers and users. The aim of this study is to indicate regulations and guidelines which are applicable to cloud computing contracts as well as initiatives undertaken at the EU level and their role in building legal certainty and trust to cloud computing technology.

scholarly journals A Novel Fog-IoT based Framework for Improving Performance of Cloud Computing

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (12S) ◽  
pp. 889-895
Keyword(s):  
Cloud Computing ◽  
Internet Of Things ◽  
Secure Communication ◽  
Fog Computing ◽  
Cloud Service ◽  
Raspberry Pi ◽  
New Paradigm ◽  
Privacy And Security ◽  
Security Issues ◽  
Iot Devices

Internet-of-Things (IoT) has been considered as a fundamental part of our day by day existence with billions of IoT devices gathering information remotely and can interoperate within the current Internet framework. Fog computing is nothing but cloud computing to the extreme of network security. It provides computation and storage services via CSP (Cloud Service Provider) to end devices in the Internet of Things (IoT). Fog computing allows the data storing and processing any nearby network devices or nearby cloud endpoint continuum. Using fog computing, the designer can reduce the computation architecture of the IoT devices. Unfortunitily, this new paradigm IoT-Fog faces numerous new privacy and security issues, like authentication and authorization, secure communication, information confidentiality. Despite the fact that the customary cloud-based platform can even utilize heavyweight cryptosystem to upgrade security, it can't be performed on fog devices drectly due to reseource constraints. Additionally, a huge number of smart fog devices are fiercely disseminated and situated in various zones, which expands the danger of being undermined by some pernicious gatherings. Trait Based Encryption (ABE) is an open key encryption conspire that enables clients to scramble and unscramble messages dependent on client qualities, which ensures information classification and hearty information get to control. Be that as it may, its computational expense for encryption and unscrambling stage is straightforwardly corresponding to the multifaceted nature of the arrangements utilized. The points is to assess the planning, CPU burden, and memory burden, and system estimations all through each phase of the cloud-to-things continuum amid an analysis for deciding highlights from a finger tapping exercise for Parkinson's Disease patients. It will be appeared there are confinements to the proposed testbeds when endeavoring to deal with upwards of 35 customers at the same time. These discoveries lead us to a proper conveyance of handling the leaves the Intel NUC as the most suitable fog gadget. While the Intel Edison and Raspberry Pi locate a superior balance at in the edge layer, crossing over correspondence conventions and keeping up a self-mending network topology for "thing" devices in the individual territory organize.

Fog vs. Cloud Computing Architecture

2021 ◽  
pp. 452-469
Author(s):  
Shweta Kaushik ◽  
Charu Gandhi
Keyword(s):  
Cloud Computing ◽  
New Technology ◽  
Fog Computing ◽  
End Users ◽  
Distributed Data ◽  
Storage Space ◽  
Mobility Support ◽  
Jitter Delay ◽  
Dense Distribution ◽  
Real Time Application

Cloud computing has emerged as a new technology that allows the users to acquire resources at anytime, anywhere by connecting with internet. It provides the options to users for renting of infrastructure, storage space, and services. One service issue that affects the QoS of cloud computing is network latency while dealing with real-time application. In this, the user interacts directly with application but delays in receiving the services, and jitter delay will encourage the user to think about this. In today's world, clients are moving towards the IoT techniques, enabling them to connect all things with internet and get their services from cloud. This advancement requires introduction of new technology termed as “fog computing.” Fog computing is an extension of cloud computing that provides the service at the edge of the network. Its proximity to end users, mobility support, and dense distribution reduces the service latency and improves QoS. This fog model provides the prosperity for advertisement and entertainment and is well suited for distributed data model.

From Cloud Computing to Fog Computing

2021 ◽  
pp. 999-1010
Author(s):  
Sanjay P. Ahuja ◽  
Niharika Deval
Keyword(s):  
Cloud Computing ◽  
Fog Computing ◽  
Cost Savings ◽  
End Users ◽  
Internet Technology ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Computing Paradigm ◽  
Key Characteristics ◽  
Iot Devices ◽  
Communication Control

This article describes how in recent years, Cloud Computing has emerged as a fundamental computing paradigm that has significantly changed the approach of enterprises as well as end users towards implementation of Internet technology. The key characteristics such as on-demand resource provision, scalability, rapid elasticity, higher flexibility, and significant cost savings have influenced enterprises of all sizes in the wide and successful adoption of Cloud Computing. Despite numerous advantages, Cloud Computing has its fair share of downsides as well. One of those major concerns is latency issues which has relevance to the Internet of Things (IoT). A new computing paradigm has been proposed by Cisco in early 2014 and termed 'Fog Computing'. Fog Computing otherwise known as Edge Computing is the integration of Cloud Computing and IoT. Being located in close proximity to the IoT devices, the Fog assists with latency requirements of IoT related applications. It also meets the data processing needs of IoT devices which are resource constrained by bringing computation, communication, control and storage closer to the end users. Clouds continue to offer support for data analytics. One can think of the IoT-Fog-Cloud as being part of a continuum. This article surveys the current literature on Fog Computing and provides a discussion on the background, details and architecture of Fog Computing, as well as the application areas of Fog Computing. The article concludes with some recommendations in the areas of future research.

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