Transmission Line and Its Implementation

2019 ◽  
pp. 39-55
Author(s):  
Pampa Debnath ◽  
Arpan Deyasi
Keyword(s):  
Transmission Line ◽  
Transmission Lines ◽  
Power Distribution ◽  
Coplanar Waveguide ◽  
Low Frequency ◽  
Coaxial Line ◽  
Electric Circuit ◽  
Radio Broadcasting ◽  
Unbounded Media ◽  
Low Frequency Power

In unbounded media, wave propagation is supposed to be unguided. The existence of uniform plane wave is considered to be all through the space. Electromagnetic energy related with the wave stretched over a broad area. In TV and radio broadcasting, unbounded medium propagation of the wave is required. Here transmission of information is destined for one and all who may be interested. Another way of transmitting information is by guided media. Guided media acts to direct the transmission of energy from transmitter to receiver. Transmission lines are usually used in low frequency power distribution and in high frequency communications as well as in the ethernet and internet in computer networks. Two or more parallel conductors may be used to construct a transmission line, which connects source to a load. Typical transmission lines consist of coaxial line, waveguide, microstrip line, coplanar waveguide, etc. In this chapter, problems related with transmission lines are solved with the help of EM field theory and electric circuit theory.

scholarly journals Effective Automatic Fault Detection in Transmission Lines by Hybrid Model of Authorization and Distance Calculation through Impedance Variation

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 36-48
Author(s):  
Bindhu V ◽  
Ranganathan G
Keyword(s):  
Fault Detection ◽  
Transmission Line ◽  
Transmission Lines ◽  
Power Distribution ◽  
Power Transmission ◽  
Control Unit ◽  
Labor Costs ◽  
Impedance Variation ◽  
Distribution Line ◽  
Intelligent Approach

Fault detection in the transmission is a challenging task when examining the accuracy of the system. This fault can be caused by a man-made force or by using concurrent overvoltage in the power distribution line. This research focuses on two sections to handle the power transmission line problem and can be rectified as previously stated. An intelligent approach is utilized for monitoring and controlling line faults in order to improve the accuracy of the equipment in transmission line fault detection. After several iterations of the procedure, the combination of line and master unit improves the system's accuracy and reliability. The master unit identifies faulty poles in the network based on the variation of current and voltage of each node and calculates the distance between the station and the faulty node to reduce manual effort. In the proposed work, many sensors are used to detect the line fault in a network by placing the appropriate point. The pure information can be transferred to an authorized person or unit after many iterations due to knowledgeable devices. The faulty status of the pole information is displayed in the control unit by a display unit comprised of an alarm unit to alert the corresponding section using ZigBee techniques. The GSM unit provides the faulty status of an authorized person to rectify the problems immediately which further improve the reliability of the system. When compared to existing methods, our hybrid proposed method achieves a higher accuracy of 90%. This method aids to reduce the labor costs gradually to visit all-pole points instead of faulty pole points and thereby increasing the reliability of the electrical consumers.

The Construction and Development of Comprehensive Test Centre Based on Real Transmission Line

2013 ◽  
Vol 330 ◽  
pp. 163-171
Author(s):  
Xiao Hui Yang ◽  
Dong Yan ◽  
Yu Sheng Zheng ◽  
Xiao Kuo Kou
Keyword(s):  
Transmission Line ◽  
Transmission Lines ◽  
Low Frequency ◽  
Line Length ◽  
Ice Accretion ◽  
Overhead Transmission Line ◽  
Function Design ◽  
Comprehensive Test ◽  
Grid Operation ◽  
Natural Climate

Galloping of overhead transmission line is a low-frequency, large amplitude, wind-induced vibrations of both single and bundle of overhead transmission lines, which have been one of the largest threaten for the security and stability of power grid operation. On account of the uncertainty and probability of galloping events happening, most of the study on transmission line galloping had still stayed on simulation or model test, only less of the study were in accordance with the accident records on-site. Several ten years study on conductor galloping had been proved that the laboratory built on real transmission line was the essential foundation and the effective condition for the systemic study on galloping. Comprehensive Test Centre based on Real Transmission Line (CTC for short) is the first laboratory focus on the study of conductor galloping and ice-accretion. whose content of tower type,conductor arrangement and transmission line length, currently have been the most abundant in worldwide. The establishment of the Comprehensive test centre have been very important on promoting the fundamental and systemic study in the relative field. Since the frequent conductor galloping under the condition of natural climate achieved successfully, CTC have developed several essential and valuable scientific projects. In this paper, CTC would be introduced from the aspects of basic facilities configuration, mainly function design and implementation, focal capabilities and some study outcomes at moment.

scholarly journals Random recurrent networks near criticality capture the broadband power distribution of human ECoG dynamics

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rishidev Chaudhuri ◽  
Biyu He ◽  
Xiao-Jing Wang
Keyword(s):  
Power Spectrum ◽  
Power Distribution ◽  
Random Network ◽  
Field Potential ◽  
Power Spectra ◽  
Low Frequency ◽  
Recurrent Network ◽  
Network Activity ◽  
Brain Diseases ◽  
Low Frequency Power

The power spectrum of brain electric field potential recordings is dominated by an arrhythmic broadband signal but a mechanistic account of its underlying neural network dynamics is lacking. Here we show how the broadband power spectrum of field potential recordings can be explained by a simple random network of nodes near criticality. Such a recurrent network produces activity with a combination of a fast and a slow autocorrelation time constant, with the fast mode corresponding to local dynamics and the slow mode resulting from recurrent excitatory connections across the network. These modes are combined to produce a power spectrum similar to that observed in human intracranial EEG (i.e., electrocorticography, ECoG) recordings. Moreover, such a network naturally converts input correlations across nodes into temporal autocorrelation of the network activity. Consequently, increased independence between nodes results in a reduction in low-frequency power, which offers a possible explanation for observed changes in ECoG power spectra during task performance. Lastly, changes in network coupling produce changes in network activity power spectra reminiscent of those seen in human ECoG recordings across different arousal states. This model thus links macroscopic features of the empirical ECoG power spectrum to a parsimonious underlying network structure and proposes potential mechanisms for changes in ECoG power spectra observed across behavioral and arousal states. This provides a computational framework within which to generate and test hypotheses about the cellular and network mechanisms underlying whole brain electrical dynamics, their variations across behavioral states as well as abnormalities associated with brain diseases.

MODELING OF THE PROCESS FOR MEASUREMENT OF INTERFACE POSITION BETWEEN TWO MEDIA IN A TANK BY USING RADIOFREQUENCY METHOD

2017 ◽  
pp. 111-121
Author(s):  
Alexey Alexeyevich Maslov ◽  
Alexander Mikhailovich Prokhorenkov ◽  
Alexander Sergeyevich Sovlukov ◽  
Victoria Vladimirovna Yatsenko
Keyword(s):  
Transmission Line ◽  
Transmission Lines ◽  
Electromagnetic Waves ◽  
Coaxial Line ◽  
Measurement Process ◽  
Electrical Parameters ◽  
Interface Position ◽  
Resonance Frequencies ◽  
Measurement Results ◽  
The Difference

The article describes modeling of the process for measurement of interface position between two media, in particular two immiscible liquids with different density, one over the other, contained in a tank using radiofrequency method. In this case it is provided invariance of measurement results to electrical parameters of both media. Independent sections of transmission lines with end horizontal sections are used as sensors. To provide invariance to electrical parameters of the lower medium there are used natural resonance frequencies of the two sections of a transmission line or phase shifts of electromagnetic waves with fixed frequency excited and received at the section inputs and reflected from section ends. Functional conversion of informative parameters helps to determine interface position between two media in the tank. In the modeled measurement process in order to provide invariance to electrical parameters of two liquids there are placed vertically three sections of a coaxial or two-wire transmission line. Due to the availability of horizontal end sections at all three transmission line sections, there is no uncertainty of measurement results when measuring the interface position at its zero-, or close to zero, readings in the course of functional processing of resonance frequencies of the three transmission line sections. These sections may be done identical with equal end horizontal parts of a fixed length but with different reactive loads at the ends of horizontal parts. Between parallel outer conductors of coaxial line sections up to the ends of their horizontal parts, electromagnetic oscillations are excited as in a two-conductor line section having end reactive load that is different from the end reactive loads of coaxial line sections. This provides the difference of three dependencies of corresponding resonance frequencies on coordinate of interface position between two media. Determination of interface position in the modeled measurement process on the base of this method is characterized by higher measurement accuracy, easy realization of radiofrequency devices and is free from shortcomings of other radiofrequency methods.

Composite right/left-handed transmission line with array of thermocouples for generating terahertz radiation

2020 ◽  
Vol 92 (2) ◽  
pp. 20502
Author(s):  
Behrokh Beiranvand ◽  
Alexander S. Sobolev ◽  
Anton V. Kudryashov
Keyword(s):  
Transmission Line ◽  
Terahertz Radiation ◽  
Transmission Lines ◽  
Software Package ◽  
Optical Pulses ◽  
Capacitively Coupled ◽  
Voltage Difference ◽  
Left Handed ◽  
Microwave Transmission ◽  
Commercial Software Package

We present a new concept of the thermoelectric structure that generates microwave and terahertz signals when illuminated by femtosecond optical pulses. The structure consists of a series array of capacitively coupled thermocouples. The array acts as a hybrid type microwave transmission line with anomalous dispersion and phase velocity higher than the velocity of light. This allows for adding up the responces from all the thermocouples in phase. The array is easily integrable with microstrip transmission lines. Dispersion curves obtained from both the lumped network scheme and numerical simulations are presented. The connection of the thermocouples is a composite right/left-handed transmission line, which can receive terahertz radiation from the transmission line ports. The radiation of the photon to the surface of the thermocouple structure causes a voltage difference with the bandwidth of terahertz. We examined a lossy composite right/left-handed transmission line to extract the circuit elements. The calculated properties of the design are extracted by employing commercial software package CST STUDIO SUITE.

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