MODELING OF THE PROCESS FOR MEASUREMENT OF INTERFACE POSITION BETWEEN TWO MEDIA IN A TANK BY USING RADIOFREQUENCY METHOD

2017 ◽  
pp. 111-121
Author(s):  
Alexey Alexeyevich Maslov ◽  
Alexander Mikhailovich Prokhorenkov ◽  
Alexander Sergeyevich Sovlukov ◽  
Victoria Vladimirovna Yatsenko
Keyword(s):  
Transmission Line ◽  
Transmission Lines ◽  
Electromagnetic Waves ◽  
Coaxial Line ◽  
Measurement Process ◽  
Electrical Parameters ◽  
Interface Position ◽  
Resonance Frequencies ◽  
Measurement Results ◽  
The Difference

The article describes modeling of the process for measurement of interface position between two media, in particular two immiscible liquids with different density, one over the other, contained in a tank using radiofrequency method. In this case it is provided invariance of measurement results to electrical parameters of both media. Independent sections of transmission lines with end horizontal sections are used as sensors. To provide invariance to electrical parameters of the lower medium there are used natural resonance frequencies of the two sections of a transmission line or phase shifts of electromagnetic waves with fixed frequency excited and received at the section inputs and reflected from section ends. Functional conversion of informative parameters helps to determine interface position between two media in the tank. In the modeled measurement process in order to provide invariance to electrical parameters of two liquids there are placed vertically three sections of a coaxial or two-wire transmission line. Due to the availability of horizontal end sections at all three transmission line sections, there is no uncertainty of measurement results when measuring the interface position at its zero-, or close to zero, readings in the course of functional processing of resonance frequencies of the three transmission line sections. These sections may be done identical with equal end horizontal parts of a fixed length but with different reactive loads at the ends of horizontal parts. Between parallel outer conductors of coaxial line sections up to the ends of their horizontal parts, electromagnetic oscillations are excited as in a two-conductor line section having end reactive load that is different from the end reactive loads of coaxial line sections. This provides the difference of three dependencies of corresponding resonance frequencies on coordinate of interface position between two media. Determination of interface position in the modeled measurement process on the base of this method is characterized by higher measurement accuracy, easy realization of radiofrequency devices and is free from shortcomings of other radiofrequency methods.

scholarly journals Analysis on the Influence of Transmission Lines span on Passive Interference in Shortwave

2018 ◽  
Vol 64 ◽  
pp. 05004
Author(s):  
Ying Lu ◽  
Zhibin Zhao ◽  
Jian gong Zhang ◽  
Zheyuan Gan
Keyword(s):  
Electromagnetic Field ◽  
Transmission Line ◽  
Transmission Lines ◽  
Electromagnetic Scattering ◽  
Electromagnetic Waves ◽  
Short Wave ◽  
Critical Distance ◽  
Observation Point ◽  
Radio Station ◽  
Passive Interference

The passive interference of transmission lines to nearby radio stations may affect the effective reception and transmission of radio station signals. Therefore, the accurate calculation of the electromagnetic scattering of transmission lines under the condition of external electromagnetic waves is the basis for determining the reasonable avoidance spacing of the two. For passive stations operating in short-wave frequencies, passive interference is mainly generated by the tower, and span is one of the most significant factors affecting passive interference. This paper uses the method of moments to carry out the passive interference calculations under normal circumstances, expounds the method of calculating the electromagnetic field of transmission line at the same time. And elaborates the method for calculating the electromagnetic field of the transmission line, obtains the space electric field intensity of the transmission line at the same working frequency and space location of the plane wave. Applying the approximate formula to calculate the formula for the span and critical distance between the observation point and the transmission line.

scholarly journals Analysis on the Influence of the Height of Tower on Passive Interference in shortwave

2018 ◽  
Vol 64 ◽  
pp. 05005
Author(s):  
Ying Lu ◽  
Zhibin Zhao ◽  
Jian gong Zhang ◽  
Zheyuan Gan
Keyword(s):  
Transmission Line ◽  
Method Of Moments ◽  
Transmission Lines ◽  
Electromagnetic Scattering ◽  
Electromagnetic Waves ◽  
Short Wave ◽  
Radio Station ◽  
Radio Stations ◽  
Working Frequency ◽  
Passive Interference

The passive interference of transmission lines to nearby radio stations may affect the effective reception and transmission of radio station signals. Therefore, the accurate calculation of the electromagnetic scattering of transmission lines under the condition of external electromagnetic waves is the basis for determining the reasonable avoidance spacing of the two. For passive stations operating in short-wave frequencies, passive interference is mainly generated by the tower. This paper uses the method of moments to perform passive interference calculations under normal circumstances, And elaborates the method for calculating the electromagnetic field of the transmission line, obtains the space electric field intensity of the transmission line at the same working frequency and space location of the plane wave. Uses the approximate formula to inductive the formula for calculating height of tower and the protective distance.

scholarly journals Variations in Velocity and Sensitivity of Electromagnetic Waves in Transmission Lines Configured in Model Piles with Necking Defects Containing Soils

Sensors ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (22) ◽  
pp. 6541
Author(s):  
Jung-Doung Yu ◽  
Sang Yeob Kim ◽  
Jong-Sub Lee
Keyword(s):  
Transmission Line ◽  
Transmission Lines ◽  
Time Domain ◽  
Electromagnetic Waves ◽  
Electrical Wire ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Bored Piles ◽  
Time Domain Reflectometer ◽  
Water Contents ◽  
Soil Water Contents

This study investigates variations in the velocity and sensitivity of electromagnetic waves in transmission lines configured in defective model piles for the detection of necking defects containing soil. Experiments are performed with model piles containing defects filled with different materials, such as air, sands, and clay. Five different types of transmission lines are configured in model piles. The electromagnetic waves are generated and detected using a time domain reflectometer. The velocity of electromagnetic waves is highest when the defect is filled with air, and it decreases with an increase in the water content. The velocity is lowest when the defect is filled with clay. The sensitivity of transmission lines for detecting defects decreases with an increase in soil water contents. The transmission line with a single electrical wire and epoxy-coated rebar exhibits the highest sensitivity, followed by that with three and two parallel electrical wires. Transmission lines with a single electrical wire and uncoated rebar and those with two parallel electrical wires wrapped with a sheath exhibit poor sensitivity when the defect is filled with clay. This study demonstrates that electromagnetic waves can be effective tools for detecting necking defects with wet and conductive soils in bored piles.

The Analysis of a Transmission Line Crosstalk in the Time Domain Based on First-Order Upwind

2014 ◽  
Vol 543-547 ◽  
pp. 813-816
Author(s):  
Yin Han Gao ◽  
Tian Hao Wang ◽  
Jun Dong Zhang ◽  
Kai Yu Yang ◽  
Yu Zhu
Keyword(s):  
Transmission Line ◽  
Transmission Lines ◽  
Time Domain ◽  
Splitting Method ◽  
Discontinuous Solution ◽  
Characteristic Line ◽  
First Order ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Leapfrog Scheme ◽  
The Time Domain

This article will combine the difference scheme of first-order upwind with the multi-conductor transmission lines equation to analysis the multi-conductor transmission lines crosstalk in the time domain. First-order upwind is a finite difference algorithm in the time domain; it has a first order accuracy, in the discontinuous solution there is no non-physics-oscillation, when simulate the signal. The flux splitting method which is applied to the first-order upwind solved the problem that the characteristic line direction of the wind type make plus or minus transformation along with the coefficient, make the programming simple. In this paper, simulation results of transmission line crosstalk in this algorithm will be compared with the traditional leapfrog scheme, to verify its effectiveness.

scholarly journals Usage of the contactless vector network analysis with varying transmission line geometries

2008 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
pp. 19-25 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. Zelder ◽  
B. Geck ◽  
I. Rolfes ◽  
H. Eul
Keyword(s):  
Network Analysis ◽  
Transmission Line ◽  
Transmission Lines ◽  
Substrate Material ◽  
Contactless Measurement ◽  
Coupling Coefficients ◽  
Scattering Parameters ◽  
Embedded Devices ◽  
Measurement Results ◽  
Planar Transmission Lines

Abstract. The scattering parameters of embedded devices can be measured by means of contactless vector network analysis. To achieve accurate measurement results, the contactless measurement setup has to be calibrated. However, if the substrate material or the planar transmission lines on the substrate changes, a new calibration is necessary. In this paper a method will be examined, which reduces the number of calibration cycles by using a database. Analytical results show that by using this database method, errors occur which depend on the coupling coefficients and on the load impedances of the contactless probes. However, the measurement results show deviations smaller than 7% in comparison to the conventional vector network analysis, which is sufficient for the most pratical applications.

Transmission Line and Its Implementation

2019 ◽  
pp. 39-55
Author(s):  
Pampa Debnath ◽  
Arpan Deyasi
Keyword(s):  
Transmission Line ◽  
Transmission Lines ◽  
Power Distribution ◽  
Coplanar Waveguide ◽  
Low Frequency ◽  
Coaxial Line ◽  
Electric Circuit ◽  
Radio Broadcasting ◽  
Unbounded Media ◽  
Low Frequency Power

In unbounded media, wave propagation is supposed to be unguided. The existence of uniform plane wave is considered to be all through the space. Electromagnetic energy related with the wave stretched over a broad area. In TV and radio broadcasting, unbounded medium propagation of the wave is required. Here transmission of information is destined for one and all who may be interested. Another way of transmitting information is by guided media. Guided media acts to direct the transmission of energy from transmitter to receiver. Transmission lines are usually used in low frequency power distribution and in high frequency communications as well as in the ethernet and internet in computer networks. Two or more parallel conductors may be used to construct a transmission line, which connects source to a load. Typical transmission lines consist of coaxial line, waveguide, microstrip line, coplanar waveguide, etc. In this chapter, problems related with transmission lines are solved with the help of EM field theory and electric circuit theory.

scholarly journals LOSSY TRANSMISSION LINES TERMINATED BY PARALLEL CONNECTED RLC-ELEMENTS WITHOUT THE HEAVISIDE’S CONDITION

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-13
Author(s):  
Vasil G. Angelov
Keyword(s):  
Transmission Line ◽  
Mixed Problem ◽  
Hyperbolic System ◽  
Transmission Lines ◽  
Electromagnetic Waves ◽  
Neutral Type ◽  
Generalized Solution ◽  
Line System ◽  
Lossy Transmission ◽  
Transverse Electromagnetic

The paper deals with analysis of propagation of transverse electromagnetic waves along lossy transmission lines terminated by a circuit consisting of parallel connected RLCelements. Using the Kirchhoff’s laws we derive boundary conditions and formulate the mixed problem for hyperbolic system describing the lossy transmission line. Without the Heaviside's condition, we cannot guarantee the distortionless propagation of waves and hence we cannot apply the known methods. That is why we apply a different method and obtain conditions for existence-uniqueness of generalized solution. We change variables and formulate a mixed problem for the hyperbolic system with respect to the new variables. The nonlinear characteristics of the RLC-elements generate nonlinearity in the equations of neutral type on the boundary. We propose an operator presentation of the mixed problem for transmission line system and by means of fixed point technique we prove existence-uniqueness of a generalized solution.

scholarly journals LOSSY TRANSMISSION LINES TERMINATED BY PARALLEL CONNECTED RLC-ELEMENTS WITHOUT THE HEAVISIDE’S CONDITION

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-13 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vasil G. Angelov
Keyword(s):  
Transmission Line ◽  
Mixed Problem ◽  
Hyperbolic System ◽  
Transmission Lines ◽  
Electromagnetic Waves ◽  
Neutral Type ◽  
Generalized Solution ◽  
Line System ◽  
Lossy Transmission ◽  
Transverse Electromagnetic

The paper deals with analysis of propagation of transverse electromagnetic waves along lossy transmission lines terminated by a circuit consisting of parallel connected RLCelements. Using the Kirchhoff’s laws we derive boundary conditions and formulate the mixed problem for hyperbolic system describing the lossy transmission line. Without the Heaviside's condition, we cannot guarantee the distortionless propagation of waves and hence we cannot apply the known methods. That is why we apply a different method and obtain conditions for existence-uniqueness of generalized solution. We change variables and formulate a mixed problem for the hyperbolic system with respect to the new variables. The nonlinear characteristics of the RLC-elements generate nonlinearity in the equations of neutral type on the boundary. We propose an operator presentation of the mixed problem for transmission line system and by means of fixed point technique we prove existence-uniqueness of a generalized solution.

scholarly journals Probabilistic Assessment of Lightning Related Risk of Transmission Lines Based on Frequency Dependent Modeling of Tower-Footing Grounding System

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 41-50
Author(s):  
J. Gholinejhad ◽  
R. Shariatinasab ◽  
K. Sheshyekani
Keyword(s):  
Transmission Line ◽  
Transmission Lines ◽  
Wide Band ◽  
Band Model ◽  
Method Of Moment ◽  
Electrical Parameters ◽  
Frequency Dependent ◽  
Grounding System ◽  
Wide Band Model ◽  
The Time Domain

This paper presents a probabilistic evaluation, based on Monte-Carlo method, for the estimation of insulation risk of failure of overhead transmission lines (TLs). The proposed method takes into account the wide-band model of tower-footing grounding system. The wide-band model of grounding system in frequency domain is obtained by the method of moment solution to the governing electrical field integral equations. The electrical parameters of soil are considered to be either constant or frequency dependent. The time-domain representation of the grounding system is inferred through pole-zero characterization of its associated frequency response. The case of a typical 400-kV transmission line is modelled in EMTP_RV with the tower-footing grounding system integrated with the transmission line (TL) system. The results of the paper show that the failure risk of transmission lines is affected by the grounding system model. This effect is more pronounced when the soil electrical parameters are assumed to be frequency dependent.

Composite right/left-handed transmission line with array of thermocouples for generating terahertz radiation

2020 ◽  
Vol 92 (2) ◽  
pp. 20502
Author(s):  
Behrokh Beiranvand ◽  
Alexander S. Sobolev ◽  
Anton V. Kudryashov
Keyword(s):  
Transmission Line ◽  
Terahertz Radiation ◽  
Transmission Lines ◽  
Software Package ◽  
Optical Pulses ◽  
Capacitively Coupled ◽  
Voltage Difference ◽  
Left Handed ◽  
Microwave Transmission ◽  
Commercial Software Package

We present a new concept of the thermoelectric structure that generates microwave and terahertz signals when illuminated by femtosecond optical pulses. The structure consists of a series array of capacitively coupled thermocouples. The array acts as a hybrid type microwave transmission line with anomalous dispersion and phase velocity higher than the velocity of light. This allows for adding up the responces from all the thermocouples in phase. The array is easily integrable with microstrip transmission lines. Dispersion curves obtained from both the lumped network scheme and numerical simulations are presented. The connection of the thermocouples is a composite right/left-handed transmission line, which can receive terahertz radiation from the transmission line ports. The radiation of the photon to the surface of the thermocouple structure causes a voltage difference with the bandwidth of terahertz. We examined a lossy composite right/left-handed transmission line to extract the circuit elements. The calculated properties of the design are extracted by employing commercial software package CST STUDIO SUITE.

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