Land Degradation and Biodiversity Loss in Southeast Asia

2011 ◽  
pp. 303-327 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rajendra P. Shrestha
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Southeast Asia ◽  
Plant Diversity ◽  
Land Degradation ◽  
Biodiversity Loss ◽  
Geographic Region ◽  
First Case ◽  
Lower Mekong Basin ◽  
The Face

Land degradation and biodiversity loss are important global change issues because of their enormous effect on the functioning of ecosystem. Despite the fact that there have been tremendous concerns on land degradation and biodiversity loss for nearly two decades, there is still the need of having a sound data and information base, specifically in developing countries. The need has been more pronounced in the face of climate change as these three issues are intricately interlinked. Southeast Asia is an important geographic region from all these perspectives, as it has high biodiversity on the verge of rapid loss, continuing rapid land degradation due to desire of higher economic development, and of climate change importance with a large tract of forest areas in the region. This chapter, first of all, examines general status of land degradation and biodiversity in the region and goes on presenting two case studies. The first case study, based on secondary data, presents land degradation assessment in the Lower Mekong Basin demonstrating the use of spatial data and technologies and various land degradation indicators. The second case study specifically documents plant diversity and examines the relationship of plant diversity with biomass and soil erosion by making use of field surveyed primary data. Both studies aim at producing additional information which can help make better landuse allocation and planning for ecosystem maintenance without compromising much on regional or local livelihood through production.

scholarly journals Mind the gap: Coping with delay in environmental governance

AMBIO ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 49 (5) ◽  
pp. 1067-1075 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mikael Karlsson ◽  
Michael Gilek
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Environmental Governance ◽  
Biodiversity Loss ◽  
Goal Achievement ◽  
Science And Policy ◽  
Policy Review ◽  
Policy Goals ◽  
State Of The Environment ◽  
New Framework

Abstract Gaps between public policy goals and the state of the environment are often significant. However, while goal failures in environmental governance are studied in a number of disciplines, the knowledge on the various causes behind delayed goal achievement is still incomplete. In this article we propose a new framework for analysis of delay mechanisms in science and policy, with the intention to provide a complementary lens for describing, analysing and counteracting delay in environmental governance. The framework is based on case-study findings from recent research focusing on goal-failures in policies for climate change, hazardous chemicals, biodiversity loss and eutrophication. It is also related to previous research on science and policy processes and their interactions. We exemplify the framework with two delay mechanisms that we consider particularly important to highlight—denial of science and decision thresholds. We call for further research in the field, for development of the framework, and not least for increased attention to delay mechanisms in environmental policy review and development on national as well as international levels.

scholarly journals Climate change and land degradation in Africa: a case study in the Mount Elgon region, Uganda

2014 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 39-53 ◽  
Author(s):  
Boyi Jiang ◽  
Yazidhi Bamutaze ◽  
Petter Pilesjö
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Land Degradation ◽  
Mount Elgon

scholarly journals Developing Value Innovation Strategy In The "Blue Ocean Shift" Framework At The Flat Glass Industry In Indonesia

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 47
Author(s):  
Rudy Subagio
Keyword(s):  
Southeast Asia ◽  
Glass Industry ◽  
Glass Factory ◽  
Flat Glass ◽  
Value Innovation ◽  
Exploratory Case Study ◽  
Two Factors ◽  
The Face ◽  
Basic Concepts

Competition in the flat glass market in Indonesia since 2015 has been increasingly severe because much imported glass has entered Indonesia. The rapid rate of imported glass is due to two factors:  the enactment of the free trade pact in Southeast Asia and the expansion of the Chinese glass factory that built new factories in the Southeast Asia region, especially in Malaysia. Most of the imported glass entering Indonesia is commodity glass at a lower than local products, so they have begun to take a portion of the market share of local products. This competition is getting more onerous because the local flat glass industry has difficulties in reducing the price to be equal or lower than competitors' price due to the production cost structure is already too high. This research explores the basic concepts of strategies carried out by local flat glass companies in the face of competition in the flat glass industry. This is based on the concept of value innovation in the framework of “blue ocean shift.”  The research method used is an exploratory case study draws on an in-depth field study conducted in a local flat glass company based in Indonesia. 

scholarly journals Keeping ahead of floods and droughts: a case study of Sdau Kaong Commune, Cambodia

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Sopharo Oum
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Natural Hazards ◽  
Environmental Changes ◽  
Lao Pdr ◽  
Water Levels ◽  
Participatory Action ◽  
The Face ◽  
Floods And Droughts ◽  
Outstanding Question

<p>The Lower Mekong Basin covers four countries, Lao PDR, Thailand, Cambodia and Vietnam. These countries are often affected by floods and sometimes by droughts. These natural hazards silently and adversely affect people’s livelihoods in the region. In the face of future environmental changes, especially climate change and dam construction along the Mekong River, patterns of floods and droughts are more likely to exacerbate the situation. For this case study of a vulnerable commune in this setting, I developed a hybrid model of the development and complexity paradigms to both organise my research data and extend my analysis. This holistic hybrid paradigm enabled me to explore the interrelationships between natural hazards, disasters, and vulnerability, and adopt a multidisciplinary approach in which I attempt to integrate disaster risk management and climate change adaptation models to highlight problems and to propose interventions. The results obtained indicate that in the future floods and droughts are likely to be more frequent and severe and just what impact additional dams currently being planned or built will have over the control of water levels remains an outstanding question. Plans need to be made to enable people to cope with floods and droughts because these can have a hugely detrimental impact on their livelihoods including crops and personal property, people, community infrastructure and environment. Although current coping strategies are in place, disasters still occur. Based on the vulnerability context of the Sustainable Livelihoods Framework and the Pressure and Release (PAR) model, I was able to show how vulnerability is exacerbated by dissonant social, economic, and political structures. This research also proposes an integrated framework, including adaptive management and participatory action research, as a way of monitoring interventions that could possibly resolve some of the challenges.</p>

scholarly journals Supporting plant diversity and conservation through landscape planning: A case study in an agro-tourism landscape in Tampusu, North Sulawesi, Indonesia

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Fabiola Baby Saroinsong
Keyword(s):  
Plant Diversity ◽  
Landscape Planning ◽  
Landscape Management ◽  
Biodiversity Loss ◽  
Species Selection ◽  
Field Surveys ◽  
Management Actions ◽  
North Sulawesi ◽  
Green Vegetation

Abstract. Saroinsong FB. 2020. Supporting plant diversity and conservation through landscape planning: a case study in an agro-tourism landscape in Tampusu, North Sulawesi, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 21: 1518-1526. Plants are one of the living elements of a landscape which have dynamic characteristics. In the green/vegetation concept, the diversity of plants becomes vital in landscape planning to articulate the ecological, socio-cultural, and economic aspects in effort to mitigate biodiversity loss. The aim of this study is to illustrate the application of the green concept when planning an agro-tourism landscape in Tampusu region, North Sulawesi, Indonesia which demonstrates the function and utilization of plants in landscape management while paying attention to plant diversity. Data collection was conducted by field surveys, interviews, and literature studies. Data collected and analyzed included the existing conditions of site, site history, planning goal, topography, flora and fauna, climate, existing facilities and utilities, and area management. Based on its function, the green concept in landscape planning in Tampusu agro-tourism grouped plant diversity into four functions, namely production, ecological, architectural, and aesthetic functions. The ecological aspect of plant species selection (both existing species and added species) was based on the consideration of the plant's function in the landscape with special consideration of its contribution to plant diversity and conservation including those considered as endemic species. There are architectural function for examples Goodyera celebica, Racemobambos celebica, Ficus minahassae, Pterospermum celebicum, Diospyros celebica; ecological function for examples F. minahassae, Clerodendrum minahassae, Vatica celebica, Myristica minahassae, Diospyros minahassae, Korthalsia celebica, Licuala celebica, Aquilaria beccariana, Kibatalia wigmanii, Lithocarpus celebica; production function for examples Musa celebica, Musa acuminafe; aesthetic function for examples C. minahassae, Ixora celebica, D. celebica, R. celebica, Phalaenopsis celebensis. This study demonstrates that the application of the green concept in landscape planning can help to translate plant diversity and conservation into management actions, especially in agro-tourism landscape.

Conversion of Norway spruce forests in the face of climate change: a case study in Central Europe

2017 ◽  
Vol 136 (5-6) ◽  
pp. 1013-1028 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tomáš Hlásny ◽  
Ivan Barka ◽  
Joerg Roessiger ◽  
Ladislav Kulla ◽  
Jiří Trombik ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Norway Spruce ◽  
Central Europe ◽  
Spruce Forests ◽  
The Face

scholarly journals Keeping ahead of floods and droughts: a case study of Sdau Kaong Commune, Cambodia

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Sopharo Oum
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Natural Hazards ◽  
Environmental Changes ◽  
Lao Pdr ◽  
Water Levels ◽  
Participatory Action ◽  
The Face ◽  
Floods And Droughts ◽  
Outstanding Question

<p>The Lower Mekong Basin covers four countries, Lao PDR, Thailand, Cambodia and Vietnam. These countries are often affected by floods and sometimes by droughts. These natural hazards silently and adversely affect people’s livelihoods in the region. In the face of future environmental changes, especially climate change and dam construction along the Mekong River, patterns of floods and droughts are more likely to exacerbate the situation. For this case study of a vulnerable commune in this setting, I developed a hybrid model of the development and complexity paradigms to both organise my research data and extend my analysis. This holistic hybrid paradigm enabled me to explore the interrelationships between natural hazards, disasters, and vulnerability, and adopt a multidisciplinary approach in which I attempt to integrate disaster risk management and climate change adaptation models to highlight problems and to propose interventions. The results obtained indicate that in the future floods and droughts are likely to be more frequent and severe and just what impact additional dams currently being planned or built will have over the control of water levels remains an outstanding question. Plans need to be made to enable people to cope with floods and droughts because these can have a hugely detrimental impact on their livelihoods including crops and personal property, people, community infrastructure and environment. Although current coping strategies are in place, disasters still occur. Based on the vulnerability context of the Sustainable Livelihoods Framework and the Pressure and Release (PAR) model, I was able to show how vulnerability is exacerbated by dissonant social, economic, and political structures. This research also proposes an integrated framework, including adaptive management and participatory action research, as a way of monitoring interventions that could possibly resolve some of the challenges.</p>

scholarly journals INOVASI NILAI DALAM KERANGKA PERGERSERAN SAMUDERA BIRU (BLUE OCEAN SHIFT) PADA INDUSTRI KACA LEMBARAN DI INDONESIA

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Rudy Subagio
Keyword(s):  
Southeast Asia ◽  
Glass Industry ◽  
Market Competition ◽  
Flat Glass ◽  
Value Innovation ◽  
The Face ◽  
Generic Strategy ◽  
Basic Concepts ◽  
Insight Into

ABSTRACTCompetition in the flat glass market in Indonesia since 2015 has been increasingly severe because much-imported glass has entered Indonesia. The rapid rate of imported glass entering Indonesia is caused by the enactment of the free trade pact in southeast Asia and secondly because of the expansion of the Chinese glass industry that built new factories in the Southeast Asia region, especially in Malaysia. Most of the imported glass entering Indonesia is commodity glass with a lower price compared to local products, while the local industry has difficulties in competing for the price because the production cost is already high. This research aims to explore the basic concepts of strategies carried out by local flat glass companies in the domestic market competition based on the value innovation concept in the framework of “Blue Ocean Shift”. The method is an exploratory case study draws on an in-depth field study conducted in a local flat glass company based in Indonesia. The results show that the Blue Ocean Strategy is more appropriate to be used in the face of competition in the flat glass market compared to the Porter generic strategy used by PT Alpha Glass today. Thus, this research is expected to provide insight into the implementation of the Blue Ocean Strategy in the glass industry comprehensively to assist Alpha Glass in determining future strategic directions.Keywords: Value Innovation, Flat Glass Industry, Blue Ocean Shift ABSTRAKPersaingan di pasar kaca lembaran di Indonesia sejak tahun 2015 semakin berat dengan masuknya kaca impor dari luar. Pesatnya laju impor kaca yang masuk ke Indonesia disebabkan oleh setidaknya dua faktor, pertama karena diberlakukannya pakta perdagangan bebas di Asia Tenggara dan kedua karena ekspansi pabrik kaca China yang membangun pabrik-pabrik baru di wilayah Asia Tenggara, khususnya di Malaysia. Sebagian besar kaca impor yang masuk ke Indonesia adalah kaca komoditas dengan harga lebih rendah dibandingkan dengan produk lokal, sementara industri kaca lembaran lokal mengalami kesulitan untuk menurunkan harga karena struktur biaya produksi sudah terlanjur tinggi. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengeksplorasi konsep dasar strategi yang dilakukan oleh perusahaan kaca lembaran lokal dalam menghadapi persaingan di pasar kaca lembaran berdasarkan konsep inovasi nilai dalam kerangka "pergeseran samudra biru". Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah studi kasus dengan  melakukan studi lapangan secara mendalam pada perusahaan kaca lembaran lokal yang berbasis di Indonesia. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa Strategi Samudra Biru lebih tepat digunakan dalam menghadapi persaingan di pasar kaca lembaran saat ini dibandingkan dengan strategi generik Porter yang saat ini digunakan oleh PT Alpha Glass. Dengan demikian penelitian ini diharapkan dapat memberikan wawasan mengenai implementasi Strategi Samudra Biru pada industri kaca secara lengkap dan komprehensif bagi manajemen Alpha Glass dalam menentukan arah strategi kedepannya. Kata kunci: Inovasi Nilai, Industri Kaca Lembaran, Pergeseran Samudra Biru

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