Cryptographic and Steganographic Approaches to Ensure Multimedia Information Security and Privacy

Cyber Crime ◽  
2013 ◽  
pp. 979-997
Author(s):  
Ming Yang ◽  
Monica Trifas ◽  
Guillermo Francia ◽  
Lei Chen
Keyword(s):  
Information Security ◽  
Information Hiding ◽  
Data Encryption ◽  
Video Data ◽  
Security And Privacy ◽  
Secret Message ◽  
Security Level ◽  
Video Encryption ◽  
Multimedia Contents ◽  
Generic Data

Information security and privacy have traditionally been ensured with data encryption techniques. Generic data encryption standards, such as DES, RSA, AES, are not very efficient in the encryption of multimedia contents due to the large volume. In order to address this issue, different image/video encryption methodologies have been developed. These methodologies encrypt only the key parameters of image/video data instead of encrypting it as a bitstream. Joint compression-encryption is a very promising direction for image/video encryption. Nowadays, researchers start to utilize information hiding techniques to enhance the security level of data encryption methodologies. Information hiding conceals not only the content of the secret message, but also its very existence. In terms of the amount of data to be embedded, information hiding methodologies can be classified into low bitrate and high bitrate algorithms. In terms of the domain for embedding, they can be classified into spatial domain and transform domain algorithms. Different categories of information hiding methodologies, as well as data embedding and watermarking strategies for digital video contents, will be reviewed. A joint cryptograph-steganography methodology, which combines both encryption and information hiding techniques to ensure patient information security and privacy in medical images, is also presented.

Cryptographic and Steganographic Approaches to Ensure Multimedia Information Security and Privacy

2009 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 37-54 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ming Yang ◽  
Monica Trifas ◽  
Guillermo Francia III ◽  
Lei Chen
Keyword(s):  
Information Security ◽  
Information Hiding ◽  
Data Encryption ◽  
Video Data ◽  
Security And Privacy ◽  
Secret Message ◽  
Security Level ◽  
Transform Domain ◽  
Video Encryption ◽  
Generic Data

Information security and privacy have traditionally been ensured with data encryption techniques. Generic data encryption standards, such as DES, RSA, AES, are not very efficient in the encryption of multimedia contents due to the large volume. In order to address this issue, different image/video encryption methodologies have been developed. These methodologies encrypt only the key parameters of image/video data instead of encrypting it as a bitstream. Joint compression-encryption is a very promising direction for image/video encryption. Nowadays, researchers start to utilize information hiding techniques to enhance the security level of data encryption methodologies. Information hiding conceals not only the content of the secret message, but also its very existence. In terms of the amount of data to be embedded, information hiding methodologies can be classified into low bitrate and high bitrate algorithms. In terms of the domain for embedding, they can be classified into spatial domain and transform domain algorithms. Different categories of information hiding methodologies, as well as data embedding and watermarking strategies for digital video contents, will be reviewed. A joint cryptograph-steganography methodology, which combines both encryption and information hiding techniques to ensure patient information security and privacy in medical images, is also presented.

Multimedia Information Security and Privacy

2011 ◽  
pp. 214-251
Author(s):  
Ming Yang ◽  
Monica Trifas ◽  
Guillermo Francia ◽  
Lei Chen ◽  
Yongliang Hu
Keyword(s):  
Information Security ◽  
Digital Image ◽  
Information Hiding ◽  
Data Encryption ◽  
Video Data ◽  
Security And Privacy ◽  
Secret Message ◽  
Security Level ◽  
Video Encryption ◽  
High Level

Information security has traditionally been ensured with data encryption techniques. Different generic data encryption standards, such as DES, RSA, AES, have been developed. These encryption standards provide high level of security to the encrypted data. However, they are not very efficient in the encryption of multimedia contents due to the large volume of digital image/video data. In order to address this issue, different image/video encryption methodologies have been developed. These methodologies encrypt only the key parameters of image/video data instead of encrypting it as a bitstream. Joint compression-encryption is a very promising direction for image/video encryption. Nowadays, researchers start to utilize information hiding techniques to enhance the security level of data encryption methodologies. Information hiding conceals not only the content of the secret message, but also its very existence. In terms of the amount of data to be embedded, information hiding methodologies can be classified into low bitrate and high bitrate algorithms. In terms of the domain for embedding, they can be classified into spatial domain and transform domain algorithms. In this chapter, the authors have reviewed various data encryption standards, image/video encryption algorithms, and joint compression-encryption methodologies. Besides, the authors have also presented different categories of information hiding methodologies as well as data embedding strategies for digital image/video contents.

Multimedia Information Security

2011 ◽  
pp. 244-270
Author(s):  
Ming Yang ◽  
Monica Trifas ◽  
Nikolaos Bourbakis ◽  
Lei Chen
Keyword(s):  
Information Security ◽  
Digital Image ◽  
Information Hiding ◽  
Data Encryption ◽  
Video Data ◽  
Security Level ◽  
Video Encryption ◽  
Section 8 ◽  
Encryption Algorithms ◽  
Representative Image

Information security has traditionally been ensured with data encryption techniques. Different generic data encryption standards, such as DES, RSA, AES, have been developed. These encryption standards provide high level of security to the encrypted data. However, they are not very efficient in the encryption of multimedia contents due to the large volume of digital image/video data. In order to address this issue, different image/video encryption methodologies have been developed. These methodologies encrypt only the key parameters of image/video data instead of encrypting it as a bitstream. Joint compression-encryption is a very promising direction for image/video encryption. Nowadays, researchers start to utilize information hiding techniques to enhance the security level of data encryption methodologies. Information hiding conceals not only the content of the secret message, but also its very existence. In terms of the amount of data to be embedded, information hiding methodologies can be classified into low bitrate and high bitrate algorithms. In terms of the domain for embedding, they can be classified into spatial domain and transform domain algorithms. In this chapter, we have reviewed various data encryption standards, image/video encryption algorithms, and joint compression-encryption methodologies. Besides, we have also presented different categories of information hiding methodologies as well as data embedding strategies for digital image/video contents. This chapter is organized as following: in Section-1, we give a brief introduction to data encryption system as well as the state-of-the-art encryption standards; Section-2 presents a review of representative image encryption algorithms; Section-3 first gives a brief introduction of lossless compression and then moves to joint compression-encryption algorithms; Section-4 presents different video encryption methodologies; Section-5 gives a brief introduction to information hiding techniques; Section-6 presents different categories of low bitrate information algorithms; Section-7 presents different categories of high bitrate information algorithms; Section-8 discusses the embedding strategies within digital video contents; this chapter is summarized in Section-9.

A Study on Cloud Storage Security Method Using Data Classification

2021 ◽  
Vol 23 (09) ◽  
pp. 1105-1121
Author(s):  
Dr. Ashish Kumar Tamrakar ◽  
◽  
Dr. Abhishek Verma ◽  
Dr. Vishnu Kumar Mishra ◽  
Dr. Megha Mishra ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cloud Storage ◽  
Storage Systems ◽  
Data Classification ◽  
Data Encryption ◽  
Security Requirements ◽  
Security And Privacy ◽  
Security Level ◽  
Distributed Resources ◽  
Storage Security ◽  
Public Data

Cloud computing is a new model for providing diverse services of software and hardware. This paradigm refers to a model for enabling on-demand network access to a shared pool of configurable computing resources, that can be rapidly provisioned and released with minimal service provider interaction .It helps the organizations and individuals deploy IT resources at a reduced total cost. However, the new approaches introduced by the clouds, related to computation outsourcing, distributed resources and multi-tenancy concept, increase the security and privacy concerns and challenges. It allows users to store their data remotely and then access to them at any time from any place .Cloud storage services are used to store data in ways that are considered cost saving and easy to use. In cloud storage, data are stored on remote servers that are not physically known by the consumer. Thus, users fear from uploading their private and confidential files to cloud storage due to security concerns. The usual solution to secure data is data encryption, which makes cloud users more satisfied when using cloud storage to store their data. Motivated by the above facts; we have proposed a solution to undertake the problem of cloud storage security. In cloud storage, there are public data that do not need any security measures, and there are sensitive data that need applying security mechanisms to keep them safe. In that context, data classification appears as the solution to this problem. The classification of data into classes, with different security requirements for each class is the best way to avoid under security and over security situation. The existing cloud storage systems use the same Journal of University of Shanghai for Science and Technology ISSN: 1007-6735 Volume 23, Issue 9, September – 2021 Page-1105 key size to encrypt all data without taking into consideration its confidentiality level. Treating the low and high confidential data with the same way and at the same security level will add unnecessary overhead and increase the processing time. In our proposal, we have combined the K-NN (K Nearest Neighbors) machine learning method and the goal programming decision-making method, to provide an efficient method for data classification. This method allows data classification according to the data owner security needs. Then, we introduce the user data to the suitable security mechanisms for each class. The use of our solution in cloud storage systems makes the data security process more flexible, besides; it increases the cloud storage system performance and decreases the needed resources, which are used to store the data.

scholarly journals DNA Computing Based Encryption Algorithm for Wireless Multimedia Communication System

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 1441-1445
Keyword(s):  
Communication System ◽  
Dna Computing ◽  
Multimedia Communication ◽  
Data Encryption ◽  
Video Data ◽  
Multimedia Data ◽  
Security Level ◽  
Wireless Multimedia ◽  
Symmetric Key ◽  
Cryptographic Techniques

Transmission of digital images for wireless multimedia communication system requires reliable security in storage which is a challenging task. So many works are carried out to develop and implement the cryptographic techniques for a wireless multimedia communication system. A traditional symmetric key cryptographic algorithm such as Light weight Data Encryption Standard cipher, Advanced Encryption Standard cipher, Triple-DES, Twofish, Blowfish, RC5 etc played a major role to transmit and receive the multimedia (text, image and video) data. Proposed DNA computing based authentication algorithm provides secure transmission of multimedia data by using symmetric key cryptography techniques. DNA computing techniques provides a higher level of security and enables the user to store a large amount of data. Finally, it shows the implemented result analysis the performance of different symmetric key cryptographic techniques using the simulation parameters such as power consumption, key size, processing time, memory space, speed and latency. It also improves the security level by incorporating the advantage of DNA cryptography to achieve a high level of security against various attacks.

scholarly journals Text-based Steganography using Huffman Compression and AES Encryption Algorithm

2021 ◽  
pp. 4110-4120
Author(s):  
Rawaa Hamza Ali ◽  
Jamal Mohamed Kadhim
Keyword(s):  
Original Data ◽  
Security And Privacy ◽  
Secret Message ◽  
Security Level ◽  
Hiding Capacity ◽  
Degree Of Protection ◽  
Confidential Data ◽  
Text Length ◽  
High Degree ◽  
Aes Encryption Algorithm

In every system of security, to keep important data confidential, we need a high degree of protection. Steganography can be defined as a way of sending confidential texts through a secure medium of communications as well as protecting the information during the process of transmission. Steganography is a technology that is used to protect users' security and privacy. Communication is majorly achieved using a network through SMS, e-mail, and so on. The presented work suggested a technology of text hiding for protecting secret texts with Unicode characters. The similarities of glyphs  provided invisibility and increased the hiding capacity. In conclusion, the proposed method succeeded in securing confidential data and achieving high payload capacity by using the Huffman compression algorithm, which was implemented on an unlimited text length. In addition, this approach has the ability to hide a single bit in every digit or letter in the cover file. Also, the approach meets the cognitive transparency and does not make the modifications apparent on the original data. The method suggested in this work increases the security level through coding a secret message before embedding it within the cover text, with the use of the Advanced Encryption Standard (AES) algorithm.

IMPROVE THE PERFORMANCE OF MPEG VIDEO ENCRYPTION ALGORITHM USING MODIFIED RC4 ALGORITHM BASEDON CHAOTIC MAP

2015 ◽  
Vol 75 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ali Abdulgader Mohamed ◽  
Mahamod Ismail ◽  
Nasharuddin Zainal
Keyword(s):  
Data Storage ◽  
Video Compression ◽  
Scheduling Algorithm ◽  
Chaotic Map ◽  
Data Encryption ◽  
Video Data ◽  
Multimedia Data ◽  
Encryption Algorithm ◽  
Video Encryption ◽  
Computational Overhead

With rapid growth in communication techniques and multimedia application, security is becoming more important for multimedia data storage or transmission. Traditional encryption algorithm such as Advance Encryption Standard (AES) and Data Encryption Standard (DES) are not suitable for video data because it caused large computational overhead and reduce the MPEG compression efficiency. The encryption algorithm that has less computation overhead is needed. The proposed algorithm combines encryption process with MPEG video compression. Some modifications of the RC4 algorithm were proposed in this paper to enhance the performance of video encryption algorithm in terms of encryption time, compression ratio and to provide accepted level of the security. The modification of the RC4 algorithm depends on the maximum value of the plain text, chaotic map and circular shift operation. This modification will reduce the number of iteration in the Key scheduling Algorithm (KSA) and make the Pseudo Random Generator Algorithm (PRGA) depend on initial condition of chaotic maps to provide the strong shuffling inside the PRGA. The random rotation technique based on chaotic map is proposed to increase security of MPEG video. This technique depends on the value generated from chaotic map to rotate the Y blocks in I frame. The experimental results indicate that the proposed method provided better encryption times and provides sufficient level of the security. Thus the proposed method is suitable to protect the MPEG video with minimizing the overhead. 

scholarly journals Improved Deep Hiding/Extraction Algorithm to Enhance the Payload Capacity and Security Level of Hidden Information

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Marwa Ahmad ◽  
Nameer N. EL-Emam ◽  
Ali F. AL-Azawi
Keyword(s):  
Data Encryption ◽  
Cover Image ◽  
Secret Message ◽  
Security Level ◽  
Image Size ◽  
Secret Data ◽  
Stego Image ◽  
Colour Image ◽  
Extraction Algorithm ◽  
Payload Capacity

Steganography algorithms have become a significant technique for preventing illegal users from obtaining secret data. In this paper, a deep hiding/extraction algorithm has been improved (IDHEA) to hide a secret message in colour images. The proposed algorithm has been applied to enhance the payload capacity and reduce the time complexity. Modified LSB (MLSB) is based on disseminating secret data randomly on a cover-image and has been proposed to replace a number of bits per byte (Nbpb), up to 4 bits, to increase payload capacity and make it difficult to access the hiding data. The number of levels of the IDHEA algorithm has been specified randomly; each level uses a colour image, and from one level to the next, the image size is expanded, where this algorithm starts with a small size of a cover-image and increases the size of the image gradually or suddenly at the next level, according to an enlargement ratio. Lossless image compression based on the run-length encoding algorithm and Gzip has been applied to enable the size of the data that is hiding at the next level, and data encryption using the Advanced Encryption Standard algorithm (AES) has been introduced at each level to enhance the security level. Thus, the effectiveness of the proposed IDHEA algorithm has been measured at the last level, and the performance of the proposed hiding algorithm has been checked by many statistical and visual measures in terms of the embedding capacity and imperceptibility. Comparisons between the proposed approach and previous work have been implemented; it appears that the intended approach is better than the previously modified LSB algorithms, and it works against visual and statistical attacks with excellent performance achieved by using the detection error (PE). Furthermore, the results confirmed that the stego-image with high imperceptibility has reached even a payload capacity that is large and replaces twelve bits per pixel (12-bpp). Moreover, testing is confirmed in that the proposed algorithm can embed secret data efficiently with better visual quality.

LIGHTWEIGHT ENCRYPTION FOR HIGH EFFICIENCY VIDEO CODING (HEVC)

2017 ◽  
Vol 79 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammed A. Saleh ◽  
Nooritawati Md. Tahir ◽  
Habibah Hashim
Keyword(s):  
Video Coding ◽  
High Efficiency ◽  
Video Data ◽  
Multimedia Data ◽  
Security And Privacy ◽  
Security Level ◽  
Sensitive Information ◽  
High Efficiency Video Coding ◽  
Video Information ◽  
Computational Overhead

Video data are being compressed and distributed using one of several coding standards, among which the most recent and popular is the High Efficiency Video Coding (HEVC) standard. The threatening growth of security attacks, on the other hand, has brought security and privacy concerns to the attention of governments and people as well. In the absence of a reliable security system, shared multimedia data used on the public networks such as the internet will continue to be exposed to different types of attacks, making end-to-end encryption for video data a necessity to protect their sensitive information. Therefore, providing a reliable video security technique that complies to and fulfills the requirements of HEVC is pertinent. In this paper, a fast selective encryption approach is developed to provide protection for video bitstreams of HEVC, which can be used in real-time video applications, with low computational overhead and maintaining the standard’s video bit rate. This approach employs the popular Advance Encryption Standard (AES) algorithm to encrypt selected elements in the horizontal intra prediction modes. Experimental evaluations confirm the provision of adequate security level of video information, with no bitrate increase, no increase in computational delay and no additional impact on the compression performance when compared to non-secure techniques, while also achieving a satisfactory trade-off between the encryption reliability, flexibility, and computational complexity. The security level of this method was found to be strongly secure against plaintext and brute force attacks.

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