Cataloguing and Classification of Library Resources in the 21st Century

2012 ◽  
pp. 313-326 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lydia O. Adedibu ◽  
Evelyn O. Akinboro ◽  
Titilola A. B. Abdussalam
Keyword(s):  
Digital Libraries ◽  
Classification Scheme ◽  
Library Services ◽  
Library Automation ◽  
Library Resources ◽  
Subject Areas ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Faceted Classification

Both traditional and digital libraries are the storehouse of information and indispensable in this age of computerization and digitization of information. As cataloguing is one of the pillars of library services and because cataloguing plays a pivotal role for a successful library operation, a discussion and description of cataloguing process is inevitable. This chapter discusses the steps involved in cataloguing- descriptive, assigning a subject to the document and allocating a classification mark to the picked subject from the subject heading list. It also describes schemes which are specialized and deals only with the subject areas involved, like NLM (National Library of medium) classification scheme and Moys classification for law. The three basic types of classification structure - enumerative, analytic-synthetic, and faceted classification scheme are explained as well. The important activities of library automation, ways of doing copy cataloguing, meaning, procedures, and sources of copy cataloguing are also briefly explained. As automated library system is an important part of libraries nowadays, this chapter further discusses the meaning of computerized cataloguing: the MARC format/records. The role of MARC is also explained in the simplest terms possible as well as the basic information needed to understand MARC record.

scholarly journals On the Cognitive Foundation of Lexical Classification of the Subject World

2020 ◽  
pp. 59-75
Author(s):  
Alexey D. Koshelev ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Human Cognition ◽  
Language Of Thought ◽  
Human Species ◽  
Specific Level ◽  
Human Ability ◽  
The World ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Lexical Classification

The paper presents a language of thought (a set of cognitive units and relations) used to provide non-verbal definitions for the following five concepts: ARMCHAIR, MUG, RAVINE, LAKE, TREE. These definitions make it possible to describe concepts on two levels of specificity. On the first level, a concept is presented as a holistic cognitive unit. On the second, more specific, level, the same concept is viewed as a partitive system, i.e. a hierarchical system of its parts, the latter being smaller concepts into which the original holistic unit is decomposed. A hypothesis is advanced that such structure is inherent to all visible objects. The partitive system is argued to play a major role in human cognition. It, first, provides for an in-depth understanding of the perceived objects through understanding the role of their parts, and, second, underlies the formation of the hierarchy of concepts with respect to their generality. Besides, it can be considered as one of the defining properties of the human species as it accounts for the human ability to purposefully change the world.

scholarly journals Cystic renal diseases: role of ultrasound. Part II, genetic cystic renal diseases

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adnan Kabaalioglu ◽  
Nesrin Gunduz ◽  
Ayse Keven ◽  
Emel Durmaz ◽  
Mine Aslan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Renal Cysts ◽  
The Other ◽  
Renal Diseases ◽  
Intravenous Contrast ◽  
Pictorial Essay ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Key Features

Kidney cysts are quite common in adults. Though small simple renal cysts in an adult over 30-40 years of age are not too unusual, however, if the same cysts are seen in a child, and especially if there are additional findings, then several diagnostic possibilities may come to mind. The role of ultrasound, together with the help of intravenous contrast agents and Doppler mode, are very critical in describing the morphologic features and follow-up of the complex or multiple and bilateral renal cysts. These sonographic signs are occasionally specific for diagnosis, but in many cases sonographic clues should be evaluated together with the other genetic and clinical data to reach diagnosis.The first part of this pictorial essay included the introduction into the subject and the classification of non-genetic cystic renal diseases. The key features for the non-genetic cystic renal diseases are illustrated. In the second part, eye-catching features of genetic cystic renal diseases are demonstrated.

Cloud-Based Digital Library Era

2016 ◽  
pp. 226-247
Author(s):  
Ahmed Shawish ◽  
Maria Salama
Keyword(s):  
Information Processing ◽  
Digital Library ◽  
Digital Libraries ◽  
Communication Technologies ◽  
Library Services ◽  
Drivers Of Change ◽  
Innovative Products ◽  
Comprehensive Survey ◽  
Pros And Cons

Rapid advances in information processing, storage, and communication technologies have revolutionized the role of the libraries. This chapter reviews the library services, problems and drivers of change from the classical form to the digital one. The chapter then focuses on the current cloud era. It comparatively covers the library cloud-based platforms, services, management systems, innovative products and opened environments in terms of their characteristics, added values, pros and cons. A comprehensive survey on the digital libraries in the cloud era is presented in this chapter.

scholarly journals Academic Medical Library Services Contribute to Scholarship in Medical Faculty and Residents

2017 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 165
Author(s):  
Peace Ossom Williamson
Keyword(s):  
Medical Faculty ◽  
Scholarly Activity ◽  
Library Services ◽  
Document Delivery ◽  
Medical Library ◽  
Academic Medical ◽  
Library Resources ◽  
Medical Libraries ◽  
The Impact

A Review of: Quesenberry, A. C., Oelschlegel, S., Earl, M., Leonard, K., & Vaughn, C. J. (2016). The impact of library resources and services on the scholarly activity of medical faculty and residents. Medical Reference Services Quarterly, 35(3), 259-265. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02763869.2016.1189778 Abstract Objective – To assess the impact of academic medical library services and resources on information-seeking behaviours during the academic efforts of medical faculty and residents. Design – Value study derived from a 23-item survey. Setting – Public medical residency program and training hospital in Tennessee, USA. Subjects – 433 faculty and residents currently employed by or completing residency in an academic medical centre. Methods – Respondents completed a 23-question survey about their use of library resources and services in preparation for publishing, presenting, and teaching. The library services in the survey included literature searches completed by librarians and document delivery for preparation of publications, presentations, and lecture material. The survey also included questions about how resources were being accessed in preparation for scholarship. The survey sought information on whether respondents published articles or chapters or presented papers or posters in the previous three years. If respondents answered in the affirmative to one of the aforementioned methods of scholarship, they were provided with further questions about how they access library resources and whether they sought mediated literature search and document delivery services in preparation for their recent presentations and publications. The survey also included questions concerning what types of scholarly activity prompt faculty and residents to use online library resources. Main Results – The study was provided to 433 subjects, including 220 faculty and 213 residents, contacted through an email distribution list. The response rate to the survey was 15% (N=65). Residents comprised 35% of the respondents, and faculty at each of the three levels of tenure comprised 60%. The remaining 5% of respondents included PhD and non-clinical faculty within the graduate school. Over 50% of respondents reported use of library services in preparation for publishing and presenting. These library services were literature searches, document delivery, and accessing online resources. Faculty and residents reported use of PubMed first (71%) and most often, with 56% of respondents reporting weekly use, followed by Google or Google Scholar, with 20% of respondents reporting its use first and 23% of respondents reporting weekly use. However, regarding responses to the question concerning how journal articles are accessed, “using a search engine” was chosen most often, at almost 65%, followed by (in order) clicking library links in a database, contacting the library directly, searching the list of library e-journals, clicking publisher links in a database, using personal subscriptions, searching the library catalog, and using bookmarks saved in a web browser. Based on survey responses, faculty reported higher use of library services and resources than residents; however, residents reported higher use of library services and resources when preparing posters and papers for conferences and professional meetings. In addition, several comments spoke to the importance of the library for scholarly activity, many indicating the critical role of library assistance or resources in their academic accomplishments. Conclusion – This study provides evidence in support of library resources and services for medical faculty and residents, which contributes to discussions of the contributions of medical libraries. As hospital libraries close and academic medical libraries see reductions in budgets, this study contributes to the value of a library’s presence, as well as the role of the health sciences librarian in medical research and scholarly communication. This academic medical library was reported to be first and most often used, in comparison with other resources or none, in preparation for publication and presenting. The results of this and similar studies can contribute to the generalizability of its findings relating to the value of medical libraries. In addition, PubMed, UpToDate, and Google were the resources used most often by respondents, along with search engines and library links in databases. These findings can be incorporated into future outreach, marketing, and instructional curriculum for this library’s users. The survey results also provide additional support for the library’s role in the academic research lifecycle, and free-text comments about the critical role of library services furthered those findings. The authors state that further research is necessary for improving awareness of library resources and services in the role of scholarship at institutions.

scholarly journals Electromyographic Pattern Analysis and Classification for a Robotic Prosthetic Arm

2006 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 113-119 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. José H. Erazo Macias ◽  
S. Alejandro Vega
Keyword(s):  
Pattern Classification ◽  
Classification Scheme ◽  
Pattern Analysis ◽  
Signal Classification ◽  
Wrist Movement ◽  
Shoulder Muscles ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Electromyographic Signals ◽  
Flexion And Extension

This paper deals with the statistical analysis and pattern classification of electromyographic signals from the biceps of a person with amputation below the humerus. Such signals collected from an amputation simulator are synergistically generated to produce discrete elbow movements. The purpose of this study is to utilise these signals to control an electrically driven prosthetic or orthotic elbow with minimum extra mental effort on the part of the subject. The results show very good separability of classes of movements when a learning pattern classification scheme is used, and a superposition of any composite motion to the three basic primitive motions—humeral rotation in and out, flexion and extension, and pronation and supination. Since no synergy was detected for the wrist movement, different inputs have to be provided for a grip. In addition, the method described is not limited by the location of the electrodes. For amputees with shorter stumps, synergistic signals could be obtained from the shoulder muscles. However, the presentation in this paper is limited to biceps signal classification only.

The Influence of the Nature of Material and of Mental Operations on the Occurrence of the Bizarreness Effect

1988 ◽  
Vol 40 (1) ◽  
pp. 73-85 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cesare Cornoldi ◽  
Adele Cavedon ◽  
Rossana De Beni ◽  
Alvaro Pra Baldi
Keyword(s):  
Free Recall ◽  
Ad Hoc ◽  
Cued Recall ◽  
Bizarreness Effect ◽  
Memory Advantage ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Common Items ◽  
Generation Procedure

In the literature, a memory advantage for bizarre items over common ones has been found only in a few studies, especially with materials prepared ad hoc by the experimenter and with free recall rather than cued recall tests. These results contrast with the widespread conviction that bizarreness helps recall. The present paper explores the role of some variables involved in the “bizarreness” effect: (1) It examines the typical self-generation procedure in which the subject is asked to create an interaction between a pair of nouns, as well as the case in which only one noun is given. Higher freedom in generating sentences appears to correspond to higher free recall of bizarre items. (2) It is shown that bizarre items must be distinguished from “unusual” ones, which have different effects on memory. (3) By contrasting groups instructed to use either imagery or verbal elaboration, it is shown that the bizarreness effect is linked to the use of imagery. Instructions to use imagery without the possibility of creating bizarre representations do not improve the recall of common items. (4) The classification of parts of sentences generated reveals that, under common instructions, one subject's choice of verb and noun is more likely to be shared by other subjects. This fact may explain the different effects found by previous research in cued and free recall. (5) The overestimation of the recallability of bizarre items appears less evident than in previous research, probably because subjects had direct experience of the difficulties met in generating bizarre images.

scholarly journals Faceted classification in support of diversity: the role of concepts and terms in representing religion

2020 ◽  
Vol 38 (3) ◽  
pp. 247-270
Author(s):  
Vanda Broughton
Keyword(s):  
Conceptual Model ◽  
Information Science ◽  
Knowledge Structure ◽  
Library And Information Science ◽  
Categorical Analysis ◽  
Facet Analysis ◽  
University College London ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Faceted Classification

The paper examines the development of facet analysis as a methodology and the role it plays in building classifications and other knowledge-organization tools. The use of categorical analysis in areas other than library and information science is also considered. The suitability of the faceted approach for humanities documentation is explored through a critical description of the FATKS (Facet Analytical Theory in Managing Knowledge Structure for Humanities) project carried out at University College London. This research focused on building a conceptual model for the subject of religion together with a relational database and search-and-browse interfaces that would support some degree of automatic classification. The paper concludes with a discussion of the differences between the conceptual model and the vocabulary used to populate it, and how, in the case of religion, the choice of terminology can create an apparent bias in the system.

scholarly journals Reviewing the State-of-the-Art of Smart Cities in Portugal: Evidence Based on Content Analysis of a Portuguese Magazine

Publications ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 49
Author(s):  
Diogo Correia ◽  
Leonor Teixeira ◽  
João Lourenço Marques
Keyword(s):  
Smart City ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Smart Cities ◽  
The State ◽  
Role Of Government ◽  
Quantitative Analyses ◽  
Subject Areas ◽  
The Subject

The lack of examples of smart-city initiatives and the sharing of best practices in Portugal confirm the gap in the transference of empirical knowledge to the scientific literature in this area. The smart-city concept has passed through three stages. However, its evolution has not been noted equally throughout countries and their territories. The literature only provides information about specific projects implemented in a few cities. Therefore, the aim of this paper was to study the state-of-the-art of smart cities in Portugal by analyzing 25 editions of the most relevant national-wide smart-cities magazine. First, the objective of analyzing the magazine was to study each Portuguese city in terms of the subject areas and types of existing initiatives in order, ultimately, to frame cities within their respective smart-city phases, as per the literature. Second, the aim of the paper was also to provide information about the evolution of the concept through analyses of embedded experts’ quotes. The results of the first are complemented with the analysis of interviews with policymakers to provide information about the existing challenges to implementing a smart city and to understand the role of government therein. Qualitative and quantitative analyses were performed on the case study. The findings suggest that the three smart-city phases are perceived in slightly different ways in Portugal and heterogeneity within the country can be noted from the lack of strategies and a standard framework.

Electronic games classification in the library of congress and Dewey classification schemes: a comparative study

2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nahed Salem ◽  
Ahmed Maher Khafaga Shehata
Keyword(s):  
Design Methodology ◽  
Classification Scheme ◽  
Library Of Congress ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Classification Schemes ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Electronic Games ◽  
Decimal Classification

Purpose The study aims to explore the classification of electronic games in Dewey decimal classification (DDC) and The Library of Congress classification (LCC) schemes. Design/methodology/approach The study adopted a comparative analytical method to explore the topic in both the DDC and the LCC schemes by comparing its processing method in both schemes. The study measures the extent to which both schemes succeed in allocating notations covering the topic’s literature. Findings The study reached several results, the most important of which are: the difference between the two main cognitive sections, to which they belong to the topic, namely, arts and recreation (700) in the DDC scheme and the geography section (G) in the LCC scheme, while they were found to share the same sub-section scheme. The two schemes do not allocate notations to address the subject of electronic games as literature and other notations that have not been embodied for electronic games themselves or in the form of a compact disc or other media. Originality/value As far as we know, this is the first paper that compares the treatment of video games in DDC and Library of Congress classification schemes. The study allows for understanding the difference in the treatment of topics in both schemes, which would help in the decision of the adoption of a particular classification scheme.

scholarly journals Four Species of Reflexivity and History of Economics in Economic Policy Science

2011 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 425-445 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eric Schliesser
Keyword(s):  
World War Ii ◽  
Policy Science ◽  
World War ◽  
History Of Economics ◽  
Economics Profession ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The Cost

Abstract This paper argues that history of economics has a fruitful, underappreciated role to play in the development of economics, especially when understood as a policy science. This goes against the grain of the last half century during which economics, which has undergone a formal revolution, has distanced itself from its ‘literary’ past and practices precisely with the aim to be a more successful policy science. The paper motivates the thesis by identifying and distinguishing four kinds of reflexivity in economics. The main thesis of this paper is that because these forms of reflexivity are not eliminable, the history of economics must play a constitutive role in economics (and graduate education within economics). An assumption that I clarify in this paper is that the history of economics ought to be part of the subject matter studied by economics when they are interested in policy science. Even if one does not accept the conclusion, the fourfold classification of reflexivity might hold independent interest. The paper is divided in two parts. First, by reflecting on the writings of George Stigler, Paul Samuelson, George and Milton Friedman, I offer a stylized historical introduction to and conceptualization of the themes of this paper. In particular, I identify various historically influential arguments and strategies that reduced the role of history of economics within the economics discipline. In it I also canvass six arguments that try to capture the cost to economics (understood as a science) for sidelining the history of economics from within the discipline. A sub-text of the introduction is that for contingent reasons, post World War II economics evolved into a policy science. Second, by drawing on the work of Kenneth Boulding, in particular, George Soros, Thomas Merton, Gordon Tullock, I distinguish between four species of reflexivity. These are used to then strengthen the argument for the constitutive role of the history of economics within the economics profession. In particular, I argue that so-called Kuhn-losses are especially pernicious when faced with policy choices under so-called Knightian uncertainty.

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