The Process of Acute and Chronic Inflammation

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-23
Author(s):  
Sedat Demir
Keyword(s):  
Heart Disease ◽  
Ischemic Heart Disease ◽  
Aging Process ◽  
Inflammatory Process ◽  
Ischemic Heart ◽  
Clinical Markers ◽  
Rheumatologic Diseases ◽  
Long Time ◽  
Inflammatory Processes ◽  
Acute And Chronic Inflammation

Inflammation is a physiopathological process that has been known for a long time but its relation with acute and chronic diseases and its role in the development of disease is becoming better understood. Diabetes, hypertension, ischemic heart disease, various organ cancers, rheumatologic diseases, the most common diseases of the liver, lungs and kidneys are either closely related to inflammatory processes or are caused by direct inflammatory processes. In one aspect, the aging process is a progressive inflammatory process. The understanding of what inflammation is and the mechanisms by which the inflammation occurs in the organism and by accurately identifying and following the clinical markers that show the course of inflammation. In this section, basic issues related to inflammation is examined.

scholarly journals Neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio in the diagnosis of viscero-visceral cardioneuropathy in patients with gallbladder disorders

2020 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Heart Disease ◽  
Ischemic Heart Disease ◽  
Inflammatory Markers ◽  
Inflammatory Process ◽  
Routine Clinical Practice ◽  
Ischemic Heart ◽  
Inflammatory Phase ◽  
Pathological Conditions ◽  
Ranking Analysis ◽  
Nonspecific Inflammation

Summary. Neutrophils to lymphocytes ratio (NLR) reflects the activity of systemic nonspecific inflammation and immune system answer. NLR can be influenced by the change of gallbladder condition. It’s a pity, but the diagnostic and prognostic opportunities of NLR are not properly used in routine clinical practice. The aim of this paper was to estimate the NLR value in the assessment of heart condition in the diagnostics of viscero-visceral cardioneuropathy in dependence of gallbladder condition in patients with cardiorheumatic disorders. We analyzed data of 506 inpatients with cardiorheumatic diseases, which were divided into groups according to gallbladder condition: intact gallbladder; sludge, polips and cholesterosis; various deformations of gallbladder body; gallbladder neck deformations and sonographic signs of past cholecystitis; cholelithiasis; anamnesis of cholecystectomy. It was established that NLR levels, revealed in this study, exceeded the levels of healthy people according to our previous studies (1.8±0.46) and literature data (1.65-1.86). NLR was dependent of gallbladder condition: maximal levels always accompanied pathological changes of the latter. On the background of active inflammatory phase of rheumatic diseases NLR was higher, than in case of stable and acute forms of ischemic heart disease. NLR correlations depended on gallbladder condition, and were the most numerous in case of intact gallbladder. NLR was associated with age, heart rate, acute phase inflammatory markers, parameters of endogenous intoxication, cytolysis and structural heart parameters (sizes of chambers, thicknesses of walls, ejection fraction). Ranking analysis of NLR of all included patients showed that its levels were maximal in case of cholecystitis in anamnesis and in patients after cholecystectomy. All other values can be clearly divided into 2 groups: intact gallbladder plus bent gallbladder body and, apart of it, other pathological conditions (sludge, signs of cholecystitis in anamnesis, cholelithiasis and cholecystectomy in anamnesis). Conclusions: NLR was the highest in case of active inflammatory process in hemorrhagic vasculitis (3.66) and rheumatic fever (3.24) than in the stable ischemic heart disease (2.47) and myocardial infarction (1.85), all р<0.05. Regardless of the disorder, NLR was dependent on the gallbladder condition and reached the maximal values in case of gallbladder changes. Taking into account the big amount of NLR correlations with clinical and laboratory parameters, and the results of instrumental diagnostics methods, we can say that NLR may be used in the diagnostics of viscero-visceral cardioneuropathy.

scholarly journals Cardiac Manifestations of Rheumatological Conditions: A Narrative Review

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammad Bagher Owlia ◽  
Seyed Mohammad Yousof Mostafavi Pour Manshadi ◽  
Nafiseh Naderi
Keyword(s):  
Heart Disease ◽  
Ischemic Heart Disease ◽  
Lupus Erythematosus ◽  
Ischemic Heart ◽  
Mortality And Morbidity ◽  
Rheumatologic Diseases ◽  
Control And Prevention ◽  
Traditional Risk Factors ◽  
Cardiac Manifestations ◽  
Guidelines And Recommendations

Cardiovascular diseases are common in systemic rheumatologic diseases. They can be presented at the time of diagnosis or after diagnosis. The cardiac involvements can be the first presentation of rheumatologic conditions. It means that a patient with rheumatologic disease may go to a cardiologist when attacked by this disease at first. These manifestations are very different and involve different structures of the heart, and they can cause mortality and morbidity of patients with rheumatologic diseases. Cardiac involvements in these patients vary from subclinical to severe manifestations. They may need aggressive immunosuppressive therapy. The diagnosis of these conditions is very important for choosing the best treatment. Premature atherosclerosis and ischemic heart disease are increased in rheumatoid arthritis and systemic lupus erythematosus, and may be causes of mortality among them. The aggressive control of systemic inflammation in these diseases can reduce the risk of cardiovascular disease especially ischemic heart disease. Although aggressive treatment of primary rheumatologic diseases can decrease mortality rate and improve them, at this time, there are no specific guidelines and recommendations, to include aggressive control and prevention of traditional risk factors, for them.

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