Hubungan KEK dengan Anemia Gravidarum pada Ibu Riwayat BBLR

KEK (Chronic Energy Deficiency) is a condition of the mother suffering from lack of calories and protein (malnutrition) that lasts chronic (chronic) at risk of causing complications in the mother one of which is anemia gravidarum. Anemia in pregnancy is a decrease in Hb levels, so that the carrying capacity of oxygen for the needs of vital organs in the mother and fetus is reduced. The purpose of this study is to determine the relationship of KEK with anemia gravidarum in mothers with low birth weigth history. The correlation analytic research design is a case control study approach, the population is 68 mothers with low birth weight history, using simple random sampling technique, the sample is calculated using Slovin formula, the number of 58 low birth weight history mothers fulfills the inclusion criteria. The research instrument used observation sheets to look at secondary data on cohorts of pregnant women, data analysis using the chi square test obtained a p value of 0, 001 means that p <0.05 indicates the relationship of KEK with anemia gravidarum in women with low birth weight history with a close relationship is sufficient. The value of the Contingency Coefficient in the Chronic Energy Deficiency variable is 0.39, which means that the relationship between KEK and anemia gravidarum is sufficient. The Odds Ratio (OR) value in the Chronic Energy Deficiency variable is 6.9, which means that pregnant women with nutritional status of Chronic Energy Deficiency have a 6.9 times greater risk of anemia during pregnancy than those who are not. Inadequate nutritional needs have a greater risk of anemia during pregnancy and the risk of giving birth to Low Birth Weight Babies. Researchers suggest providing counseling to women of adolescence, women of childbearing age and especially pregnant women so that they can add more information about the importance of nutritional status in pregnant women, the dangers of anemia during pregnancy and also the importance of consuming blood booster tablets during pregnancy. So that it is expected to reduce the incidence of anemia pregnant women case and low birth weight history.

A Practical Approach to the Patient with Obesity

The prevalence of obesity and obesity-related comorbidities is rising. Primary care physicians are the frontline of healthcare and play a central role in the management of obesity. In this article, we discuss the 5As framework (Ask, Assess, Advise, Agree, and Assist) as a practical framework for obesity counselling, focusing on initiating the conversation and assessing the person with obesity. The assessment includes taking a weight history, excluding secondary causes, understanding lifestyle factors contributing to weight gain and assessing for complications of obesity. This assessment then makes it possible for subsequent patient engagement, including advising, agreeing (goal setting), and assisting the patient on an individualised care plan.

Hubungan Riwayat Kelahiran Prematur dan BBLR dengan Gangguan Pendengaran pada Anak di RSUP Haji Adam Malik Periode 2016-2018

Background: Children with preterm labor and low birth weight history tend to suffer various health complications, from growth and development problems, inadequate organ functions, and central nervous system disturbances. Hearing impairment is the most common health problem that occurs in children with preterm labor and low birth weight history. Hearing impairment affects speech and language learning in children, since children need to comprehend various types of voices to learn speech and language thoroughly. Hearing examination is important to be done as early as possible. Hearing function can be examined as newborns reached 2 days after labor (48 hours). Hearing examination that is recommended for babies and children is Otoacoustic Emission (OAE) examination, since it is easy to conduct, no requirement for trained operator, is safe, and objectively accurate. Objectives: The purpose of this research is to determine the relationship between preterm labor and low birth weight history with hearing impairment incidence in children in the General Hospital Haji Adam Malik in 2016-2018. Methods: This study is an analytic-observational research using cross sectional design. The research data was taken from the children medical records in 2016-2018. Data is then analyzed using statistics program. Results: The result in this research showed no correlation between preterm labor (p = 0.684) and low birth weight (p = 1.000) history with hearing impairment in children. Conclusion: In conclusion, there are no correlations between preterm labor and low birth weight history with hearing impairment in children. Keywords: hearing impairment, low birth weight, otoacoustic emission, preterm labor Latar Belakang: Anak-anak dengan riwayat prematur dan BBLR berisiko mengalami komplikasi-komplikasi kesehatan, mulai dari masalah pertumbuhan, belum sempurnanya fungsi berbagai organ, hingga permasalahan pada fungsi otak. Gangguan pendengaran merupakan komplikasi yang paling umum dijumpai pada bayi prematur dan BBLR. Gangguan pendengaran sangat berpengaruh terhadap proses belajar berbicara dan berbahasa pada anak, karena anak harus dapat mendengar dan membedakan berbagai jenis suara dengan baik untuk dapat belajar berbicara dan berbahasa. Untuk itu, pemeriksaan gangguan pendengaran harus dilakukan sedini mungkin. Pemeriksaan gangguan pendengaran dapat dilakukan sejak bayi baru lahir, yaitu saat bayi memasuki usia 2 hari (48 jam). Pemeriksaan gangguan pendengaran yang umum dilakukan untuk bayi dan anak adalah OAE (Otoacoustic Emission), sebab penggunannya mudah, tidak membutuhkan tenaga terlatih, tidak invasif, dan hasilnya objektif. Tujuan: Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui hubungan antara riwayat kelahiran prematur dan BBLR dengan gangguan pendengaran pada anak di RSUP Haji Adam Malik Periode 2016-2018. Metode: Penelitian ini menggunakan metode analitik dengan desain cross sectional dan dilakukan di RSUP Haji Adam Malik. Sampel penelitian diambil dari data sekunder yang berupa rekam medis anak di RSUP Haji Adam Malik Periode 2016-2018. Data yang telah didapatkan, kemudian, diuji dengan menggunakan program komputer. Hasil: Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan tidak ada hubungan antara riwayat kelahiran prematur (p = 0,684) dan BBLR (p = 1,000) dengan gangguan pendengaran pada anak. Kesimpulan: Dapat disimpulkan bahwa faktor risiko riwayat kelahiran prematur dan BBLR (Berat Badan Lahir Rendah) tidak memiliki hubungan terhadap terjadinya gangguan pendengaran pada anak. Kata Kunci: BBLR, gangguan pendengaran, kelahiran prematur, otoacoustic emission

Joint Modeling of Hypertension Measurements and Time-to-Onset of Preeclampsia Among Pregnant Women Attending Antenatal Care Service at Arerti Primary Hospital, North Shoa, Ethiopia

Background: Preeclampsia is a hypertensive disorder of pregnancy that affects 2-8% of pregnant women. It is the major cause of maternal and perinatal morbidity and mortality worldwide. The purpose of this study was to identify factors associated with hypertension measurements and time-to-onset of preeclampsia among pregnant women attending antenatal care service at Arerti Primary Hospital. Methodology: A retrospective longitudinal study design was employed on a total of 201 pregnant women attending the antenatal clinic of Arerti Primary Hospital between September 2018 and June 2019. A closed-form sample size formula for estimating the effect of the longitudinal data on time-to-event was used. To analyze our data we employed descriptive method, linear mixed effect model, Cox-PH model and joint models for longitudinal and survival outcomes.Relevantdemographicandclinicalcovariateswereincludedinsubmodels. Results: This study revealed that baseline age, visiting times, weight, diabetes, history of PE and parity had significantly associated with mean change in the BP measurements. From the Cox model result, age, weight, history of PE and marital status were associated with a significant hazard of developing preeclampsia. The univariate joint models reveal that the each longitudinal BP measurements are significantly associated with hazard of developing preeclampsia. Form the bi-ariate joint model; only DBP is significantly associated with risk of developing PE. Conclusion: As the result obtained in this study, we summarized that, age, weight, history of PE and marital status had a significant effect on time to developing preeclampsia. Furthermore, due to significance of association between the longitudinal BP measurements and time to onset of preeclampsia, joint model analysis was suggested as it incorporates all information simultaneously and provides valid and efficient inferences over separate models analysis.

Kohor retrospective study: development of children age 1-3 year with history of low born weigh (LBW) infants

Low Born Weigh (LBW) is a baby with a birth weight <2500 grams. LBW babies are weak in fine motor skills. If toddlers' developmental disorders are not detected early it will affect the quality of life, showed the prevalence of LBW by 5.52%. The prevalence of LBW infants in Bantul Regency from 2014 to 2018 has increased. The highest LBW cases were in the Pleret Puskesmas which reached 6.23%. The high prevalence of LBW in Pleret District has made researchers interested in researching the relationship of LBW history with the development of toddlers aged 1-3 years. The purpose of this research is to find out the influence of LBW history on the development of toddlers aged 1-3 years. This type of research is an observational analytic study with a retrospective cohort design. The sample in this study is toddlers aged 1-3 years in the district of Pleret. The independent variables of this study were the birth weight of infants and the dependent variable of development of infants aged 1-3 years. Statistical tests use the Chi-square test and relative risk. This research shows that as many as 31% of children under five with a history of LBW had inappropriate development status. The chi-square test showed a p-value of 0.016 (<0.05) which meant that there was a significant relationship between LBW history and the developmental status of toddlers. Obtained RR value of 1,250 (> 1,00), shows that toddlers with a history of LBW have a risk of experiencing developmental disorders 1.25 times greater than toddlers with normal weight history. The conclusion of this research is a there is a significant relationship between LBW history and the development of toddlers aged 1-3 years. Toddlers with an LBW history have a greater risk of developing developmental disorders compared to toddlers with normal weight history.

Weight cycling is associated with adverse cardiometabolic markers in a cross-sectional representative US sample

BackgroundWhether weight cycling (repeated weight loss and regain) is associated with cardiometabolic health is unclear. Study objective was to examine whether weight cycling since young adulthood (ie, 25 years of age) was associated with cardiometabolic markers.MethodsData from a nationally representative cross-sectional US sample (National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 1999–2014) were used. Weight history was based on self-reported weight at age 25, 10 years prior and 1 year prior to the survey (n=4190, 51% male). Using current self-reported weight as the anchor, participants were classified as (1) stable weight, (2) weight losers, (3) weight gainers and (4) weight cyclers. Cardiometabolic markers included fasting lipids, insulin sensitivity and blood pressure. Multiple linear regressions were used to analyse weight history (reference: stable weight) and adjusted for covariates. Analyses incorporated the sampling design and survey weights and were stratified by sex or weight status.ResultsCompared with females with stable weight, female weight cyclers had worse lipids and homeostasis model assessment for insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) (all ps<0.05). Compared with males with stable weight, male weight cyclers had worse high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL) and HOMA-IR (ps<0.05). Weight cyclers with normal weight had worse HDL and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (ps<0.05), and weight cyclers with overweight or obesity had worse HOMA-IR (p=0.05). Blood pressure was not associated.ConclusionWeight cycling is adversely associated with cardiometabolic markers but associations differ by sex and weight status. While weight cycling is consistently associated with worse cardiometabolic markers among females, results are mixed among males. Weight cycling is associated with worse lipid measures for normal weight persons, and marginally worse insulin sensitivity for those with overweight/obesity.

The Effect Of Continuity Of Care Against Weight and Length Of Newborn Body In Rejoyoso Village

Stunting is still a nutritional problem for the community both at national and international levels. long and low birth weight history in is one of the risk factors of stunting. This research identifies whether there is an effect of continuity of care on length and birth weight. So that you can get a way to prevent stunting as early as possible. This research was conducted in Rejoyoso Village with a population of mothers who have babies aged 0-6 months, with a retrospective approach and the source of research data is the maternat book record. The research data were analyzed by chi square, and the result of birth length x2 count 5,605> x2 table 3,841 and the result of birth weight x2 count 5,029> x2 table 3,841. So the interpretation obtained from each variable is rejecting H0 or there is a continuity of care effect on length and birth weight

Definition and diagnosis of constitutional thinness: a systematic review

The existing literature about the definition and diagnostic criteria of constitutional thinness (CT) appears equivocal. The present work systematically reviewed the criteria used in the diagnosis of adult individuals with CT (PROSPERO registration number: CRD42019138236). Five electronic bibliographic databases were searched between December 2018 and November 2019: MEDLINE, Embase, CENTRAL (Cochrane Library), Google Scholar and Clinical Trials. Search terms were combined with Medical Subject Headings terms. The search strategy included any clinical trials that enrolled adults with CT. Studies were systematically excluded if the state of thinness was not due to a well-identified constitutional origin. From the 689 references after duplicate removal, 199 studies were excluded based on title and 164 based on abstract. According to the inclusion and exclusion criteria, 291 other studies were removed. Finally, thirty-five studies remained at the end of the process. The analysis of these studies showed high heterogeneity in the diagnostic criteria of CT. A real need emerged to adopt a common terminology and to systematically exclude potential non-constitutional origins of thinness such as eating disorders, associated pathology or over-exercising, with validated tools. Weight history, physiological menses and weight gain resistance are also important criteria to consider. The present systematic review revealed that our medical and scientific approaches of CT need to be harmonised in terms of terminology and diagnostic criteria. Although further studies are needed, we finally proposed recommendations and a decision tree to help in the recognition and diagnosis of CT.