Marriage and Reproductive Choice

2021 ◽  
pp. 180-191
Keyword(s):  
Crucial Role ◽  
Historical Development ◽  
Reproductive Choice ◽  
Commercial Surrogacy ◽  
Central Topic ◽  
Love Relationship ◽  
Women's Oppression ◽  
Marital Love

This chapter discusses marriage and reproductive choice issues. The chapter argues that feminists have seen marriage and reproduction as playing a crucial role in women's oppression and thus a central topic of justice. The chapter starts by defining and setting out the historical development of the philosophy of marriage, which shapes today's debates. The chapter argues that many of the ethical positions on marriage can be understood as divided on the question of whether marriage should be defined contractually by the spouses or by its institutional purpose. The debate further divides on whether that purpose necessarily includes procreation or may be limited to the marital love relationship. The chapter closes by discussing reproduction choice, specifically abortion and commercial surrogacy.

Introduction

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-42
Author(s):  
Gregory Adam Scott
Keyword(s):  
Material Culture ◽  
Crucial Role ◽  
Historical Development ◽  
The State ◽  
Chinese Buddhism ◽  
Methodological Basis ◽  
Sacred Spaces ◽  
Modern Chinese ◽  
State Of The Field

This chapter surveys the state of the field of material culture and sacred spaces in Chinese Buddhism, as well as the historical development of monastery layouts. The chapter explores how both the material and the human elements were affected by destruction events, and accordingly reconstruction of a monastery inevitably addressed both spheres. A devoted and charismatic reconstruction leader, who was often an outsider to the community, typically played a crucial role in enabling the reconstruction to occur. Building upon the work of architectural historians and scholars of modern Chinese Buddhism, this chapter establishes the theoretical and methodological basis for the chapters that follow.

The Legal Deposit Libraries Act 2003: a Mere Coming of Age or Trusted Guardian of the Nation's Treasures?

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (4) ◽  
pp. 180-189
Author(s):  
Kieran Lee Marshall ◽  
Kate Faulkner
Keyword(s):  
Crucial Role ◽  
Historical Development ◽  
Coming Of Age ◽  
Free Access ◽  
University Library ◽  
Law And Policy ◽  
The Future ◽  
Information Professionals ◽  
The Uk ◽  
Literary Output

AbstractThe UK's legal deposit libraries play a crucial role in ensuring the country's intellectual and literary output is systematically captured for the use and enjoyment of readers, listeners, and researchers, now and in the future. This article, by Kieran Lee Marshall and Kate Faulkner, summarily examines the legislation that underpins that scheme – the Legal Deposit Libraries Act 2003 and Legal Deposit Libraries (Non-Print Works) Regulations 2013. Over three parts, it explores the historical development of legal deposit in the UK; its operation in the context of the modern deposit library – using a university library as its primary paradigm; and considers ways in which the current law and policy may be developed to better support deposit libraries, the information professionals that run them, and the library and archive users who greatly depend upon barrier-free access to deposited resources. It concludes by outlining three areas on which prospective reform may focus.

Conceptualizing Surrogacy as Work-Labour

2018 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 210-227 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anindita Majumdar
Keyword(s):  
Care Work ◽  
Paid Work ◽  
Reproductive Choice ◽  
Social Categories ◽  
Indian Women ◽  
Unique Role ◽  
Domestic Worker ◽  
Commercial Surrogacy ◽  
Surrogacy Arrangement

Using ethnographic findings, this article reflects on Indian women engaged in commercial surrogacy for foreign and Indian couples and expands on the existing ideas of paid and unpaid employment by conceptualizing transnational commercial surrogacy in India. The latter is undertaken through a mapping of the meanings surrogates and intended couples make of their participation in the transnational commercial surrogacy arrangement. Here, ideas about motherhood, domesticity and contractual labour come together to create an understanding of the unique role of surrogates in the arrangement. While emerging research has aimed to conceptualize the surrogate’s contribution through differing theoretical understandings of work and labour, my ethnographic findings suggest that surrogacy and its linkages with paid work are more complex than conveyed by its researched connections with care work and/or sex work. Invoking established theorizing of sexualized care work and reproductive choice, I point to the need for a deeper engagement with the idea of work-labour itself. Within this wider conceptualization are social categories that mediate between commerce and intimacy—including that of the paid domestic worker. By using frames used to study paid domestic work in India and South Asia, I portray surrogacy and the commercial surrogate through notions of domesticity, family and intimacy paying particular attention to its linkages with paid work.

The marital love relationship: Construction and preliminary validation on 610 subjects of a psychoanalytically derived inventory.

2012 ◽  
Vol 29 (4) ◽  
pp. 408-428
Author(s):  
Luigi Solano ◽  
Anna Maria Nicolò ◽  
Michela Di Trani ◽  
Maria Bonadies ◽  
Pietro San Martini ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Preliminary Validation ◽  
Love Relationship ◽  
Marital Love ◽  
Relationship Construction

scholarly journals Motives for Semantic Borrowing and Calquing from Old Chinese into Japanese

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthew Zisk
Keyword(s):  
Crucial Role ◽  
Historical Development ◽  
Chinese Characters ◽  
Old Chinese ◽  
Chinese Texts

<p>This presentation examines the metalinguistic motives behind semantic borrowing and calquing from Old <br />Chinese into Japanese. Traditionally, semantic loans and calques are said to derive from homonymy and <br />synonymy between the donor and recipient languages; however, in Japanese, no homonymy and oftentimes <br />little synonymy are observed between the two languages. Instead, semantic loans and calques are believed to <br />arise from prescribed translation practices such as kundoku, the word-by-word rendering of Chinese texts into <br />Japanese, and kun-yomi, the ascribing of Japanese native words to Chinese characters. This practice of <br />prescribed translation plays a crucial role in the historical development of Japanese.</p>

The Emergence and Development of the Jama‘at-i-Islami of Jammu and Kashmir (1940s–1990)

2002 ◽  
Vol 36 (3) ◽  
pp. 705-751 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yoginder Sikand
Keyword(s):  
South Asia ◽  
Crucial Role ◽  
Historical Development ◽  
Jammu And Kashmir ◽  
Armed Struggle ◽  
Islamic Movements ◽  
World Today ◽  
Leaders And Followers ◽  
The World ◽  
History Of

IntroductionThe Jama‘at-i-Islami is, by far, one of the most influential Islamic movements in the world today, particularly strong in the countries of South Asia. Its influence extends far beyond the confines of the Indo-Pakistan subcontinent, and the writings of its chief ideologues have exercised a powerful impact on contemporary Muslim thinking all over the world. Much has been written about the movement, both by its leaders and followers as well as by its critics. Most of these writings have focused either on the Jama‘at's ideology or on its historical development in India and Pakistan. Hardly any literature is available on the evolution and history of the Jama‘at in the disputed state of Jammu and Kashmir. This is unfortunate, because here the Jama'at has had a long history of its own, which has followed a path quite distinct from the branches of the movement in both India and Pakistan. Furthermore, the Jama‘at has played a crucial role in the politics of Kashmir right since its inception in the late 1940s, a role that has gained particular salience in the course of the armed struggle in the region that began in the late 1980s and still shows no sign of abating.

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