Vehicular Fog Computing Paradigm

Fog Computing ◽

Location Awareness ◽

Vehicular Communication ◽

Open Problems ◽

Related Services ◽

Traffic Efficiency ◽

Computing Paradigm ◽

The main objective of vehicular ad hoc networks (VANETs) is to improve driver safety and traffic efficiency. Most VANET applications are based on periodic exchange of safety messages between nearby vehicles and between vehicles and nearby road side communication units (e.g., traffic lights, road-side lights, etc.). This periodic communication generates huge amount of data that have typical storage, computation, and communication resources needs. In recent years, there has been huge developments in automotive industry, computing, and communication technologies. This has led to vehicular cloud computing (VCC) as a solution to satisfy the requirements of VANETs such as computing, storage, and networking resources. Vehicular fog computing (VFC) is a standard that comprehends cloud computing and related services to the proximity of a network. Since VANET applications have special mobility, low latency, and location awareness requirements, fog computing plays a significant role in VANET applications and services. In urban cities, vehicles parked at shopping malls, offices and similar other places are under-utilized. These can offer great opportunity and value to implement applications of VFC by utilizing vehicles as an infrastructure. In this chapter, we present real time scenarios and applications of VANET that can be implemented using VFC. VANET applications and quality of service can be enhanced by aggregating the resources of these vehicles. We discuss different types of scenarios of moving and parked vehicles as computational, communication, storage and network infrastructures. We have also discussed the challenges and open problems to implement VFC system. This chapter provides the thorough understanding of novel research paradigm and about vehicular communication infrastructures.

Challenges of Future VANET and Cloud-Based Approaches

Wireless Communications and Mobile Computing ◽

10.1155/2018/5603518 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 2018 ◽

pp. 1-15 ◽

Cited By ~ 23

Author(s):

Rakesh Shrestha ◽

Rojeena Bajracharya ◽

Seung Yeob Nam

Keyword(s):

Cloud Computing ◽

Autonomous Vehicles ◽

Ad Hoc ◽

Fog Computing ◽

High Mobility ◽

Global Knowledge ◽

Smart Vehicles ◽

Traffic Efficiency ◽

Vehicular ad hoc networks (VANETs) have been studied intensively due to their wide variety of applications and services, such as passenger safety, enhanced traffic efficiency, and infotainment. With the evolution of technology and sudden growth in the number of smart vehicles, traditional VANETs face several technical challenges in deployment and management due to less flexibility, scalability, poor connectivity, and inadequate intelligence. Cloud computing is considered a way to satisfy these requirements in VANETs. However, next-generation VANETs will have special requirements of autonomous vehicles with high mobility, low latency, real-time applications, and connectivity, which may not be resolved by conventional cloud computing. Hence, merging of fog computing with the conventional cloud for VANETs is discussed as a potential solution for several issues in current and future VANETs. In addition, fog computing can be enhanced by integrating Software-Defined Network (SDN), which provides flexibility, programmability, and global knowledge of the network. We present two example scenarios for timely dissemination of safety messages in future VANETs based on fog and a combination of fog and SDN. We also explained the issues that need to be resolved for the deployment of three different cloud-based approaches.

Vehicular Fog Computing

International Journal of Vehicular Telematics and Infotainment Systems ◽

10.4018/ijvtis.2017070102 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 1 (2) ◽

pp. 15-23 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Varun G. Menon ◽

Joe Prathap

Keyword(s):

Cloud Computing ◽

Data Storage ◽

Ad Hoc ◽

Fog Computing ◽

Security And Privacy ◽

Future Research ◽

Collision Warning ◽

Efficient Resource ◽

In recent years Vehicular Ad Hoc Networks (VANETs) have received increased attention due to its numerous applications in cooperative collision warning and traffic alert broadcasting. VANETs have been depending on cloud computing for networking, computing and data storage services. Emergence of advanced vehicular applications has led to the increased demand for powerful communication and computation facilities with low latency. With cloud computing unable to satisfy these demands, the focus has shifted to bring computation and communication facilities nearer to the vehicles, leading to the emergence of Vehicular Fog Computing (VFC). VFC installs highly virtualized computing and storage facilities at the proximity of these vehicles. The integration of fog computing into VANETs comes with a number of challenges that range from improved quality of service, security and privacy of data to efficient resource management. This paper presents an overview of this promising technology and discusses the issues and challenges in its implementation with future research directions.

Advances in Computer and Electrical Engineering - Vehicular Cloud Computing for Traffic Management and Systems ◽

Challenges and Opportunities in Vehicular Cloud Computing

10.4018/978-1-5225-3981-0.ch003 ◽

2018 ◽

pp. 57-74 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Zeinab E. Ahmed ◽

Rashid A. Saeed ◽

Amitava Mukherjee

Keyword(s):

Cloud Computing ◽

Intelligent Transportation Systems ◽

Intelligent Transportation ◽

Transportation Systems ◽

Vehicular Cloud Computing ◽

Vehicular Cloud ◽

Traffic Efficiency ◽

Challenges And Opportunities ◽

Vehicular ad-hoc networks (VANET) have become an important research area due to their ability to allow sharing resources among the users to carry out their application and provide services of transport and traffic management. VANET communication allows exchange of sensitive information among nearby vehicles such as condition of weather and road accidents in order to improve vehicle traffic efficiency through Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITS). Many technologies have been developed to enhance ITS. Recently, vehicular cloud computing (VCC) has been developed in order to overcome the drawbacks VANET. VCC technology provides low-cost services to vehicles and capable of managing road traffic efficiently by using the vehicular sources (such as internet) to make decisions and for storage. VCC is considered as the basis for improving and developing intelligent transportation systems. It plays a major role in people's lives due to its safety, security, trust, and comfort to passengers and drivers. This chapter investigates the vehicular cloud computing. The authors first concentrate on architectures. Then, they highlight applications and features provided by VCC. Additionally, they explain the challenges for VCC. Finally, the authors present opportunities and future for VCC.

A Multidomain Standards-Based Fog Computing Architecture for Smart Cities

Wireless Communications and Mobile Computing ◽

10.1155/2018/4019858 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 2018 ◽

pp. 1-14 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Víctor Rampérez ◽

Javier Soriano ◽

David Lizcano

Keyword(s):

Cloud Computing ◽

Smart Cities ◽

Fog Computing ◽

Cost Savings ◽

Low Latency ◽

Location Awareness ◽

Rapid Urbanization ◽

Computing Architecture ◽

Computing Paradigm ◽

Urban Population Growth

Many of the problems arising from rapid urbanization and urban population growth can be solved by making cities “smart”. These smart cities are supported by large networks of interconnected and widely geo-distributed devices, known as Internet of Things or IoT, that generate large volumes of data. Traditionally, cloud computing has been the technology used to support this infrastructure; however, some of the essential requirements of smart cities such as low-latency, mobility support, location-awareness, bandwidth cost savings, and geo-distributed nature of such IoT systems cannot be met. To solve these problems, the fog computing paradigm proposes extending cloud computing models to the edge of the network. However, most of the proposed architectures and frameworks are based on their own private data models and interfaces, which severely reduce the openness and interoperability of these solutions. To address this problem, we propose a standard-based fog computing architecture to enable it to be an open and interoperable solution. The proposed architecture moves the stream processing tasks to the edge of the network through the use of lightweight context brokers and Complex Event Processing (CEP) to reduce latency. Moreover, to communicate the different smart cities domains we propose a Context Broker based on a publish/subscribe middleware specially designed to be elastic and low-latency and exploit the context information of these environments. Additionally, we validate our architecture through a real smart city use case, showing how the proposed architecture can successfully meet the smart cities requirements by taking advantage of the fog computing approach. Finally, we also analyze the performance of the proposed Context Broker based on microbenchmarking results for latency, throughput, and scalability.

Challenges and Opportunities in Vehicular Cloud Computing

Cloud Security ◽

10.4018/978-1-5225-8176-5.ch106 ◽

2019 ◽

pp. 2168-2185 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Zeinab E. Ahmed ◽

Rashid A. Saeed ◽

Amitava Mukherjee

Keyword(s):

Cloud Computing ◽

Intelligent Transportation Systems ◽

Intelligent Transportation ◽

Transportation Systems ◽

Vehicular Cloud Computing ◽

Vehicular Cloud ◽

Traffic Efficiency ◽

Challenges And Opportunities ◽

Vehicular ad-hoc networks (VANET) have become an important research area due to their ability to allow sharing resources among the users to carry out their application and provide services of transport and traffic management. VANET communication allows exchange of sensitive information among nearby vehicles such as condition of weather and road accidents in order to improve vehicle traffic efficiency through Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITS). Many technologies have been developed to enhance ITS. Recently, vehicular cloud computing (VCC) has been developed in order to overcome the drawbacks VANET. VCC technology provides low-cost services to vehicles and capable of managing road traffic efficiently by using the vehicular sources (such as internet) to make decisions and for storage. VCC is considered as the basis for improving and developing intelligent transportation systems. It plays a major role in people's lives due to its safety, security, trust, and comfort to passengers and drivers. This chapter investigates the vehicular cloud computing. The authors first concentrate on architectures. Then, they highlight applications and features provided by VCC. Additionally, they explain the challenges for VCC. Finally, the authors present opportunities and future for VCC.

Vehicular Fog Computing

Fog Computing ◽

10.4018/978-1-5225-5649-7.ch011 ◽

2018 ◽

pp. 220-229 ◽

Cited By ~ 10

Author(s):

Varun G. Menon ◽

Joe Prathap

Keyword(s):

Cloud Computing ◽

Data Storage ◽

Ad Hoc ◽

Fog Computing ◽

Security And Privacy ◽

Future Research ◽

Collision Warning ◽

Efficient Resource ◽

In recent years Vehicular Ad Hoc Networks (VANETs) have received increased attention due to its numerous applications in cooperative collision warning and traffic alert broadcasting. VANETs have been depending on cloud computing for networking, computing and data storage services. Emergence of advanced vehicular applications has led to the increased demand for powerful communication and computation facilities with low latency. With cloud computing unable to satisfy these demands, the focus has shifted to bring computation and communication facilities nearer to the vehicles, leading to the emergence of Vehicular Fog Computing (VFC). VFC installs highly virtualized computing and storage facilities at the proximity of these vehicles. The integration of fog computing into VANETs comes with a number of challenges that range from improved quality of service, security and privacy of data to efficient resource management. This paper presents an overview of this promising technology and discusses the issues and challenges in its implementation with future research directions.

Cloud Computing Model for Vehicular Ad hoc Networks

2018 IEEE 7th International Conference on Cloud Networking (CloudNet) ◽

10.1109/cloudnet.2018.8549536 ◽

2018 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Kashif Naseer Qureshi ◽

Faisal Bashir ◽

Saleem Iqbal

Keyword(s):

Cloud Computing ◽

Ad Hoc Networks ◽

Ad Hoc ◽

Computing Model ◽

Mobile Networks and Cloud Computing Convergence for Progressive Services and Applications - Advances in Wireless Technologies and Telecommunication ◽

Vehicular Cloud Computing

10.4018/978-1-4666-4781-7.ch014 ◽

2014 ◽

pp. 262-274 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Kayhan Zrar Ghafoor ◽

Marwan Aziz Mohammed ◽

Kamalrulnizam Abu Bakar ◽

Ali Safa Sadiq ◽

Jaime Lloret

Keyword(s):

Cloud Computing ◽

Vehicular Networks ◽

Ad Hoc ◽

Vehicular Cloud Computing ◽

Vehicular Cloud ◽

Performance Improvements ◽

Potential Applications ◽

Research Outcome ◽

Recently, Vehicular Ad Hoc Networks (VANET) have attracted the attention of research communities, leading car manufacturers, and governments due to their potential applications and specific characteristics. Their research outcome was started with awareness between vehicles for collision avoidance and Internet access and then expanded to vehicular multimedia communications. Moreover, vehicles’ high computation, communication, and storage resources set a ground for vehicular networks to deploy these applications in the near future. Nevertheless, on-board resources in vehicles are mostly underutilized. Vehicular Cloud Computing (VCC) is developed to utilize the VANET resources efficiently and provide subscribers safe infotainment services. In this chapter, the authors perform a survey of state-of-the-art vehicular cloud computing as well as the existing techniques that utilize cloud computing for performance improvements in VANET. The authors then classify the VCC based on the applications, service types, and vehicular cloud organization. They present the detail for each VCC application and formation. Lastly, the authors discuss the open issues and research directions related to VANET cloud computing.

Security in Ad Hoc Network and Computing Paradigms

Cloud Security ◽

10.4018/978-1-5225-8176-5.ch030 ◽

2019 ◽

pp. 592-620

Author(s):

Poonam Saini ◽

Awadhesh Kumar Singh

Keyword(s):

Cloud Computing ◽

Distributed Computing ◽

Ad Hoc Networks ◽

Resource Sharing ◽

Ad Hoc ◽

Dominant Role ◽

Portable Computing ◽

Secure Protocols ◽

Resource sharing is the most attractive feature of distributed computing. Information is also a kind of resource. The portable computing devices and wireless networks are playing a dominant role in enhancing the information sharing and thus in the advent of many new variants of distributed computing viz. ubiquitous, grid, cloud, pervasive and mobile. However, the open and distributed nature of Mobile Ad Hoc Networks (MANETs), Vehicular Ad Hoc Networks (VANETs) and cloud computing systems, pose a threat to information that may be coupled from one user (or program) to another. The chapter illustrates the general characteristics of ad hoc networks and computing models that make obligatory to design secure protocols in such environments. Further, we present a generic classification of various threats and attacks. In the end, we describe the security in MANETs, VANETs and cloud computing. The chapter concludes with a description of tools that are popularly used to analyze and access the performance of various security protocols.