scholarly journals Challenges of Future VANET and Cloud-Based Approaches

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-15 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rakesh Shrestha ◽  
Rojeena Bajracharya ◽  
Seung Yeob Nam
Keyword(s):  
Cloud Computing ◽  
Autonomous Vehicles ◽  
Vehicular Ad Hoc Networks ◽  
Ad Hoc ◽  
Fog Computing ◽  
High Mobility ◽  
Global Knowledge ◽  
Smart Vehicles ◽  
Traffic Efficiency ◽  
Hoc Networks

Vehicular ad hoc networks (VANETs) have been studied intensively due to their wide variety of applications and services, such as passenger safety, enhanced traffic efficiency, and infotainment. With the evolution of technology and sudden growth in the number of smart vehicles, traditional VANETs face several technical challenges in deployment and management due to less flexibility, scalability, poor connectivity, and inadequate intelligence. Cloud computing is considered a way to satisfy these requirements in VANETs. However, next-generation VANETs will have special requirements of autonomous vehicles with high mobility, low latency, real-time applications, and connectivity, which may not be resolved by conventional cloud computing. Hence, merging of fog computing with the conventional cloud for VANETs is discussed as a potential solution for several issues in current and future VANETs. In addition, fog computing can be enhanced by integrating Software-Defined Network (SDN), which provides flexibility, programmability, and global knowledge of the network. We present two example scenarios for timely dissemination of safety messages in future VANETs based on fog and a combination of fog and SDN. We also explained the issues that need to be resolved for the deployment of three different cloud-based approaches.

Vehicular Fog Computing

2017 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 15-23 ◽  
Author(s):  
Varun G. Menon ◽  
Joe Prathap
Keyword(s):  
Cloud Computing ◽  
Data Storage ◽  
Vehicular Ad Hoc Networks ◽  
Ad Hoc ◽  
Fog Computing ◽  
Security And Privacy ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Collision Warning ◽  
Efficient Resource ◽  
Hoc Networks

In recent years Vehicular Ad Hoc Networks (VANETs) have received increased attention due to its numerous applications in cooperative collision warning and traffic alert broadcasting. VANETs have been depending on cloud computing for networking, computing and data storage services. Emergence of advanced vehicular applications has led to the increased demand for powerful communication and computation facilities with low latency. With cloud computing unable to satisfy these demands, the focus has shifted to bring computation and communication facilities nearer to the vehicles, leading to the emergence of Vehicular Fog Computing (VFC). VFC installs highly virtualized computing and storage facilities at the proximity of these vehicles. The integration of fog computing into VANETs comes with a number of challenges that range from improved quality of service, security and privacy of data to efficient resource management. This paper presents an overview of this promising technology and discusses the issues and challenges in its implementation with future research directions.

Vehicular Fog Computing

Fog Computing ◽  
2018 ◽  
pp. 220-229 ◽  
Author(s):  
Varun G. Menon ◽  
Joe Prathap
Keyword(s):  
Cloud Computing ◽  
Data Storage ◽  
Vehicular Ad Hoc Networks ◽  
Ad Hoc ◽  
Fog Computing ◽  
Security And Privacy ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Collision Warning ◽  
Efficient Resource ◽  
Hoc Networks

In recent years Vehicular Ad Hoc Networks (VANETs) have received increased attention due to its numerous applications in cooperative collision warning and traffic alert broadcasting. VANETs have been depending on cloud computing for networking, computing and data storage services. Emergence of advanced vehicular applications has led to the increased demand for powerful communication and computation facilities with low latency. With cloud computing unable to satisfy these demands, the focus has shifted to bring computation and communication facilities nearer to the vehicles, leading to the emergence of Vehicular Fog Computing (VFC). VFC installs highly virtualized computing and storage facilities at the proximity of these vehicles. The integration of fog computing into VANETs comes with a number of challenges that range from improved quality of service, security and privacy of data to efficient resource management. This paper presents an overview of this promising technology and discusses the issues and challenges in its implementation with future research directions.

Vehicular Fog Computing Paradigm

2021 ◽  
pp. 1806-1821
Author(s):  
Jyoti Grover
Keyword(s):  
Cloud Computing ◽  
Vehicular Ad Hoc Networks ◽  
Fog Computing ◽  
Location Awareness ◽  
Vehicular Communication ◽  
Open Problems ◽  
Related Services ◽  
Traffic Efficiency ◽  
Computing Paradigm ◽  
Hoc Networks

The main objective of vehicular ad hoc networks (VANETs) is to improve driver safety and traffic efficiency. Most VANET applications are based on periodic exchange of safety messages between nearby vehicles and between vehicles and nearby road side communication units (e.g., traffic lights, road-side lights, etc.). This periodic communication generates huge amount of data that have typical storage, computation, and communication resources needs. In recent years, there has been huge developments in automotive industry, computing, and communication technologies. This has led to vehicular cloud computing (VCC) as a solution to satisfy the requirements of VANETs such as computing, storage, and networking resources. Vehicular fog computing (VFC) is a standard that comprehends cloud computing and related services to the proximity of a network. Since VANET applications have special mobility, low latency, and location awareness requirements, fog computing plays a significant role in VANET applications and services. In urban cities, vehicles parked at shopping malls, offices and similar other places are under-utilized. These can offer great opportunity and value to implement applications of VFC by utilizing vehicles as an infrastructure. In this chapter, we present real time scenarios and applications of VANET that can be implemented using VFC. VANET applications and quality of service can be enhanced by aggregating the resources of these vehicles. We discuss different types of scenarios of moving and parked vehicles as computational, communication, storage and network infrastructures. We have also discussed the challenges and open problems to implement VFC system. This chapter provides the thorough understanding of novel research paradigm and about vehicular communication infrastructures.

Vehicular Fog Computing Paradigm

2018 ◽  
pp. 200-215 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jyoti Grover
Keyword(s):  
Cloud Computing ◽  
Vehicular Ad Hoc Networks ◽  
Fog Computing ◽  
Location Awareness ◽  
Vehicular Communication ◽  
Open Problems ◽  
Related Services ◽  
Traffic Efficiency ◽  
Computing Paradigm ◽  
Hoc Networks

The main objective of vehicular ad hoc networks (VANETs) is to improve driver safety and traffic efficiency. Most VANET applications are based on periodic exchange of safety messages between nearby vehicles and between vehicles and nearby road side communication units (e.g., traffic lights, road-side lights, etc.). This periodic communication generates huge amount of data that have typical storage, computation, and communication resources needs. In recent years, there has been huge developments in automotive industry, computing, and communication technologies. This has led to vehicular cloud computing (VCC) as a solution to satisfy the requirements of VANETs such as computing, storage, and networking resources. Vehicular fog computing (VFC) is a standard that comprehends cloud computing and related services to the proximity of a network. Since VANET applications have special mobility, low latency, and location awareness requirements, fog computing plays a significant role in VANET applications and services. In urban cities, vehicles parked at shopping malls, offices and similar other places are under-utilized. These can offer great opportunity and value to implement applications of VFC by utilizing vehicles as an infrastructure. In this chapter, we present real time scenarios and applications of VANET that can be implemented using VFC. VANET applications and quality of service can be enhanced by aggregating the resources of these vehicles. We discuss different types of scenarios of moving and parked vehicles as computational, communication, storage and network infrastructures. We have also discussed the challenges and open problems to implement VFC system. This chapter provides the thorough understanding of novel research paradigm and about vehicular communication infrastructures.

Vehicular Cloud Computing

2014 ◽  
pp. 262-274 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kayhan Zrar Ghafoor ◽  
Marwan Aziz Mohammed ◽  
Kamalrulnizam Abu Bakar ◽  
Ali Safa Sadiq ◽  
Jaime Lloret
Keyword(s):  
Cloud Computing ◽  
Vehicular Networks ◽  
Vehicular Ad Hoc Networks ◽  
Ad Hoc ◽  
Vehicular Cloud Computing ◽  
Vehicular Cloud ◽  
Performance Improvements ◽  
Potential Applications ◽  
Research Outcome ◽  
Hoc Networks

Recently, Vehicular Ad Hoc Networks (VANET) have attracted the attention of research communities, leading car manufacturers, and governments due to their potential applications and specific characteristics. Their research outcome was started with awareness between vehicles for collision avoidance and Internet access and then expanded to vehicular multimedia communications. Moreover, vehicles’ high computation, communication, and storage resources set a ground for vehicular networks to deploy these applications in the near future. Nevertheless, on-board resources in vehicles are mostly underutilized. Vehicular Cloud Computing (VCC) is developed to utilize the VANET resources efficiently and provide subscribers safe infotainment services. In this chapter, the authors perform a survey of state-of-the-art vehicular cloud computing as well as the existing techniques that utilize cloud computing for performance improvements in VANET. The authors then classify the VCC based on the applications, service types, and vehicular cloud organization. They present the detail for each VCC application and formation. Lastly, the authors discuss the open issues and research directions related to VANET cloud computing.

Security in Ad Hoc Network and Computing Paradigms

2019 ◽  
pp. 592-620
Author(s):  
Poonam Saini ◽  
Awadhesh Kumar Singh
Keyword(s):  
Cloud Computing ◽  
Distributed Computing ◽  
Ad Hoc Networks ◽  
Resource Sharing ◽  
Vehicular Ad Hoc Networks ◽  
Ad Hoc ◽  
Dominant Role ◽  
Portable Computing ◽  
Secure Protocols ◽  
Hoc Networks

Resource sharing is the most attractive feature of distributed computing. Information is also a kind of resource. The portable computing devices and wireless networks are playing a dominant role in enhancing the information sharing and thus in the advent of many new variants of distributed computing viz. ubiquitous, grid, cloud, pervasive and mobile. However, the open and distributed nature of Mobile Ad Hoc Networks (MANETs), Vehicular Ad Hoc Networks (VANETs) and cloud computing systems, pose a threat to information that may be coupled from one user (or program) to another. The chapter illustrates the general characteristics of ad hoc networks and computing models that make obligatory to design secure protocols in such environments. Further, we present a generic classification of various threats and attacks. In the end, we describe the security in MANETs, VANETs and cloud computing. The chapter concludes with a description of tools that are popularly used to analyze and access the performance of various security protocols.

The Efficient Managemnet of Renewable Energy Resources for Vanet-Cloud Communication

2020 ◽  
pp. 228-253
Author(s):  
Nitika Kapoor ◽  
Yogesh Kumar
Keyword(s):  
Cloud Computing ◽  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Vehicular Ad Hoc Networks ◽  
Ad Hoc ◽  
Renewable Energy Resources ◽  
Mobile Nodes ◽  
Traffic Lights ◽  
Self Organized ◽  
Hoc Networks ◽  
Alternative Routes

Vehicular ad hoc networks (VANET) are networks that interconnect road and vehicles. The mobile nodes are used to connect themselves in self-organized manner. VANET is valuable that gives better performance and assures safe transportation system in prospect. Few of them are covered that helps in knowing the best protocol to be used in particular work. Initially, renewable energy is considered to be those sources that are derived either directly or indirectly from solar energy. Due to emission of harmful gases, in VANET, use of renewable resources come in existence. In another section of the chapter, various energy issues in VANET have been highlighted and added the concept of VANET-CLOUD. As cloud computing technologies have potential to improve the travelling experience and safety of roads by giving provision of various solutions like traffic lights synchronization, alternative routes, etc., VANET-CLOUD has been added at the end of the chapter.

Efficient Mechanisms and Performance Analysis of Routing Protocols in VANETs for Realistic Scenarios

2016 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 20-49 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christos Bouras ◽  
Vaggelis Kapoulas ◽  
Enea Tsanai
Keyword(s):  
Ad Hoc Networks ◽  
Routing Protocols ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Vehicular Ad Hoc Networks ◽  
Ad Hoc ◽  
Traffic Efficiency ◽  
Pattern Movement ◽  
Manet Routing ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Hoc Networks

Vehicular Ad Hoc Networks (VANETs) are considered as a special case of mobile Ad Hoc Networks (MANETs) and are recently gaining a great attention from the research community. The need for improved road safety, traffic efficiency and direct communication along with the great complexity in routing, makes VANETs a highly challenging field. Routing in VANETs has to adapt to special characteristics such as high speed and road pattern movement as well as high linkage break probability. In this work, the authors show that traditional MANET routing protocols cannot efficiently handle the challenges in a VANET environment and thus need further modifications. For this reason, they propose and implement an enhancement mechanism, applied to the GPSR routing protocol that adapts to the needs of a VANET. The proposed mechanism's performance is evaluated through simulation sets for urban and highway scenarios and compared to the performance of the most common MANET routing protocols adopted in VANETs. The proposed enhancement is shown to be considerably beneficial and it significantly outperforms the rest of the tested routing protocols for almost every topology setting.

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