Binocular Examination in Children

2022 ◽  
pp. 155-199
Author(s):  
Surbhi Bansal ◽  
Ruth Y. Shoge ◽  
Siva Meiyeppen
Keyword(s):  
Binocular Vision ◽  
Ocular Motor ◽  
Motor Testing ◽  
Cover Test

This chapter introduces the reader to tests commonly performed in a binocular vision examination to determine a child's binocular status. The testings introduced in this chapter are all chairside techniques that do not involve a significant amount of extra equipment or time. The binocular examination consists of determining the ocular position and then accommodation, vergence, and ocular motor statuses. The ocular position consists of determining where the eyes point in space and if they are correctly aligned. Evaluation of ocular alignment and the ability to move the eyes with coordination can be determined with various techniques, including Hirschberg, Krimsky, cover test, as well as Modified Thorington, motor testing, and vergence ranges. This chapter will familiarize the clinician with the basics of binocular vision testing and improve the reader's comfort with the various elements of the binocular vision examination.

scholarly journals Pitfalls and Rewards for Implementing Ocular Motor Testing in Acute Vestibular Syndrome

2017 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 44-47 ◽  
Author(s):  
Oana M. Dumitrascu ◽  
Sam Torbati ◽  
Mourad Tighiouart ◽  
David E. Newman-Toker ◽  
Shlee S. Song
Keyword(s):  
Ocular Motor ◽  
Motor Testing ◽  
Acute Vestibular Syndrome

scholarly journals Refractive Errors and Binocular Vision Anomalies among Young University Students

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 23
Author(s):  
Waleed M. Alghamdi ◽  
Muhammed S. Alluwimi ◽  
Sulaiman A. Aldakhil ◽  
Majid A. Moafa ◽  
Mansour A. Alghamdi
Keyword(s):  
Saudi Arabia ◽  
Academic Performance ◽  
University Students ◽  
Binocular Vision ◽  
P Value ◽  
Refractive Errors ◽  
Work Related ◽  
Convergence Insufficiency ◽  
Near Work ◽  
Cover Test

It has been reported that refractive errors (RE) and binocular vision (BV) anomalies are common among university students. In this study we aimed to assess RE and BV status among university students in Saudi Arabia, and its relation to the academic performance. We recruited 109 participants (aged from 18 to 21 years). Visual acuity (VA) and objective refraction were used to assess the refractive status. Cover test, near-point convergence (NPC) and stereopsis tests were used to assess the BV status. Convergence insufficiency symptom survey (CISS) was applied to quantify near-work related symptoms. Mann-Whitney U test (p value was set as p < 0.05) was used to compare VA, CISS, NPC and the academic performance between the groups who had heterophoria versus orthophoria. We found that there was only 38% emmetrope, while the percentage of heterophoria was 45.8%. The academic performance was not statistically different among the two groups, but CISS and stereopsis scores were significantly different (p < 0.03). We concluded that RE and BV anomalies were common among university students in Saudi Arabia, but did not affect the academic performance. More studies are warranted to understand the low scores of CISS and stereoacuity, and their association with RE and BV anomalies.

Age related changes in ocular motor testing in healthy subjects

2015 ◽  
Vol 25 (2) ◽  
pp. 57-66 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fokion Seferlis ◽  
Theognosia S. Chimona ◽  
Chariton E. Papadakis ◽  
John Bizakis ◽  
Stefanos Triaridis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Healthy Subjects ◽  
Ocular Motor ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Motor Testing ◽  
Age Related Changes

Vision and Athletic Performance: Data from Agility Dogs

2018 ◽  
pp. 38-47
Keyword(s):  
Binocular Vision ◽  
Refractive Error ◽  
Athletic Performance ◽  
Individual Case ◽  
Spherical Equivalent ◽  
Physical Attributes ◽  
Eye Alignment ◽  
Vision Therapy ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Cover Test

Background: To explore the relationship between vision problems and athletic performance, we measured refractive error and binocular vision in highly trained canine athletes. This group offers the opportunity to examine vision effects pristinely, without any influence of corrective lenses or vision therapy. Such a study is impossible in humans, but can add insight about the influence vision has on athletic performance in general. Methods: 210 dogs were recruited via word of mouth and examined at agility events in California, Texas, and Washington for cover test near and far, prism bar vergence near and far, Hirschberg and Bruckner tests for eye alignment, and retinoscopy. Owners and/or trainers categorized each dog as a good or poor jumper. Results: 190 dogs qualified; 54 (28.4%) had binocular disorders and 136 (71.6%) did not. Among those without binocular problems, mean SE was +0.07 D for good jumpers and -0.82 D for poor jumpers; poor jumpers were significantly more myopic and had more astigmatism than good jumpers. However, because the distribution of refractive errors in our sample was broad (from -3.00 to +3.00 spherical equivalent), some myopic dogs were good jumpers and some emmetropic and hyperopic dogs were poor jumpers. Binocular vision problems had a separate and sometimes additive effect, with anisometropia and unilateral (constant) strabismus more strongly related to poor jumping than alternating strabismus. Regression analysis showed that binocular competence had relatively more weight in jumping than refraction. Conclusions: Refractive error and binocular problems can affect jumping behavior in highly trained canine athletes. However, these vision problems are not predictive for any individual case, and as with human athletes, some individuals appear able to overcome physical attributes that for others are limiting. The results support the importance of vision, and in particular binocular and refractive problems, to athletic performance for humans as well as canines.

scholarly journals Eye Motility Alterations in Retinitis Pigmentosa

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Raffaele Migliorini ◽  
Anna Maria Comberiati ◽  
Giovanni Galeoto ◽  
Manuela Fratipietro ◽  
Loredana Arrico
Keyword(s):  
Visual Acuity ◽  
Retinitis Pigmentosa ◽  
Binocular Vision ◽  
Ocular Motility ◽  
Genetic Origin ◽  
Vertical Deviation ◽  
The Right ◽  
Range Of Values ◽  
Cover Test

Purpose. We evaluated a sample of individuals with retinitis pigmentosa (RP) with the aim of assessing the presence or absence of ocular motility (OM) disorders.Materials and Methods. We included 23 out of the 25 individuals from the sample (9 females and 14 males) with an average visual acuity of 6/10.Results. The cover test about the vertical deviation in near distance showed an r/l in 3.45% and an l/r in 6.9%. The assessment of OM showed that 39.1% of the sample had a severe hyperfunction of the IO of the right eye and a severe hyperfunction (34.5%) of the SO of the left eye; 21.8% had a moderate hypofunction of right SO with a moderate percentage of hypofunction of 17.5% for the SO of the left eye; 30.5%, however, showed a serious hypofunction of the SR of both eyes; 21.7% of the sample showed a hyperfunction in both eyes of the IR.Conclusion. This alteration, however, is not attributable to either a high refractive defect (medium-low myopia: −1 diopter±3 SD) or to a severely impaired binocular vision (visual acuity, motor fusion, and stereopsis are normal or within a range of values commonly accepted). Therefore, the disorders of OM lead to a genetic origin.

Curiosities of Binocular Vision

1913 ◽  
Vol 76 (1964supp) ◽  
pp. 122-123
Author(s):  
Frederic Campbell
Keyword(s):  
Binocular Vision
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