scholarly journals Detection and Identification of Microbial Volatile Organic Compounds of the Green Mold Disease

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 14-28
Author(s):  
Dalma Radványi ◽  
András Geösel ◽  
Zsuzsa Jókai ◽  
Péter Fodor ◽  
Attila Gere
Keyword(s):  
Volatile Organic Compounds ◽  
Organic Compounds ◽  
Solid Phase ◽  
Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Identification System ◽  
Mushroom Species ◽  
Detection And Identification ◽  
Volatile Organic ◽  
Microbial Volatile Organic Compounds ◽  
Green Mould

Button mushrooms are one of the most commonly cultivated mushroom species facing different risks e.g.: viral, bacterial and fungal diseases. One of the most common problems is caused by Trichoderma aggressivum, or ‘green mould' disease. The presence or absence of mushroom disease-related moulds can sufficiently be detected from the air by headspace solid-phase microextraction coupled gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (HS SPME GC-MS) via their emitted microbial volatile organic compounds (MVOCs). In the present study, HS SPME GC-MS was used to explore the volatile secondary metabolites released by T. aggressivum f. europaeum on different nutrient-rich and -poor media. The MVOC pattern of green mould was determined, then media-dependent and independent biomarkers were also identified during metabolomic experiments. The presented results provide the basics of a green mould identification system which helps producers reducing yield loss, new directions for researchers in mapping the metabolomic pathways of T. aggressivum and new tools for policy makers in mushroom quality control.

Fungal Infections of Fresh-Cut Fruit Can Be Detected by the Gas Chromatography–Mass Spectrometric Identification of Microbial Volatile Organic Compounds

2005 ◽  
Vol 68 (6) ◽  
pp. 1211-1216 ◽  
Author(s):  
STEVEN W. LLOYD ◽  
CASEY C. GRIMM ◽  
MAREN A. KLICH ◽  
SHANNON B. BELTZ
Keyword(s):  
Gas Chromatography ◽  
Volatile Organic Compounds ◽  
Organic Compounds ◽  
Solid Phase ◽  
Fungal Infections ◽  
Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Fungal Contamination ◽  
Volatile Organic ◽  
Microbial Volatile Organic Compounds ◽  
Fresh Cut

There is a large and rapidly growing market for fresh-cut fruit. Microbial volatile organic compounds indicate the presence of fungal or bacterial contamination in fruit. In order to determine whether microbial volatile organic compounds can be used to detect contamination before fruit becomes unmarketable, pieces of cantaloupe, apple, pineapple, and orange were inoculated with a variety of fungal species, incubated at 25°C, then sealed in glass vials. The volatiles were extracted by headspace solid-phase microextraction and analyzed by gas chromatography–mass spectrometry. Forty-five compounds were identified that might serve as unique identifiers of fungal contamination. Fungal contamination can be detected as early as 24 h after inoculation.

Development of a Headspace-Solid Phase Micro Extraction Method for the Analysis of Volatile and Semi-Volatile Organic Compounds from Polyurethane Resins for Leather Finishing

2021 ◽  
Vol 116 (8) ◽  
Author(s):  
Antonia Flores ◽  
Silvia Sorolla ◽  
Concepció Casas ◽  
Rosa Cuadros ◽  
Anna Bacardit
Keyword(s):  
Gas Chromatography ◽  
Volatile Organic Compounds ◽  
Organic Compounds ◽  
Solid Phase ◽  
Monomethyl Ether ◽  
Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Extraction Temperature ◽  
Solid Phase Micro Extraction ◽  
Volatile Organic ◽  
Leather Finishing

Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) and Semi-Volatile Organic Compounds (SVOCs) arise from the chemicals used in the various stages of the leather manufacturing process. An important aim of the tanning industry is to minimize or eliminate VOCs and SVOCs, without lowering the quality of leather.   This paper shows the development of a new headspace-solid phase micro extraction coupled with gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (HS-SPME/GC-MS) method for the identification of VOCs and SVOCs emitted by newly designed polymers for the leather finishing operation. These new polymers are polyurethane resins designed to reduce the VOC and SVOC concentration. This method enables a simple and fast determination of the qualitative and semi-quantitative content of VOCs and SVOCs in polyurethane-type finishing resins. The chemicals that are of concern in this paper are the following: Dipropylene glycol Monomethyl Ether (DPGME), DBE-3 (a mixture of dibasic esters) and Triethylamine (TEA). The test conditions that have been determined to carry out the HS-SPME assay are the following: incubation time (2 hours), extraction temperature and time (40°C; 5 minutes) and the desorption conditions (280°C, 50 seconds).  Ten samples of laboratory scale resins were tested by HS-SPME followed by gas chromatography (GC-MS). DPGME and DBE-3 (a mixture of dimethyl adipate, dimethyl glutarate and dimethyl succinate) have been identified effectively. The compounds are identified by a quantitative method using external calibration curves for the target compounds. The technique is not effective to determine the TEA compound, since the chromatograms shown poor resolution peaks for the standard. 

scholarly journals Chemical Profiling of Volatile Organic Compounds in the Headspace of Algal Cultures as Early Biomarkers of Algal Pond Crashes

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kristen L. Reese ◽  
Carolyn L. Fisher ◽  
Pamela D. Lane ◽  
James D. Jaryenneh ◽  
Matthew W. Moorman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Volatile Organic Compounds ◽  
Organic Compounds ◽  
Biomass Production ◽  
Brachionus Plicatilis ◽  
Solid Phase ◽  
Algal Cell ◽  
Algal Growth ◽  
Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Volatile Organic ◽  
Early Indicators

Abstract Algae ponds used in industrial biomass production are susceptible to pathogen or grazer infestation, resulting in pond crashes with high economic costs. Current methods to monitor and mitigate unhealthy ponds are hindered by a lack of early indicators that precede culture crash. We used solid-phase microextraction (SPME) coupled with gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) to identify volatiles emitted from healthy and rotifer infested cultures of Microchloropsis salina. After 48 hours of algal growth, marine rotifers, Brachionus plicatilis, were added to the algae cultures and volatile organic compounds (VOC) were sampled from the headspace using SPME fibers. A GC-MS approach was used in an untargeted analysis of VOCs, followed by preliminary identification. The addition of B. plicatilis to healthy cultures of M. salina resulted in decreased algal cell numbers, relative to uninfected controls, and generated trans-β-ionone and β-cyclocitral, which were attributed to carotenoid degradation. The abundances of the carotenoid-derived VOCs increased with rotifer consumption of algae. Our results indicate that specific VOCs released by infected algae cultures may be early indicators for impending pond crashes, providing a useful tool to monitor algal biomass production and pond crash prevention.

scholarly journals Volatile Organic Components from Fresh Non-edible Basidiomycetes Fungi

2009 ◽  
Vol 4 (12) ◽  
pp. 1934578X0900401 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marisa Piovano ◽  
Juan A. Garbarino ◽  
Elizabeth Sánchez ◽  
Manuel E. Young
Keyword(s):  
Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Gas Chromatography ◽  
Volatile Organic Compounds ◽  
Organic Compounds ◽  
Solid Phase Microextraction ◽  
Solid Phase ◽  
Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Organic Components ◽  
Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Volatile Organic

The compounds responsible for the characteristic odor of eight fresh non-edible Basidiomycetes fungi were evaluated. The volatile organic compounds from the fresh samples present in the headspace of a sealed vial were determined by solid-phase microextraction gas chromatography-mass spectrometry, using a PDMS/DVB fiber. A total of twenty-eight components were identified, the most frequent being 1-octen-3-ol and 3-octanone.

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