scholarly journals Linguistic Processor Integration for Solving Planimetric Problems

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (4) ◽  
pp. 1-14
Author(s):  
Sergeyi S. Kurbatov
Keyword(s):  
Natural Language ◽  
Syntactic Structure ◽  
Semantic Representation ◽  
Interactive Visualization ◽  
Subject Area ◽  
Syntactic Structures ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Language Description

The research deals with the original algorithms of the linguistic processor integration for solving planimetric problems. The linguistic processor translates the natural language description of the problem into a semantic representation based on the ontology that supports the axiomatics of geometry. The linguistic processor synthesizes natural-language comments to the solution and drawing objects. The method of interactive visualization of the linguistic processor functioning is proposed. The method provides a step-by-step dialog control of syntactic structure construction and its display in semantic representation. During the experiments, several dozens of standard syntactic structures correctly displayed in the semantic structures of the subject area were obtained. The direction of further research related to the development of the proposed approach is outlined.

scholarly journals Linguistic processor integration for solving planimetric problems

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (4) ◽  
pp. 0-0
Keyword(s):  
Natural Language ◽  
Syntactic Structure ◽  
Semantic Representation ◽  
Interactive Visualization ◽  
Subject Area ◽  
Syntactic Structures ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Language Description

The research deals with the original algorithms of the linguistic processor integration for solving planimetric problems. The linguistic processor translates the natural language description of the problem into a semantic representation based on the ontology that supports the axiomatics of geometry. The linguistic processor synthesizes natural-language comments to the solution and drawing objects. The method of interactive visualization of the linguistic processor functioning is proposed. The method provides a step-by-step dialog control of syntactic structure construction and its display in semantic representation. During the experiments, several dozens of standard syntactic structures correctly displayed in the semantic structures of the subject area were obtained. The direction of further research related to the development of the proposed approach is outlined.

Linguistic processor of the integrated system for solving planimetric problems

2021 ◽  
Vol 25 (2) ◽  
pp. 185-193
Author(s):  
Sergeyi S. Kurbatov
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Study ◽  
Natural Language ◽  
Syntactic Structure ◽  
Semantic Representation ◽  
Interactive Visualization ◽  
Integrated System ◽  
Regular Expressions ◽  
Language Description

The paper deals with the original algorithms of the linguistic processor of the integrated system for solving planimetric problems. The algorithms successfully combine the method of synonymic transformations with the extended method of regular expressions processing. The linguistic processor translates the natural language description of the problem into a semantic representation based on the ontology that supports the axiomatics of geometry. Linguistic processor synthesizes natural-language comments to the solution and drawing objects. The method of interactive visualization of the linguistic processor functioning is proposed. The method provides a step-by-step dialog control of syntactic structure construction and its display in semantic representation. The results of the experimental study of the linguistic processor are interpreted. The direction of further research related to the development of the proposed approach is outlined.

scholarly journals A Deep Paraphrase Identification Model Interacting Semantics with Syntax

Complexity ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-14
Author(s):  
Leilei Kong ◽  
Zhongyuan Han ◽  
Yong Han ◽  
Haoliang Qi
Keyword(s):  
Neural Network ◽  
Natural Language ◽  
Convolutional Neural Network ◽  
Semantic Representation ◽  
Experimental Results ◽  
Plagiarism Detection ◽  
Linguistic Features ◽  
Syntactic Structures ◽  
Syntactic Features ◽  
Identification Model

Paraphrase identification is central to many natural language applications. Based on the insight that a successful paraphrase identification model needs to adequately capture the semantics of the language objects as well as their interactions, we present a deep paraphrase identification model interacting semantics with syntax (DPIM-ISS) for paraphrase identification. DPIM-ISS introduces the linguistic features manifested in syntactic features to produce more explicit structures and encodes the semantic representation of sentence on different syntactic structures by means of interacting semantics with syntax. Then, DPIM-ISS learns the paraphrase pattern from this representation interacting the semantics with syntax by exploiting a convolutional neural network with convolution-pooling structure. Experiments are conducted on the corpus of Microsoft Research Paraphrase (MSRP), PAN 2010 corpus, and PAN 2012 corpus for paraphrase plagiarism detection. The experimental results demonstrate that DPIM-ISS outperforms the classical word-matching approaches, the syntax-similarity approaches, the convolution neural network-based models, and some deep paraphrase identification models.

The indivisibility of words

1979 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 39-47 ◽  
Author(s):  
Geoffrey Sampson
Keyword(s):  
Natural Language ◽  
Syntactic Structure ◽  
Semantic Representation ◽  
Tree Structure ◽  
Breaking Point ◽  
Derivational Morphology ◽  
Adequate Description ◽  
Linguistic Representation ◽  
Level I

Many contemporary linguists hold that an adequate description of a natural language must represent many of its vocabulary items as syntactically and/or semantically complex. A sentence containing the word kill, for instance, will on this view be assigned a ‘deep syntactic structure’ or ‘semantic representation’ in which kill is represented by a portion or portions of tree-structure, the lowest nodes of which are labelled with ‘semantic primitives’ such as CAUSE and DIE, or CAUSE, BECOME, NOT and ALIVE. In the case of words such as cats or walked, which are formed in accordance with productive rules of ‘inflexional’ rather than ‘derivational’ morphology, there is little dispute that their composite status will be reflected at most or all levels of linguistic representation. (That is why I refer, above, to ‘vocabulary items’: cat and cats may be called different ‘words’, but not different elements of the English vocbulary.) When morphologically simple words such as kill are treated as composite at a ‘deeper’ level, I, for one, find my credulity strained to breaking point. (The case of words formed in accordance with productive or non-productive rules of derivational morphology, such as killer or kingly, is an intermediate one and I shall briefly return to it below.)

scholarly journals Hindi aspectual complex predicates

2009 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shakthi Poornima ◽  
Jean-Pierre Koenig
Keyword(s):  
Syntactic Structure ◽  
The Other ◽  
Complex Predicates ◽  
Case Assignment ◽  
Syntactic Structures ◽  
Complex Predicate ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Intransitive Verbs ◽  
Syntax Of Aspect

This paper discusses ergative case assignment in Hindi and its interaction with aspectual verb complexes or complex predicate constructions. It is shown that ergative case is assigned by the last head in the aspectual verb complex and that ergative case on the subject of intransitive verbs denoting bodily-functions is associated with a counter-to-expectation meaning. It is then shown that aspect complex predicates in Hindi involve two distinct syntactic structures, which have similar semantics. While one syntactic structure involves argument composition, the other involves a head-modifier structure. It is argued that the existence of two structures favor approaches to the interface between syntax and semantics which do not require a uniform isomorphism between the semantics and syntax of aspect.

scholarly journals Induction of the transformation rules of the natural language problem statement into a semantic model for generating solver

2020 ◽  
pp. 29-39
Author(s):  
Vladimir Viktorovich Pekunov
Keyword(s):  
Natural Language ◽  
Automatic Generation ◽  
Training Sample ◽  
Subject Area ◽  
Semantic Model ◽  
Vector Data ◽  
Literary Sources ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Inducing Schemes ◽  
First Time

The author considers a problem of automatic synthesis (induction) of the rules for transforming the natural language formulation of the problem into a semantic model of the problem. According to this model a program that solves this problem can be generated. The  problem is considered in relation to the system of generation, recognition and transformation of programs PGEN ++. Based on the analysis of literary sources, a combined approach was chosen to solve this problem, within which the rules for transforming the natural language formulation into a semantic model of the problem are generated automatically, and the specifications of the generating classes and the rules for generating a program from the model are written manually by a specialist in a specific subject area. Within the framework of object-event models, for the first time, a mechanism for the automatic generation of recognizing scripts and related entities (CSV tables, XPath functions) was proposed. Generation is based on the analysis of the training sample, which includes sentences describing objects in the subject area, in combination with instances of such objects. The analysis is performed by searching for unique keywords and characteristic grammatical relationships, followed by the application of simple eliminative-inducing schemes. A mechanism for the automatic generation of rules for replenishing / completing the primary recognized models to full meaning ones is also proposed. Such generation is performed by analyzing the relations between the objects of the training sample, taking into account information from the specifications of the classes of the subject area. The proposed schemes have been tested on the subject area "Simple vector data processing", the successful transformation of natural language statements (both included in the training set and modified) into semantic models with the subsequent generation of programs solving the assigned tasks is shown.

scholarly journals Method for resolving the lexical polysemous search query based on ontology

2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (89) ◽  
pp. 103-110
Author(s):  
Iuliia I. Butenko ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Natural Language ◽  
Search Engine ◽  
Subject Area ◽  
Search Query ◽  
Lexical Unit ◽  
Area Of Interest ◽  
Factors Influencing ◽  
Semantic Component ◽  
Subject Areas ◽  
The Subject

One of the factors influencing the relevance of search output is the multivalued search query, expressed by lexical means of a natural language. The multivalued lexical unit manifests itself at the stage of a search query. The method of removing the multivalence of lexical units in a search query based on ontologies is proposed. It is grounded that ontologies allow transferring semantic component of data related to a subject area accurately enough. The proposed method for lexical multivariance resolution can be described as follows. A user search query is received at the search engine input. The search engine contacts the ontology library to find the query. If the lexical unit from the search query is multivalued, the search engine will offer the user a list of subject areas in which the lexical unit from the search query was found. Oft the user searches in advance for the result from a particular subject area. When the subject area is defined, the search engine determines the nearest elements in the structure of ontology, and when ranking the search output will be guided by their presence or absence. The use of ontologies also allows adding synonyms and acronyms meaning the same to the search query. The proposed approach will allow solving lexical multiplicity and significantly relieving the search output, leaving only the subject area of interest to the user.

scholarly journals Prosody and Processing: Comprehension and Production of Topic-Comment and Subject-Predicate Structures in Brazilian Portuguese / Prosódia e processamento: compreensão e produção de estruturas de tópico e de sujeito no português brasileiro

2018 ◽  
Vol 26 (4) ◽  
pp. 1601
Author(s):  
Andressa Christine Oliveira da Silva ◽  
Aline Alves Fonseca
Keyword(s):  
Native Speakers ◽  
Syntactic Structure ◽  
Brazilian Portuguese ◽  
Subject Position ◽  
Production Task ◽  
Linguistic Processing ◽  
Passive Voice ◽  
Syntactic Structures ◽  
Reading Technique ◽  
The Subject

Abstract: This paper explores the influence of prosody in the processes of comprehension and production of sentences in Brazilian Portuguese with topic-comment syntactic structure and sentences with subject-predicate syntactic structure, in active or passive voice. Three experimental activities were carried out, one production task and two comprehension tasks. Experiment 1 consisted of a perception task with the ABX technique, and it aimed to test if hearers recognize prosodic differences between topicalized Determinant Phrases (DPs) and DPs in subject position. Experiment 2 consisted of a sentence elicitation task with Cross-modal naming technique and it aimed to investigate whether Portuguese native speakers produce a subject-predicate structure or a topic-comment structure in contexts that favor the occurrence of these syntactic structures in speech. Experiment 3 consisted of a comprehension task with Self-paced listening and reading technique and it aimed to investigate whether prosodic characteristics of a DP, in topic or subject position, can guide hearers during the processing in order to distinguish between these two syntactic categories. From the comprehension/perception perspective, the results of the experiments 1 and 3 indicated that speakers recognize the prosodic differences between the topicalized DPs and the subject DPs, and use such characteristics during linguistic processing. From the production perspective, the results of experiment 2 revealed that speakers are able to produce sentences consistent with topic-comment and subject-predicate syntactic structures when the context favors the occurrence of one of them. Nevertheless, the results also reveal a preference for the subject-predicate structure over the topic-comment structure in BP.Keywords: prosody-syntax; topic-comment; subject-predicate.Resumo: Este trabalho investiga a influência da prosódia nos processos de compreensão e produção de sentenças com elementos topicalizados, do tipo tópico-comentário, e sentenças com a estrutura de sujeito-predicado, na voz ativa ou passiva, do Português Brasileiro. Aplicaram-se três atividades experimentais, uma tarefa de produção e duas de compreensão. O Experimento 1 consistiu em um teste de percepção com a técnica ABX, cujo objetivo foi testar se ouvintes reconhecem as diferenças prosódicas entre Determinant Phrases (DPs) topicalizados e DPs em posição de sujeito não topicalizado. O Experimento 2 consistiu em um teste de elicitação de frases com imagens do tipo Cross-modal naming, cujo objetivo foi investigar se em contextos que favorecem a ocorrência de estruturas de sujeito ou de estruturas topicalizadas, os falantes produzem frases consistentes com tais estruturas sintáticas. O Experimento 3 consistiu em uma tarefa de compreensão, com a técnica Self-paced listening and reading, cujo objetivo foi investigar se as características prosódicas de um DP, em posição de tópico ou de sujeito, conseguem guiar o processamento linguístico dos ouvintes na distinção entre essas duas categorias sintáticas. Na compreensão/percepção, os resultados dos experimentos indicaram que os falantes reconhecem as diferenças prosódicas entre os DPs topicalizados e os DPs em posição de sujeito, e utilizam tais características durante o processamento linguístico. Na produção, os resultados revelaram que os falantes produzem frases consistentes com estruturas sintáticas de tópico e de sujeito quando o contexto favorece o aparecimento delas, entretanto, apontam para uma preferência da estrutura de sujeito como default no PB.Palavras-chave: prosódia-sintaxe; tópico-comentário; sujeito-predicado.

scholarly journals Zero subjects and their reference in spoken language

2015 ◽  
pp. 1-17
Author(s):  
Simona Akamauskaitė ◽  
Vytautas Kardelis
Keyword(s):  
Syntactic Structure ◽  
Spoken Language ◽  
Zero Element ◽  
Cognitive Schemas ◽  
Syntactic Structures ◽  
Semantic Coherence ◽  
Dual Interpretation ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Real Picture ◽  
The Relationship

The article further deals with the subject of the reference of zero subjects on the basis of the main theoretical premises discussed earlier (see Akamauskaitė, Kardelis 2014, 1–18). The analysis of individual examples in which the position opened up by the verb is occupied by a zero article has demonstrated that zero subjects tend to prevail. However, it is also important to note that a considerable part of the examples are subject to a dual interpretation where a phonologically unexpressed zero element may be considered both as a zero, and as a zero anaphoric subject. As a result, the most reliable criterion in examining such cases is the analysis of the wider context. Discourse is a domain in which it is possible to observe the real picture of the usage of zero and zero anaphoric subjects in spoken language. The analysis of individual examples has revealed that in order to clearly distinguish between zero and zero anaphoric subjects, and to determine the referents of zero subjects as well as describe their features, the analysis of one sentence is not sufficient. The investigation of the reference of zero subjects requires the analysis of a more extensive discourse and the consideration of the formal and the semantic consistency of the text. In other words, it requires the analysis of coherence and cohesion, their interaction and the relationship between them. The surface structure of a sentence does not always reflect the deep (semantic) coherence, whereas a discourse, which enables a researcher to reveal specific means of cohesion, an important factor is the concrete situation, around which centres the discourse that is (being) created. In addition, a significant role is also played by the cognitive aspect, the general background knowledge, and the relationship between the addressee and the addresser.The main objectives of this article are as follows: 1) to identify zero anaphoric (and cataphoric) and zero subjects that are present in discourse; 2) to analyse the reference of zero subjects and define the features of their referents. In this article the theoretical principles of the analysis are not discussed separately since they correspond to the ones presented in the analysis of individual examples.The empirical data for the analysis of the reference of zero subjects have been obtained from collections of dialectal texts of the Šakiai and Griškabūdis sub-dialects of the Kauniškiai variety of Western Aukštaitija. The sources include the following texts: Rima Bacevičiūtė’s “Texts of the Šakiai sub-dialect” (ŠT) (2006) and Rima Bacevičiūtė and Vilija Sakalauskienė’s “Texts of the surroundings of Griškabūdis” (GT) (2008). In order to see a more extensive distribution of zero subjects, three texts that differ in length and structure have been purposefully selected for the analysis. To maintain the visual representation and clarity the same text in the article is presented twice. At first, all zero subjects are marked in the text using symbol Ø1 (zero subjects are marked with number; if the number repeats it means that the subject of the zero referent (or antecedent) is the same). Having analysed the discourse, i.e. having identified zero anaphoric (cataphoric) subjects and zero subjects, having established the referents of zero subjects and having described their features, the text is presented one more time. It includes the marking of:a) zero subjects (and the features of their referents); Øunspecified, Øgeneralised, Øx (this marking is used to indicate a zero subject when the features of its referent are subject to a dual interpretation or are unclear);b) zero anaphoric subjects (and their antecedents) [ØA farmers];a) zero cataphoric subjects (and their antecedents) [ØK they both].The analysis of three different texts has revealed important evidence, i.e. zero anaphoric subjects have absolutely no prevalence in discourse. In addition, an important role is played by the structure of a text. Zero anaphoric subjects are dominant in the second text, whereas they no longer prevail in the third one, although their subject-matter is rather similar. As a result, it is possible to conclude that the distribution of zero subjects in a text is determined by more factors than just the syntactic structure. Most probably it is determined by the semantic structure created by means of cohesion and coherence. In addition, it is important to highlight that the above-mentioned mechanism and the distribution of zero subjects as well as syntactic structures related to them are most probably governed by certain cognitive schemas created by the addressee and the addresser.In order to get a clearer picture of incompleteness, it would be interesting to research two more issues such as: a) the distribution of constructions with anaphoric zero subjects and constructions with anaphoric pronouns (Pro3 (he, she, they[masculine] , they[feminine])) and the relationship between such constructions in discourse; b) to compare the discourse of a similar topic in different sub-dialects.

The Linguistic Expression of a Semantic Relation

1998 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
pp. 175-188
Author(s):  
Sophie Aslanides
Keyword(s):  
Natural Language ◽  
Syntactic Structure ◽  
Semantic Representation ◽  
Semantic Relation ◽  
Linguistic Knowledge ◽  
Linguistic Expression ◽  
Generation System ◽  
Language Generation ◽  
Linguistic Databases ◽  
Linguistic Means

Abstract. This article sets out some of the results of wider research on the linguistic databases of a natural language generation system. One of the necessary steps in the building of such databases is to determine the linguistic means the generator must have in order to produce a linguistic form that corresponds to the semantic representation given as an input. We wish to focus here on the theoretical choices and issues rather than on the application itself. We assume that texts have a syntactic structure, whose characteristics are partly comparable to the syntactic structure of a sentence, and that a connective can be considered as a textual predicate which has arguments that are constrained in the same way as the arguments of a verb. This article will concentrate more specifically on one particular semantic relation — the simultaneity of two events — and will show how the taxonomy of the associated connectives can be elaborated. Finally, we will set out some of the major developments of this research, which concern the interface between conceptual and linguistic knowledge.

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