Optimized Base Station Sleeping and Renewable Energy Procurement Scheme Using PSO

Energy efficiency of the wireless networks has drawn more and more attentions due to the requirement of the green communication. The base station sleeping strategy and resource allocation can effectively improve the energy efficiency for the wireless networks. Meanwhile, renewable energy is important to decrease the carbon emission. In this paper, the authors propose a joint BS sleeping strategy, resource allocation and renewable energy procurement scheme to maximize the profit of the network operators and minimize the carbon emission. Then, a joint optimization problem is formulated, which is a mixed integer programming problem. To solve it, they adopt the bi-velocity discrete particle swarm optimization (BVDPSO) algorithm to optimize the BS sleeping strategy. When the BS sleeping strategy is fixed, the authors propose an optimal algorithm based on Lagrange dual domain method to optimize the power allocation, subcarrier assignment and energy procurement. Numerical results illustrate the effectiveness of their proposed scheme and algorithm.

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Optimized Base Station Sleeping and Smart Grid Energy Procurement Scheme to Improve Energy Efficiency

Critical Developments and Applications of Swarm Intelligence - Advances in Computational Intelligence and Robotics ◽

10.4018/978-1-5225-5134-8.ch014 ◽

2018 ◽

pp. 357-378

Author(s):

Qiang Wang ◽

Hai-Lin Liu

Keyword(s):

Carbon Emission ◽

Optimal Algorithm ◽

Base Station ◽

Mixed Integer ◽

Integer Programming Problem ◽

Swarm Optimization ◽

Improve Energy Efficiency ◽

Dual Domain ◽

Mixed Integer Programming Problem ◽

Subcarrier Assignment

In this chapter, the authors propose a joint BS sleeping strategy, resource allocation, and energy procurement scheme to maximize the profit of the network operators and minimize the carbon emission. Then, a joint optimization problem is formulated, which is a mixed-integer programming problem. To solve it, they adopt the bi-velocity discrete particle swarm optimization (BVDPSO) algorithm to optimize the BS sleeping strategy. When the BS sleeping strategy is fixed, the authors propose an optimal algorithm based on Lagrange dual domain method to optimize the power allocation, subcarrier assignment, and energy procurement. Numerical results illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed scheme and algorithm.

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Optimized Base Station Sleeping and Smart Grid Energy Procurement Scheme to Improve Energy Efficiency

10.4018/978-1-6684-3666-0.ch022 ◽

2022 ◽

pp. 465-486

Author(s):

Qiang Wang ◽

Hai-Lin Liu

Keyword(s):

Carbon Emission ◽

Optimal Algorithm ◽

Base Station ◽

Mixed Integer ◽

Integer Programming Problem ◽

Swarm Optimization ◽

Improve Energy Efficiency ◽

Dual Domain ◽

Mixed Integer Programming Problem ◽

Subcarrier Assignment

In this chapter, the authors propose a joint BS sleeping strategy, resource allocation, and energy procurement scheme to maximize the profit of the network operators and minimize the carbon emission. Then, a joint optimization problem is formulated, which is a mixed-integer programming problem. To solve it, they adopt the bi-velocity discrete particle swarm optimization (BVDPSO) algorithm to optimize the BS sleeping strategy. When the BS sleeping strategy is fixed, the authors propose an optimal algorithm based on Lagrange dual domain method to optimize the power allocation, subcarrier assignment, and energy procurement. Numerical results illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed scheme and algorithm.

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Optimizing the Spectrum and Power Allocation for D2D-Enabled Communication Systems Using DC Programming

Journal of Electrical and Computer Engineering ◽

10.1155/2020/6135257 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 2020 ◽

pp. 1-10

Author(s):

Guomei Gan ◽

Yanhu Huang ◽

Qiang Wang

Keyword(s):

Resource Allocation ◽

Power Allocation ◽

Communication Systems ◽

Dc Programming ◽

Base Station ◽

Allocation Problem ◽

Mixed Integer ◽

Integer Programming Problem ◽

Resource Allocation Problem ◽

Subcarrier Assignment

Device to device (D2D) communication has recently attracted a lot of attentions since it can significantly improve the system throughput and reduce the energy consumption. Indeed, the devices can communicate with each other in a D2D system, and the base station (BS) can share the spectrum with D2D users, which can efficiently improve the spectrum and energy efficiency. Nevertheless, spectrum sharing also raises the difficulty of resource allocation owing to the serious cochannel interference. To reduce the interference, the transmit power of the D2D pairs and BS to cellular users should be further optimized. In this paper, we consider the resource allocation problem of D2D networks involving the power allocation and subcarrier assignment. The resource allocation problem is formulated as a mixed integer programming problem which is difficult to solve. To reduce the computational complexity, the original problem is decomposed as two subproblems in terms of the subcarrier assignment and power allocation. For the subcarrier assignment problem, the particle swarm optimization (PSO) is adopted to solve it since the subcarrier assignment is an integer optimization problem, and it is difficult to be tackled using the traditional optimization approach. When the subcarrier assignment is fixed, there are only the power allocation variables in the original resource allocation problem. The difference of convex functions (DC) programming is adopted to solve the power allocation problem. Simulation results demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed resource allocation scheme of D2D networks.

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Distributed Resource Allocation for Green HetNets with Renewable Energy Resources

International Journal of Pattern Recognition and Artificial Intelligence ◽

10.1142/s0218001421590291 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 2159029

Author(s):

Bin Zhang ◽

Yi Liu

Keyword(s):

Resource Allocation ◽

Energy Efficiency ◽

Renewable Energy ◽

Base Station ◽

Small Cell ◽

Small Cells ◽

Renewable Energy Resources ◽

Distributed Resource Allocation ◽

Resource Allocation Algorithm ◽

Power Resources

In fifth generation (5G) systems, green heterogeneous network (HetNet) is capable of achieving energy efficiency by densely deploying renewable-powered small cells. However, the small cells may suffer performance degradation due to the limited backhaul from macro base station (BS) and renewable intermittency. In this paper, we introduce a distributed HetNet architecture in which the renewable-powered small cell BSs collaboratively exchange information and allocate the spectrum and power resources by themselves. Considering the uncertainty of the available spectrum, renewable energy supply and traffic loads, a stochastic optimization problem is formulated to maximize the energy efficiency for distributed small cell BSs. A distributed resource allocation algorithm is proposed to obtain the optimal spectrum and power allocating strategies for each small cell. Finally, the numerical results demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm.

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An Efficient Joint Subcarrier Pairing and Resource Allocation for Multi-Relay OFDM Systems

Applied Mechanics and Materials ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.696.207 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 696 ◽

pp. 207-214

Author(s):

Kai Ming Liu ◽

Chun Qing Ruan ◽

Yuan An Liu ◽

Xiao Yu Cheng ◽

Fang Liu

Keyword(s):

Resource Allocation ◽

Optimization Problem ◽

Optimal Algorithm ◽

Mixed Integer ◽

Total Power ◽

Integer Programming Problem ◽

Ofdm Systems ◽

Computation Complexity ◽

Subcarrier Pairing ◽

Hungarian Method

For multi-relay orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) systems, efficient subcarrier pairing and resource allocation are significant to boost the system performance. We study the joint optimization problem of subcarrier assignment, subcarrier pairing and power allocation, to maximize the system transmission rate under a total power constraint. Many previous works formulate such a problem as a mixed integer programming problem, then transform it into a convex optimization problem by continuous relaxation and pair all the subcarriers using Hungarian method, which requires high computation complexity. In this paper, we assign each subcarrier in both hops to the relay that has the highest channel gain on that subcarrier. Since the numbers of subcarriers assigned to each relay in both hops, denoted as n1(k) and n2(k), are probably different, we first sort the subcarriers in descending order and pair the front min {n1(k),n2(k)} subcarriers assigned to each relay in sorted way, then we assign and pair the remaining subcarriers using Hungarian method. Due to the decrease of matrix dimensions when using Hungarian method, the computation complexity of the suboptimal algorithm is reduced. Simulation results show that the suboptimal algorithm provides the similar performance to that of the optimal algorithm with much lower computation complexity.

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Distributed Resource Allocation for Energy Efficiency in MIMO OFDMA Wireless Networks

IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in Communications ◽

10.1109/jsac.2016.2621379 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 34 (12) ◽

pp. 3451-3465 ◽

Cited By ~ 12

Author(s):

Alessio Zappone ◽

Eduard Jorswieck ◽

Amir Leshem

Keyword(s):

Resource Allocation ◽

Energy Efficiency ◽

Wireless Networks ◽

Distributed Resource Allocation

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Energy consumption index minimized resource allocation in hybrid energy multiuser OFDM system with distributed antennas

ITM Web of Conferences ◽

10.1051/itmconf/20181703015 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 17 ◽

pp. 03015

Author(s):

Huanhuan MAO ◽

Pengcheng Zhu ◽

Jiamin Li

Keyword(s):

Resource Allocation ◽

Energy Consumption ◽

Energy Harvesting ◽

Power Allocation ◽

Base Station ◽

Mixed Integer ◽

Subcarrier Allocation ◽

Ofdm System ◽

Consumption Index ◽

Distributed Antennas

Energy harvesting is one of the promising option for realization of green communication and has been a growing concern recently. In this paper, we address the downlink resource allocation in OFDM system with distributed antennas with hybrid power supply base station, where energy harvesting and non-renewable power sources are used complementarily. A joint subcarrier and power allocation problem is formulated for minimizing the net Energy Consumption Index (ECI) with system Quality of Service (QoS) and bit error rates constraint. The problem is a 0-1 mixed integer nonlinear programming problem due to the binary subcarrier allocation variable. To solve the problem, we design an algorithm based on Lagrange relaxation method and fraction programming which optimizes the power allocation and subcarrier allocation iteratively in two nests. Simulation results show that the proposed algorithm converges in a small number of iterations and can improve net ECI of system greatly.

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Measuring Energy Efficiency and Environmental Performance: A Case of South Asia

Processes ◽

10.3390/pr7060325 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 7 (6) ◽

pp. 325 ◽

Cited By ~ 12

Author(s):

Yumei Hou ◽

Wasim Iqbal ◽

Ghulam Muhammad Shaikh ◽

Nadeem Iqbal ◽

Yasir Ahmad Solangi ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Energy Efficiency ◽

Renewable Energy ◽

Energy Consumption ◽

South Asia ◽

Environmental Performance ◽

Carbon Emission ◽

Consumption Ratio ◽

Environmental Performance Index ◽

Emission Index ◽

Ratio Energy

When assessing energy efficiency, most studies have frequently ignored environmental aspects even though the concept has been widely used in the past. This study evaluates the energy efficiency and environmental performance of South Asia by using DEA (data envelopment analysis) like mathematical composite indicator. We construct a comprehensive set of indicators, including an energy self-sufficiency ratio, energy production over consumption ratio, energy imports, diversification index of energy imports, energy reserve ratio, GDP productivity, energy intensity, per capita energy consumption index, carbon emission index, carbon emission index per unit of energy consumption and share of renewable energy in order to develop an energy efficiency and environmental performance index. Unlike other studies, this study first examines each indicator and then estimates a combined score for each country. The results reveal that Bhutan as a more secure country and Pakistan showed a decreasing trend, while Sri Lanka and India performed satisfactorily. Remarkably, Bangladesh, Nepal and Afghanistan showed a decreasing trend. This study proposes a policy that increases the cross-border trade of renewable energy for long term energy efficiency and environmental performance.

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