Highway Alignment Optimization Using Cost-Benefit Analysis Under User Equilibrium

2011 ◽  
Vol 2 (4) ◽  
pp. 19-33 ◽  
Author(s):  
Avijit Maji ◽  
Manoj K. Jha
Keyword(s):  
Traffic Flow ◽  
Road Network ◽  
Cost Benefit Analysis ◽  
Cost Minimization ◽  
Cost Benefit ◽  
User Equilibrium ◽  
User Cost ◽  
Benefit Analysis ◽  
Highway Alignment Optimization ◽  
Highway Alignment

Usually, selection of a highway alignment depends on an economical route that minimizes alignment sensitive costs, such as construction cost, user cost, right-of-way cost, and earthwork cost. Most of the available highway alignment optimization algorithms do not consider traffic assignment and distribution of traffic as a result of the new road network consisting of the new alignment as well as other pre-existing alignments. Constructing a new highway will ease the traffic in the existing road network. Based on Wardrop’s principle, the users will choose a route that will minimize their travel-time. Users will unilaterally shift to the available routes for their benefit and thus, traffic flow will attain equilibrium. Theoretically, the equilibrium of traffic flow between the existing highway and the newly designed highway alternative can be achieved by a user equilibrium model. A new methodology is developed in this paper to optimize a new three-dimensional highway alignment based on the existing highway alignment system information using a cost-benefit analysis approach. The results are quite promising for new road design and bypass construction since benefit maximization and cost minimization is performed simultaneously while attaining user equilibrium.

Highway Alignment Optimization Using Cost-Benefit Analysis Under User Equilibrium

2013 ◽  
pp. 313-327 ◽  
Author(s):  
Avijit Maji ◽  
Manoj K. Jha
Keyword(s):  
Traffic Flow ◽  
Road Network ◽  
Cost Benefit Analysis ◽  
Cost Benefit ◽  
User Equilibrium ◽  
User Cost ◽  
Benefit Analysis ◽  
Road Design ◽  
Highway Alignment Optimization ◽  
Highway Alignment

Usually, selection of a highway alignment depends on an economical route that minimizes alignment sensitive costs, such as construction cost, user cost, right-of-way cost, and earthwork cost. Most of the available highway alignment optimization algorithms do not consider traffic assignment and distribution of traffic as a result of the new road network consisting of the new alignment as well as other pre-existing alignments. Constructing a new highway will ease the traffic in the existing road network. Based on Wardrop’s principle, the users will choose a route that will minimize their travel-time. Users will unilaterally shift to the available routes for their benefit and thus, traffic flow will attain equilibrium. Theoretically, the equilibrium of traffic flow between the existing highway and the newly designed highway alternative can be achieved by a user equilibrium model. A new methodology is developed in this paper to optimize a new three-dimensional highway alignment based on the existing highway alignment system information using a cost-benefit analysis approach. The results are quite promising for new road design and bypass construction since benefit maximization and cost minimization is performed simultaneously while attaining user equilibrium.

scholarly journals The study of Pharmacoeconomics analysis on anti tuberculosis drugs Rifampicin & Ethambutol

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 31-40
Author(s):  
Arsalan Sarmad ◽  
B. Syed Salman ◽  
Syed Sharfuddin Ibrahim
Keyword(s):  
Cost Effectiveness ◽  
Cost Benefit Analysis ◽  
Cost Minimization ◽  
Cost Benefit ◽  
Minimum Cost ◽  
Cost Utility ◽  
Cost Utility Analysis ◽  
Effective Therapy ◽  
Benefit Analysis ◽  
Utility Analysis

Cost-benefit analysis can be used to quantify the value of clinical pharmacy services. Providing Effective Therapy and Minimum cost, Quantify costs of care, Quantify outcomes, Assess whether and by how much average costs and outcomes differ among treatment groups, Compare magnitude of difference in costs and outcomes and evaluate “value for costs” by reporting a cost-effectiveness ratio, net monetary benefit, or probability that ratio is acceptable – Potential hypothesis: Cost per quality-adjusted life year saved significantly less than Rs.75,000, To Perform sensitivity analysis. For providing good effective therapy with less adverse drug reaction at affordable price, Cost-Identification, Cost-Effectiveness Analysis, Cost-Utility Analysis, Cost-Benefit Analysis, Clinical outcomes: Cure, comfort and survival, Humanistic outcomes: Physical, emotional, social function, role performance, Economic outcomes, Economic Evaluation, Cost of Illness Evaluation (COI), Cost Benefit Analysis (CBA), Cost Minimization Analysis, Cost Effective Analysis: Cost Utility Analysis.

Cost-Benefit Analysis of Evidence Law and Factfinding

2021 ◽  
pp. 137-154
Author(s):  
Talia Fisher
Keyword(s):  
Cost Benefit Analysis ◽  
Cost Minimization ◽  
Cost Benefit ◽  
Benefit Analysis ◽  
Optimal Behavior ◽  
The Social ◽  
Evidence Law ◽  
Social Costs And Benefits ◽  
Evidence And Proof ◽  
The Cost

Utility considerations have been central to legal factfinding, at least since the days of Jeremy Bentham, the founding father of utilitarianism and a prominent evidence law theorist. A direct line can be drawn from Bentham’s “principle of utility” to cost-benefit analysis (CBA) so it would seem only natural that the realms of evidence law and judicial factfinding would harbor this type of reasoning. However, when legal scholarship began to incorporate economic reasoning and to address issues from a CBA perspective, evidence law and the practice of judicial factfinding remained very much out of the picture. The object of this chapter is to highlight the prospects for integrating CBA into contemporary evidentiary policy and institutions, and to draw the general contours of the evolving scholarship in these fields of research. It describes and analyzes two economically driven models of evidence and proof: the cost-minimization model, geared toward minimization of the cost of errors and the cost of accuracy as a total sum, and the primary behavior model aiming to incentivize socially optimal behavior and interactions. This analysis identifies the models’ difficulties, engendered, for the most part, by the misalignment between the private and the social costs and benefits of adjudication, and addresses the models’ relationship to the existing evidentiary rules and institutions.

The Use of Cost-Benefit Analysis for Evaluating Efficiency of Public Investment Projects (The Case of Sochi-2014 Winter Olympic Games)

2011 ◽  
pp. 57-78
Author(s):  
I. Pilipenko
Keyword(s):  
Net Present Value ◽  
Olympic Games ◽  
Cost Benefit Analysis ◽  
Public Investment ◽  
Cost Benefit ◽  
Investment Efficiency ◽  
Benefit Analysis ◽  
Step Method ◽  
Investment Projects ◽  
The Usa

The paper analyzes shortcomings of economic impact studies based mainly on input- output models that are often employed in Russia as well as abroad. Using studies about sport events in the USA and Olympic Games that took place during the last 30 years we reveal advantages of the cost-benefit analysis approach in obtaining unbiased assessments of public investments efficiency; the step-by-step method of cost-benefit analysis is presented in the paper as well. We employ the project of Sochi-2014 Winter Olympic and Paralympic Games in Russia to evaluate its efficiency using cost-benefit analysis for five accounts (areas of impact), namely government, households, environment, economic development, and social development, and calculate the net present value of the project taking into account its possible alternatives. In conclusion we suggest several policy directions that would enhance public investment efficiency within the Sochi-2014 Olympics.

Hostile Takeovers and Anti-takeover Defenses in the Russian Corporate Market

2007 ◽  
pp. 70-84 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Demidova
Keyword(s):  
Cost Benefit Analysis ◽  
Cost Benefit ◽  
Benefit Analysis ◽  
Costs And Benefits ◽  
Hostile Takeovers ◽  
Russian Market ◽  
Takeover Defenses ◽  
The Cost ◽  
European Markets

This article analyzes definitions and the role of hostile takeovers at the Russian and European markets for corporate control. It develops the methodology of assessing the efficiency of anti-takeover defenses adapted to the conditions of the Russian market. The paper uses the cost-benefit analysis, where the costs and benefits of the pre-bid and post-bid defenses are compared.

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