scholarly journals Biochemical characterization of systemic bacteria in bananas, sensitivity to antibiotics and plant phytotoxicity during shoot proliferation

2016 ◽  
Vol 38 (2) ◽  
pp. 193 ◽  
Author(s):  
Janiffe Peres de Oliveira ◽  
Jonny Everson Scherwinski-Pereira
Keyword(s):  
Minimum Inhibitory Concentration ◽  
Nalidixic Acid ◽  
Culture Medium ◽  
Inhibitory Concentration ◽  
Biochemical Characterization ◽  
Shoot Proliferation ◽  
In Vitro Proliferation ◽  
Bacterial Sensitivity

The objective of this work was to characterize the biochemically systemic bacterial isolated from banana plants, to evaluate the bacterial sensitivity to antibiotics, and to determine the phytotoxicity of banana shoots during in vitro proliferation. Systemic bacteria belonging to the Klebsiella and Aeromonas genera were isolated from the “Maravilha” (FHIA 01 AAAB), “Preciosa” (PV 4285 AAAB) and “Thap Maeo” (AAB) varieties and were then characterized. Tests of shoot sensitivity to antibiotics were performed, and the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and phytotoxic effects of selected antibiotics to plants were determined. Among the 20 antibiotics evaluated, the strains showed sensitivity to cefaclor, cefalexin, cefalotin, nalidixic acid, chloramphenicol, and vancomycin. However, during MIC determination, the best results were obtained with cefaclor, vancomycin or nalidixic acid alone in concentrations ranging from 512 to 1,024 mg L-1. In culture medium, cefaclor at 1,024 mg L-1 was the only antibiotic to affect the multiplication and the shoot survival in culture. 

IN VITRO PROPAGATION OF OTTAWA 3 APPLE ROOTSTOCK

1983 ◽  
Vol 63 (1) ◽  
pp. 183-188 ◽  
Author(s):  
E.-C. PUA ◽  
CALVIN CHONG ◽  
G. L. ROUSSELLE
Keyword(s):  
Culture Medium ◽  
Agar Medium ◽  
Shoot Proliferation ◽  
Normal Growth ◽  
Naphthalene Acetic Acid ◽  
Shoot Cultures ◽  
Apple Rootstock ◽  
In Vitro Proliferation ◽  
In Vitro Shoot Proliferation

Methods were developed for obtaining normal shoot cultures and for rapid in vitro proliferation and rooting of Ottawa 3 apple rootstock from meristem tips. The presence of naphthalene acetic acid (NAA) and benzyladenine (BA), both at concentrations of either 0.5 or 1.0 mg/L in the culture medium, was most effective for in vitro shoot proliferation, but growth was abnormal. Normal growth was achieved when shoots were cultured with a combination of 0.5 mg/L NAA, 0.5 mg/L BA and 5.0 mg/L gibberellic acid. One hundred percent rooting was achieved after 2 wk on agar medium supplemented with 6.25 mg/L indole butyric acid.Key words: Tissue culture, Malus, meristem cloning, growth regulators

scholarly journals Thiamine pyrophosphate riboswitch regulation: a new possible mechanism involved in the action of nalidixic acid

2020 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sahar Shahidi ◽  
Seyed Sadegh Shahraeini ◽  
Yekta Farmahini Farahani ◽  
Soroush Sardari
Keyword(s):  
Minimum Inhibitory Concentration ◽  
Binding Energy ◽  
Nalidixic Acid ◽  
Inhibitory Concentration ◽  
Thiamine Pyrophosphate ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Expression Platform ◽  
Antibiotic Compounds ◽  
Aptamer Domain

AbstractObjectivesThe development of novel antibiotic compounds requires riboswitches; in fact, riboswitches are RNA elements present in the 5′ untranslated region of bacterial mRNA and have a metabolite-binding aptamer domain and an expression platform regulating the expression of vital genes. In the present research, one riboswitch, namely thi-box riboswitch with distinct regulatory mechanisms, was studied. It recognizes Thiamine Pyrophosphates (TPP) regulating TPP-biosynthesis genes in Escherichiacoli.MethodsFirst, the compounds similar to riboswitch ligands were studied, and their binding with the riboswitch and nucleosides was investigated by molecular docking. Then, compounds containing high binding energy were chosen, and their minimum inhibitory concentration in E. coli was determined by the MIC test. Finally, the binding of compounds to nucleotides and RNA was investigated by measuring the absorbance spectrum through NanoDrop and circular dichroism (CD).ResultsIn the thi-box riboswitch, nalidixic acid was found to have the best binding energy (−5.31 kJ/mol), and it inhibited E. coli growth at the minimum inhibitory concentration of 125 μg/mL, and it could bind to ribonucleosides and RNA in vitro.ConclusionsOne possible mechanism involved in the action of nalidixic acid in inhibiting the E. coli growth is to influence thi-box riboswitch.

In Vitro Antibacterial activity of ethanolic extract of Myrsine africana against laboratory Strains of Pathogenic Organisms

2016 ◽  
Vol 5 (04) ◽  
pp. 4512
Author(s):  
Jackie K. Obey ◽  
Anthoney Swamy T* ◽  
Lasiti Timothy ◽  
Makani Rachel
Keyword(s):  
Antibacterial Activity ◽  
Minimum Inhibitory Concentration ◽  
Inhibitory Concentration ◽  
Ethanolic Extract ◽  
Ethanol Extract ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Zones Of Inhibition ◽  
In Vitro Antibacterial Activity ◽  
Myrsine Africana

The determination of the antibacterial activity (zone of inhibition) and minimum inhibitory concentration of medicinal plants a crucial step in drug development. In this study, the antibacterial activity and minimum inhibitory concentration of the ethanol extract of Myrsine africana were determined for Escherichia coli, Bacillus cereus, Staphylococcus epidermidis and Streptococcus pneumoniae. The zones of inhibition (mm±S.E) of 500mg/ml of M. africana ethanol extract were 22.00± 0.00 for E. coli,20.33 ±0.33 for B. cereus,25.00± 0.00 for S. epidermidis and 18. 17±0.17 for S. pneumoniae. The minimum inhibitory concentration(MIC) is the minimum dose required to inhibit growth a microorganism. Upon further double dilution of the 500mg/ml of M. africana extract, MIC was obtained for each organism. The MIC for E. coli, B. cereus, S. epidermidis and S. pneumoniae were 7.81mg/ml, 7.81mg/ml, 15.63mg/ml and 15.63mg/ml respectively. Crude extracts are considered active when they inhibit microorganisms with zones of inhibition of 8mm and above. Therefore, this study has shown that the ethanol extract of M. africana can control the growth of the four organisms tested.

Functional and Biochemical Characterization of Immunologically Derived Equine Platelet-Activating Factor

1985 ◽  
Vol 22 (4) ◽  
pp. 375-386 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. C. Wimberly ◽  
D. O. Slauson ◽  
N. R. Neilsen
Keyword(s):  
Functional Activity ◽  
Biochemical Characterization ◽  
Platelet Activating Factor ◽  
Biochemical Properties ◽  
Naturally Occurring ◽  
Rabbit Platelets ◽  
Rapid Reaction ◽  
Specific Challenge

Antigen-specific challenge of equine leukocytes induced the non-lytic release of a platelet-activating factor in vitro. The equine platelet-activating factor stimulated the release of serotonin from equine platelets in a dose-responsive manner, independent of the presence of cyclo-oxygenase pathway inhibitors such as indomethacin. Rabbit platelets were also responsive to equine platelet-activating factor. The release of equine platelet-activating factor was a rapid reaction with near maximal secretion taking place in 30 seconds. Addition of equine platelet-activating factor to washed equine platelets stimulated platelet aggregation which could not be inhibited by the presence of aspirin or indomethacin. Platelets preincubated with equine platelet-activating factor became specifically desensitized to equine platelet-activating factor while remaining responsive to other platelet stimuli such as collagen and epinephrine. The following biochemical properties of equine platelet-activating factor are identical to those properties of 1-0-alkyl-2-acetyl-sn-glyceryl-3-phosphorylcholine (AGEPC): stability upon exposure to air and acid; loss of functional activity after basecatalyzed methanolysis with subsequent acylation that returned all functional activity; and identical relative mobilities on silica gel G plates developed with chloroform:methanol:water (65:35:6, volume/volume). The combined functional and biochemical characteristics of equine platelet-activating factor strongly suggest identity between this naturally occurring, immunologically derived equine factor and AGEPC.

scholarly journals Intermediate filaments in non-neuronal cells of invertebrates: isolation and biochemical characterization of intermediate filaments from the esophageal epithelium of the mollusc Helix pomatia.

1985 ◽  
Vol 101 (2) ◽  
pp. 427-440 ◽  
Author(s):  
E Bartnik ◽  
M Osborn ◽  
K Weber
Keyword(s):  
Positive Reaction ◽  
Intermediate Filaments ◽  
Biochemical Characterization ◽  
Helix Pomatia ◽  
Molar Ratio ◽  
Negative Stain ◽  
Epithelial Morphology ◽  
Lower Chordate

To screen invertebrate tissues for the possible expression of intermediate filaments (IFs), immunofluorescence microscopy with the monoclonal antibody anti-IFA known to detect all mammalian IF proteins was used (Pruss, R. M., R. Mirsky, M. C. Raff, R. Thorpe, A. J. Dowding, and B. H. Anderton. 1981. Cell, 27:419-428). In a limited survey, the lower chordate Branchiostoma as well as the invertebrates Arenicola, Lumbricus, Ascaris, and Helix pomatia revealed a positive reaction primarily on epithelia and on nerves, whereas certain other invertebrates appeared negative. To assess the nature of the positive reaction, Helix pomatia was used since a variety of epithelia was strongly stained by anti-IFA. Fixation-extraction procedures were developed that preserve in electron micrographs of esophagus impressive arrays of IFs as tonofilament bundles. Fractionation procedures performed on single cell preparations document large meshworks of long and curvilinear IF by negative stain. These structures can be purified. One- and two-dimensional gels show three components, all of which are recognized by anti-IFA in immunoblotting: 66 kD/pl 6.35, 53 kD/pl 6.05, and 52 kD/pl 5.95. The molar ratio between the larger and more basic polypeptide and the sum of the two more acidic forms is close to 1. After solubilization in 8.5 M urea, in vitro filament reconstitution is induced when urea is removed by dialysis against 2-50 mM Tris buffer at pH 7.8. The reconstituted filaments contain all three polypeptides. The results establish firmly the existence of invertebrate IFs outside neurones and demonstrate that the esophagus of Helix pomatia displays IFs which in line with the epithelial morphology of the tissue could be related to keratin IF of vertebrates.

scholarly journals THE EFFECT OF PROPOLIS EXTRACT AND PROPOLIS CANDIES ON THE GROWTH OF AGGREGATIBACTER ACTINOMYCETEMCOMITANS ATCC 43718

2017 ◽  
Vol 10 (17) ◽  
pp. 26
Author(s):  
Khodijah Khodijah ◽  
Ratna Farida ◽  
Nurtami Soedarsono
Keyword(s):  
Minimum Inhibitory Concentration ◽  
Inhibitory Concentration ◽  
Minimum Bactericidal Concentration ◽  
Aggregatibacter Actinomycetemcomitans ◽  
Spectrophotometric Analysis ◽  
Propolis Extract ◽  
Post Exposure ◽  
Colony Forming Units

Objective: This experiment aimed to analyze the effect of propolis extract and propolis containing candies on the growth of Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans using spectrophotometric analysis and colony-forming units (CFU) counts.Methods: After A. actinomycetemcomitans were exposed to propolis extract and candies, the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and the minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) were determined with spectrophotometry and post-exposure colony counting.Results: The MIC of propolis extract against A. actinomycetemcomitans was determined to be 10%, and the MBC was 20%. A decrease in the total CFU count of A. actinomycetemcomitans was observed after propolis extract and candy exposure.Conclusions: Propolis extract and propolis candies were effective in inhibiting the growth of A. actinomycetemcomitans ATCC 43718 in vitro.

scholarly journals In VitroActivity of Omadacycline againstChlamydia pneumoniae

2018 ◽  
Vol 63 (2) ◽  
pp. e01907-18 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephan A. Kohlhoff ◽  
Natalia Huerta ◽  
Margaret R. Hammerschlag
Keyword(s):  
Minimum Inhibitory Concentration ◽  
Chlamydia Pneumoniae ◽  
Inhibitory Concentration ◽  
Content Type

ABSTRACTThein vitroactivities of omadacycline, azithromycin, doxycycline, moxifloxacin, and levofloxacin were tested against 15 isolates ofChlamydia pneumoniae. The minimum inhibitory concentration at which 90% of the isolates ofC. pneumoniaewere inhibited by omadacycline was 0.25 μg/ml (range, 0.03 to 0.5 μg/ml).

Activity of myxin against Ceratocystis ulmi

1969 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 133-135 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. A. Peterson
Keyword(s):  
Minimum Inhibitory Concentration ◽  
Liquid Culture ◽  
Inhibitory Concentration ◽  
In Vitro Tests ◽  
Strong Inhibition ◽  
Solid Media ◽  
Highly Sensitive ◽  
Paper Disc ◽  
Disc Assay

Eight strains of Ceratocystis ulmi originating from different locations and host species were found to be highly sensitive to the antibiotic myxin in in vitro tests. By paper disc assay, amounts as low as 0.5–1.0 μg caused strong inhibition of the fungus on solid media. The minimum inhibitory concentration in liquid culture was 0.2 μg/ml and levels of antibiotic above this concentration proved to be fungicidal.

In Vitro Biochemical Characterization of Cytokinesis Actin-Binding Proteins

2016 ◽  
pp. 151-179 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dennis Zimmermann ◽  
Alisha N. Morganthaler ◽  
David R. Kovar ◽  
Cristian Suarez
Keyword(s):  
Binding Proteins ◽  
Biochemical Characterization ◽  
Actin Binding ◽  
Actin Binding Proteins

In-Vitro Studies on the Sensitivity of Staphylococcus aureus to Some Ethno-Medicinal Preparations Sold around Kano, Nigeria

2011 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 22-25 ◽  
Author(s):  
M Bashir ◽  
I Yusuf ◽  
AS Kutama
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Antibacterial Activity ◽  
Minimum Inhibitory Concentration ◽  
Inhibitory Concentration ◽  
Test Organism ◽  
Ethanolic Extract ◽  
Screening Tests ◽  
Phytochemical Screening ◽  
Herbal Preparations

Five traditional herbal preparations were sampled between May-June, 2009 in Kano. The samples were investigated for invitro antibacterial activities against clinical isolates of Staphylococcus aureus. Likewise, phytochemical screening tests were conducted to determine some of the phytochemicals present in the ethanolic and water extracts of the samples. Various concentrations of the extracts were prepared using serial doubling dilutions (5000=l/ml, 2500=g/ml, 1250=g/ml, 625=g/ml and 312.5=g/ml). All the test extracts showed slight antibacterial activity against the test organism, with ethanolic extract of sample E having the highest zone diameter of inhibition, while sample H had the lowest diameter of inhibition. The standard antibiotic disc (Gentamicin) had demonstrated the highest activity on the test organisms. The results of the Phytochemical screening revealed the presence of steroid in all the samples, tannin in samples A, C, D and E, reducing sugars in sample A, D and E respectively. The result of the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) was found to be above 312.5=g/ml for samples C, D and E. Keywords: Staphylococcus aureus, Herbal preparations, antibacterial activity, Phytochemical screening and minimum inhibitory concentration.

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