Experimental Investigation of Power Generation from Salinity Gradient Solar Pond Using Thermoelectric Generators for Renewable Energy Application

2013 ◽  
Vol 393 ◽  
pp. 809-814 ◽  
Author(s):  
Baljit Singh ◽  
Jaisatia Varthani ◽  
Muhammed Fairuz Remeli ◽  
Lippong Tan ◽  
Abhijit Date ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Power Generation ◽  
Temperature Difference ◽  
Cold Water ◽  
Salinity Gradient ◽  
Convective Zone ◽  
Electricity Production ◽  
Low Grade ◽  
Thermoelectric Generators ◽  
Solar Pond ◽  
Low Grade Heat

Low grade heat (<100°C) is currently converted into electricity by organic rankine cycle (ORC) engines. ORC engines require certain threshold to operate as the organic fluid generally boils at more than 50°C, and fails to operate at lower temperature. Thermoelectric generators (TEGs) can operate at very low temperature differences and can be good candidate to replace ORC for power generation at low temperatures. In this paper, the potential of power generation from TEG and salinity-gradient solar pond (SGSP) was investigated. SGSP is capable of storing heat at temperature up to 80°C. The temperature difference between the upper convective zone (UCZ) and lower convective zone (LCZ) of a SGSP can be in the range of 40°C 60°C. This temperature difference can be used to power thermoelectric generators (TEG) for electricity production. This paper present result of a TEG system designed to be powered by the hot and cold water from the SGSP. The system is capable of producing electricity even on cloudy days or at night as the SGSP acts as a thermal storage system. The results obtained have indicated significant prospects of such system to generate power from a low grade heat for remote area power supply.

Experimental Analysis of Thermoelectric Heat Exchanger for Power Generation from Salinity Gradient Solar Pond Using Low-Grade Heat

2016 ◽  
Vol 46 (5) ◽  
pp. 2854-2859 ◽  
Author(s):  
Baljit Singh ◽  
Nuraida ‘Aadilia Baharin ◽  
Muhammad Fairuz Remeli ◽  
Amandeep Oberoi ◽  
Abhijit Date ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Power Generation ◽  
Heat Exchanger ◽  
Experimental Analysis ◽  
Salinity Gradient ◽  
Low Grade ◽  
Solar Pond ◽  
Low Grade Heat ◽  
Thermoelectric Heat

scholarly journals Small Scale Power Generation using Low Grade Heat from Solar Pond

2012 ◽  
Vol 49 ◽  
pp. 50-56 ◽  
Author(s):  
Baljit Singh ◽  
J. Gomes ◽  
Lippong Tan ◽  
Abhijit Date ◽  
A. Akbarzadeh
Keyword(s):  
Power Generation ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Low Grade ◽  
Solar Pond ◽  
Low Grade Heat

DESIGN AND CONSTRUCTION OF A SIMPLE THERMOELECTRIC GENERATOR HEAT EXCHANGER FOR POWER GENERATION FROM SALINITY GRADIENT SOLAR POND

2015 ◽  
Vol 76 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Baljit Singh ◽  
Altenaijy Saoud ◽  
Muhammed Fairuz Remeli ◽  
Lai Chet Ding ◽  
Abhijit Date ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Power Generation ◽  
Heat Exchanger ◽  
Thermal Energy ◽  
Thermoelectric Generator ◽  
Salinity Gradient ◽  
Electrical Power ◽  
Thermoelectric Generators ◽  
Lower Zone ◽  
Solar Pond ◽  
Electrical Power Output

Solar pond is one source of renewable thermal energy. The solar pond collects and stores thermal energy at the lower zone of the solar pond. The temperature at the lower zone can reach up to 90 °C. The solar pond is capable storing thermal energy for a long period. The stored thermal energy can be converted into electricity by using thermoelectric generators. These thermoelectric generators can be operated using the cold and hot zones from a solar pond. In this paper, the experimental investigation of power generation from the solar pond using thermoelectric generator and simple heat exchanger is discussed. A maximum of 7.02 W of electrical power output was obtained from a simple heat exchanger with 40 thermoelectric modules.

Assessing the Maximum Stability of the Nonconvective Zone in a Salinity-Gradient Solar Pond

2017 ◽  
Vol 139 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
A. A. Abdullah ◽  
K. A. Lindsay
Keyword(s):  
Salinity Gradient ◽  
Fluid Velocity ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Convective Zone ◽  
Heat Extraction ◽  
Solar Pond ◽  
Maximum Stability ◽  
Storage Zone ◽  
The Stability

The quality of the stability of the nonconvective zone of a salinity-gradient solar pond (SGSP) is investigated for an operating protocol in which the flushing procedure exactly compensates for evaporation losses from the solar pond and its associated evaporation pond. The mathematical model of the pond uses simplified, but accurate, constitutive expressions for the physical properties of aqueous sodium chloride. Also, realistic boundary conditions are used for the behaviors of the upper and lower convective zones (LCZs). The performance of a salinity-gradient solar pond is investigated in the context of the weather conditions at Makkah, Saudi Arabia, for several thickness of upper convective zone (UCZ) and operating temperature of the storage zone. Spectral collocation based on Chebyshev polynomials is used to assess the quality of the stability of the pond throughout the year in terms of the time scale for the restoration of disturbances in temperature, salinity, and fluid velocity underlying the critical eigenstate. The critical eigenvalue is found to be real and negative at all times of year indicating that the steady-state configuration of the pond is always stable, and suggesting that stationary instability would be the anticipated mechanism of instability. Annual profiles of surface temperature, salinity, and heat extraction are constructed for various combinations for the thickness of the upper convective zone and storage zone temperature.

scholarly journals An optimised chemisorption cycle for power generation using low grade heat

2017 ◽  
Vol 186 ◽  
pp. 251-261 ◽  
Author(s):  
Huashan Bao ◽  
Zhiwei Ma ◽  
Anthony Paul Roskilly
Keyword(s):  
Power Generation ◽  
Low Grade ◽  
Low Grade Heat

El Paso Solar Pond

2001 ◽  
Vol 123 (3) ◽  
pp. 178-178 ◽  
Author(s):  
Huanmin Lu and ◽  
Andrew H. P. Swift
Keyword(s):  
Systems Approach ◽  
Salinity Gradient ◽  
El Paso ◽  
Industrial Process ◽  
The United States ◽  
Convective Zone ◽  
Bureau Of Reclamation ◽  
University Of Texas ◽  
Solar Pond ◽  
Brine Management

The El Paso Solar Pond, a research, development, and demonstration project operated by the University of Texas at El Paso, is a salinity-gradient solar pond with a surface area of 3,000 m2 and a depth of 3.2 m. The pond utilizes an aqueous solution of predominantly sodium chloride (NaCl). The surface convective zone, main gradient zone, and bottom convective zone are approximately 0.6 m, 1.4 m, and 1.2 m, respectively. The project, located on the property of Bruce Foods, Inc., was initiated in 1983 in cooperation with the U.S. Bureau of Reclamation. Since then, the El Paso Solar Pond has successfully developed a series of technologies for solar pond operation and maintenance, as well as demonstrated several different applications. In 1985, the El Paso Solar Pond became the first in the world to deliver industrial process heat to a commercial manufacturer; in 1986 became the first solar pond electric power generating facility in the United States; and in 1987 became the nation’s first experimental solar pond powered water desalting facility. Currently, the major research at El Paso Solar Pond is focused on desalination and brine management technologies. The long-term goal of this research is to develop a systems approach for desalination/brine management via a multiple process desalination coupled with solar ponds. This systems approach will reuse the brine concentrate rejected from desalting plants thereby negating the need for disposal (zero discharge), and provide additional pollution-free renewable energy for the desalting process.

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