Atoms to Assemblies: A Physics-Based Hierarchical Modelling Approach for Polymer Composite Components

2014 ◽  
Vol 553 ◽  
pp. 41-47
Author(s):  
Garth M. Pearce ◽  
Shen Hin Lim ◽  
Jung Hoon Sul ◽  
B. Gangadhara Prusty ◽  
Don W. Kelly
Keyword(s):  
Size Effects ◽  
Epoxy Composites ◽  
Macroscopic Scale ◽  
Materials Development ◽  
Micro Scale ◽  
Polymer Resin ◽  
Hierarchical Modelling ◽  
Scale Size ◽  
Hierarchical Nature ◽  
Modelling Approach

The development of new composite materials requires analysis and experimentation spanning scales from nanometres to metres, from “atoms to assemblies”. In this paper, concerned primarily with fibre reinforced epoxy composites, a methodology is presented which allows continuum level structural simulation to account for nanoand micro-scale size effects in composites. The novelty of this approach is the modular hierarchical nature of the simulation which ensures computational tractability, regardless of the length scales considered. Linking the nanoscale to the macroscopic scale in a single simulation allows for holistic materials development, including the addition of nanoadditives to polymer resin systems.

scholarly journals A Comparison of Ply-Level and Sublaminate-Level Scaling Offibre-Metallaminates with In-Plane Dimensions

2007 ◽  
Vol 16 (6) ◽  
pp. 096369350701600 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. G. Carrillo ◽  
W. J. Cantwell
Keyword(s):  
Size Effects ◽  
Stacking Sequence ◽  
Scaling Effects ◽  
Polypropylene Composite ◽  
Apparent Increase ◽  
Scale Size

The work presented in this paper investigates size effects in 2D-scaled (in-plane dimensions) FMLs based on a self-reinforcing polypropylene composite and aluminum. Two different scaling approaches are adopted in this study, these being ply-level scaling using laminates with a stacking sequence of [Aln, 0°/90°n]s and sublaminate-level scaling involving a stacking sequence of [Al, 0°/90°]ns where n =¼, ½, ¾ and 1, representing the increase of in-plane dimensions. An apparent increase in strength for ply-level specimens was observed with scale size while sublaminate-level scaling did not present scaling effects.

scholarly journals Hierarchical modelling of temperature and habitat size effects on population dynamics of North Atlantic cod

2010 ◽  
Vol 67 (5) ◽  
pp. 833-855 ◽  
Author(s):  
Irene Mantzouni ◽  
Helle Sørensen ◽  
Robert B. O'Hara ◽  
Brian R. MacKenzie
Keyword(s):  
Population Dynamics ◽  
North Atlantic ◽  
Carrying Capacity ◽  
Size Effects ◽  
Atlantic Cod ◽  
Ecosystem Approach ◽  
Reproductive Rate ◽  
Model Parameters ◽  
Habitat Size ◽  
Hierarchical Modelling

Abstract Mantzouni, I., Sørensen, H., O'Hara, R. B., and MacKenzie, B. R. 2010. Hierarchical modelling of temperature and habitat size effects on population dynamics of North Atlantic cod. – ICES Journal of Marine Science, 67: 833–855. Understanding how temperature affects cod (Gadus morhua) ecology is important for forecasting how populations will develop as climate changes in future. The effects of spawning-season temperature and habitat size on cod recruitment dynamics have been investigated across the North Atlantic. Ricker and Beverton and Holt stock–recruitment (SR) models were extended by applying hierarchical methods, mixed-effects models, and Bayesian inference to incorporate the influence of these ecosystem factors on model parameters representing cod maximum reproductive rate and carrying capacity. We identified the pattern of temperature effects on cod productivity at the species level and estimated SR model parameters with increased precision. Temperature impacts vary geographically, being positive in areas where temperatures are <5°C, and negative for higher temperatures. Using the relationship derived, it is possible to predict expected changes in population-specific reproductive rates and carrying capacities resulting from temperature increases. Further, carrying capacity covaries with available habitat size, explaining at least half its variability across stocks. These patterns improve our understanding of environmental impacts on key population parameters, which is required for an ecosystem approach to cod management, particularly under ocean-warming scenarios.

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