Software for Computing Lenticular Compensators (Bellows)

2014 ◽  
Vol 657 ◽  
pp. 775-779 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emilia Marinela Scheibner
Keyword(s):  
Angular Displacement ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Calculation Procedure ◽  
Total Deformation ◽  
Expansion Joints ◽  
Heating Systems ◽  
Mechanical Calculation ◽  
Automatic Calculation ◽  
Geometrical Characteristics

Expansion joints are used in installations where axial or angular significant changes occur due to operating conditions: differences temperature, arching, vibration etc. Expansion compensation will take over the pipe stresses, preventing so their destruction. Lenticular compensators take pipe thermal expansions; metal compensators are use for take axial, lateral or angular displacement. This paper presents information regarding the lenticular compensators and calculation procedure of their geometrical characteristics, mainly the number of elements that composed them. An automatic calculation program ”CCRT - Comp Lent” (computing pipeline heating systems – lenticular compensation) was developed based on fundamental concepts in mechanical calculation of pipes and lenticular compensators. The algorithm of this program is based on determining the pipeline expansion, the total deformation and the number of the compensation required.

scholarly journals Effect of operating conditions on performance of domestic heating systems with heat pumps and fuel cell micro-cogeneration

2014 ◽  
Vol 70 ◽  
pp. 52-60 ◽  
Author(s):  
Samuel J.G. Cooper ◽  
Geoffrey P. Hammond ◽  
Marcelle C. McManus ◽  
Alfonso Ramallo-Gonzlez ◽  
John G. Rogers
Keyword(s):  
Fuel Cell ◽  
Heat Pumps ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Domestic Heating ◽  
Heating Systems

Gas Turbine Exhaust Expansion Joints, Diverter and Damper Designs for the New Generation of Higher Temperature, High Efficiency Gas Turbines

1989 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lothar Bachmann ◽  
W. Fred Koch
Keyword(s):  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Gas Turbines ◽  
High Efficiency ◽  
Combined Cycle ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
High Mass ◽  
Expansion Joints ◽  
Gas Turbine Exhaust ◽  
New Generation ◽  
Turbine Exhaust

The purpose of this paper is to update the industry on the evolutionary steps that have been taken to address higher requirements imposed on the new generation combined cycle gas turbine exhaust ducting expansion joints, diverter and damper systems. Since the more challenging applications are in the larger systems, we shall concentrate on sizes from nine (9) square meters up to forty (40) square meters in ducting cross sections. (Reference: General Electric Frame 5 through Frame 9 sizes.) Severe problems encountered in gas turbine applications for the subject equipment are mostly traceable to stress buckling caused by differential expansion of components, improper insulation, unsuitable or incompatible mechanical design of features, components or materials, or poor workmanship. Conventional power plant expansion joints or dampers are designed for entirely different operating conditions and should not be applied in gas turbine applications. The sharp transients during gas turbine start-up as well as the very high temperature and high mass-flow operation conditions require specific designs for gas turbine application.

Heating Systems

2019 ◽  
pp. 283-307
Author(s):  
Teodora Melania Şoimoşan ◽  
Raluca Andreea Felseghi ◽  
Maria Simona Răboacă ◽  
Constantin Filote
Keyword(s):  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Energy Use ◽  
Renewable Energy Sources ◽  
Heating System ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Optimum Operating ◽  
Energy Sources ◽  
Total Energy Consumption ◽  
Heating Systems ◽  
Heating And Cooling

Within the current context of energy, there are several ways to meet the challenges of durable development. Efficiency in energy use, considered to be the fifth energy source, as well as the use of sustainable energy sources represent critical objectives. Nowadays, almost 50% of the total energy consumption in Europe is consumed by building heating and cooling. The current heat demand is mainly covered by conventional energy—fossil fuels. Consequently, there is a significant growth potential for the use of renewable energy sources (RES) in order to produce heat. One can expect in the near future that the energy systems would include a larger percentage of renewable sources, so the increase of the RES share is one of the main objectives of the thermoenergetic field. This chapter approaches heating system typology, the performance indicators used to asses the hybrid heating systems, and at the same time synthetising the assumptions of ensuring the optimum operating conditions.

Performance and Modeling of Thermosyphon Heat Exchangers for Solar Water Heaters

1997 ◽  
Vol 119 (3) ◽  
pp. 193-200 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. D. Dahl ◽  
J. H. Davidson
Keyword(s):  
Heat Transfer ◽  
Heat Exchanger ◽  
Heat Exchangers ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Heating Systems ◽  
Solar Water ◽  
Water Heaters ◽  
Prandtl Numbers ◽  
Area Product ◽  
Solar Water Heaters

Determining the performance of indirect solar heating systems that use thermosyphon heat exchangers requires knowledge of how thermosyphon flow rate and heat exchanger performance vary with operating conditions. In this paper, measured performance of a two-pass, tube-in-shell, double-wall heat exchanger is discussed in terms of modeling issues. Thermosyphon heat exchangers may operate in the developing, mixed convection regime where natural convection effects can significantly influence overall heat transfer and friction coefficients. Existing models which assume the thermal and hydraulic behaviors of thermosyphon heat exchangers are only functions of the thermosyphon and collector flow rates may not be suitable for all heat exchanger types. For example, the overall heat-transfer coefficient-area product for the two-pass, tube-in-shell heat exchanger is best expressed as a function of Reynolds, Grashof, and Prandtl numbers on the thermosyphon side of the heat exchanger. It is proposed that annual simulations of solar water heaters with thermosyphon heat exchangers use this type of relationship to characterize heat transfer in the heat exchanger.

Optimization of the operating conditions of bellows-type expansion joints

1999 ◽  
Vol 35 (2) ◽  
pp. 259-265 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Chernets' ◽  
C. Komorzycki
Keyword(s):  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Expansion Joints

scholarly journals Efficiency increasing by development of district heating systems operational modes using graphical analysis

2019 ◽  
Vol 102 ◽  
pp. 04003
Author(s):  
Vyacheslav V. Tokarev ◽  
Aleksandr V. Alekseev ◽  
Zoya I. Shalaginova
Keyword(s):  
District Heating ◽  
Graphical Analysis ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Heating Systems ◽  
Operating Modes ◽  
Graphical Visualization ◽  
District Heating Systems ◽  
City Plan ◽  
Operational Modes

The tasks of analyzing, developing and justifying of the district heating systems (DHS) operation modes arise at different stages of their life cycle. The article provides a brief description of the tasks, steps and methods for calculating and analyzing DHS modes, which are implementing as subtasks of the "ANGARA-HN" software. Special attention is paying to the automation of analysis processes. The developed computational and graphical software tools for parameters analyzing of the DHS operating modes consists of the means: analyzing of the initial information, calculating the values of the mode parameters and analyzing results of the calculation. Various tools allow you to visualize the distribution of selected parameters values on the graphical city plan, highlight bottlenecks, building pressure distribution graphs. The developed software designed to automate the workplaces of regimes group engineers at operational enterprises or for designer workers, when developing and justifying development schemes for urban DHS. Tools for analysis and graphical visualization significantly increase the efficiency of work by reducing the time of analysis, development and justification of operating conditions, as well as improve the quality of the results.

scholarly journals Mathematical Analysis of Optimal Operating Conditions in Heating Systems

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-16
Author(s):  
Chan Kong ◽  
Yong Sun ◽  
Hongxi Zhang ◽  
Yongjiang Shi
Keyword(s):  
Water Temperature ◽  
Flow Rate ◽  
Heating System ◽  
Optimal Operation ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Experimental Results ◽  
Optimal Operating ◽  
Heating Systems ◽  
Operation Conditions ◽  
Supply Water

With changes in the outdoor air temperature, the heat consumption of buildings also changes. Timely adjustment of the heating systems to ensure optimal operating conditions is extremely significant to save energy. In this study, the operation conditions of a heating system were analyzed numerically, and the existence, uniqueness, and stability of the optimal operation conditions of the heating system were proved. An operation optimization model that could obtain the optimal operation conditions was also established, and the correctness of the model was verified experimentally. Experimental results showed that when the flow rate was 0.606 m3/h, the supply water temperature was 67.13°C, water return temperature was 65.90°C, and the pump consumed the least amount of electricity. The experimental results and model calculation results showed that the operating cost is lower when the system flow rate is low and the supply water temperature is high under the same heat dissipation and indoor temperature.

Experimental Research Regarding Static Rigidity in Transversal Direction of “Narrow“ Modules from Modular Fixtures Structure

2015 ◽  
Vol 809-810 ◽  
pp. 754-759 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dragoş Florin Chitariu
Keyword(s):  
Angular Displacement ◽  
Base Plate ◽  
Linear Displacement ◽  
Experimental Results ◽  
Modular Structure ◽  
Total Deformation ◽  
Deformation Curves ◽  
Modular Fixtures ◽  
Static Rigidity ◽  
Measurement Base

In the paper a research methodology was developed and used to determine the rigidity in transversal direction of modular fixture structures. The paper presents experimental results regarding the total deformation of modular structure consisting of ”narrow” modules from modular kits. The research conducted showed the different evolution of deformation curves in the case of modular structure, with different shape and different sizes of modules, in the case of similar loads. The experimental results indicate displacements of the entire modular structure alongside the base plate and, also, tilting. The measured deviations of modules from fixture structure may cause "dimensional"/ position deviations (linear displacement of the measurement base) and deviations of shape and orientation-position (angular displacement of the measurement base) of the workpiece during severe machining conditions.

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