Modeling and Simulation of Industrial Coal Fired Boiler

2015 ◽  
Vol 787 ◽  
pp. 255-259
Author(s):  
S. Vijayalakshmi ◽  
D. Manamalli ◽  
S. Ramesh Babu
Keyword(s):  
Power Plants ◽  
Model Simulation ◽  
Thermal Power ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Physical Parameters ◽  
First Principle ◽  
Operating Range ◽  
Plant Data ◽  
System Variables ◽  
Wide Operating

This paper presents the dynamic modeling of 210MW Industrial Coal Fired Boiler which is used commonly in thermal power plants. The goal of developing the first principle model is to capture the key dynamical properties of the boiler over a wide operating range. The model describes the complicated dynamics of the various components of Industrial coal fired boiler such as furnace, boiler drum, primary superheater attemperator and secondary superheater. The model is developed based on the physical principles, and is characterized by a few physical parameters. The parameters are determined from the construction data, and a few of them from the field test data. A strong effort has been made to strike a balance between fidelity and simplicity. From the modeling point of view, the boiler is divided into five subsystems and for each subsystem, the first principle models are developed using the mass and energy balance equations. The subsystem models are then integrated to obtain the integrated boiler model. Simulation studies are carried out based on the nominal values of the system variables and the parameters collected from a power plant. The integrated boiler model obtained is tested for its dynamic and steady state characteristics and the results of which are described. The model is validated against the unique plant data and the results are presented. The model describes the behaviour of the system over a wide operating range. A good agreement is found between the simulation and actual parameters of the boiler.

Steam Injected Gas Turbine (STIG) for Load Flexible CHP: Aspects of Dynamic Behaviour, Control and Water Recovery

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thorsten Lutsch ◽  
Uwe Gampe ◽  
Guntram Buchheim
Keyword(s):  
Steam Turbine ◽  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Operating Cost ◽  
Combined Cycle ◽  
System Response ◽  
Water Recovery ◽  
Operating Range ◽  
Demand Fluctuations ◽  
Wide Operating

Abstract Industrial combined heat and power (CHP) plants are often faced with highly variable demand of heat and power. Demand fluctuations up to 50% of nominal load are not uncommonly. The cost and revenue situation in the energy market represents a challenge, also for cogeneration of heat and power (CHP). More frequent and rapid load changes and a wide operating range are required for economic operation of industrial power plants. Maintaining pressure in steam network is commonly done directly by a condensation steam turbine in a combined cycle or indirectly by load changes of the gas turbine in a gas turbine and heat recovery steam generator arrangement. Both result in a change of the electric output of the plant. However, operating cost of a steam turbine are higher than a single gas turbine. The steam injected gas turbine (STIG) cycle with water recovery is a beneficial alternative. It provides an equivalent degree of freedom of power and heat generation. High process efficiency is achieved over a wide operating range. Although STIG is a proven technology, it is not yet widespread. The emphasis of this paper is placed on modeling the system behavior, process control and experiences in water recovery. A dynamic simulation model, based on OpenModelica, has been developed. It provides relevant information on system response for fluctuating steam injection and helps to optimize instrumentation and control. Considerable experience has been gained on water recovery with respect to condensate quality, optimum water treatment architecture and water recovery rate, which is also presented.

scholarly journals Hydro-reservoir management and unit-commitment in energy optimization

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Flávio Leite Loução Junior ◽  
Marlon Sproesser Mathias ◽  
Claudia Sagastizábal ◽  
Luiz-Rafael Santos ◽  
Francisco Nogueira Calmon Sobral
Keyword(s):  
Power Systems ◽  
Demand Response ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Unit Commitment ◽  
Thermal Power ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Mixed Integer ◽  
Thermal Power Plants ◽  
Hydro Power ◽  
Optimal Dispatch

In partnership with CCEE, CEPEL and RADIX as industrial partners, in 2021 the study group focused on the dynamics of hourly prices when industrial consumers are demand responsive, as a follow-up of the industrial problem tackled in 2018 and 2019, on ``Day-ahead pricing mechanisms for hydro-thermal power systems''. Demand response is currently being tested by the Brazilian independent system operator and by the trading chamber, ONS. The program considers reductions of consumption of some clients as an alternative to dispatching thermal power plants out of the merit order. The day-ahead problem of finding optimal dispatch and prices for the Brazilian system is modelled as a mixed-integer linear programming problem, with non-convexities related to fixed costs and minimal generation requirements for some thermal power plants. The work focuses on the point of view of an individual hydro-power generator, to determine business opportunities related to adhering to a demand response program.

scholarly journals Identification of Essential Elements in Maintaining Efficient Boiler System of a Coal Fired Thermal Power Plant

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (2S2) ◽  
pp. 406-410
Keyword(s):  
Electric Power ◽  
Thermal Energy ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Structural Model ◽  
Thermal Power ◽  
Structural Modeling ◽  
Essential Elements ◽  
Performance Model ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Interpretive Structural Modeling

Electric power is most inevitable one among the other sources of energy. It plays prime role in all developed and developing countries. More than eighty percentage of the electric power are generated from coal fired thermal power plants, in it the thermal energy available in coal is released by firing inside the boiler and transferred to water to generate the super-heated steam. All the released thermal energy inside the boiler cannot be transferred in to the water. Some percentage of heat energy gets lost to the environment without any beneficial uses. If the boiler maintains and operates in correct way, the losses can be minimized and efficiency can be improved. There are so many enablers to efficiently manage the boiler in both maintenance and operation point of view. By using ISM (Interpretive structural modeling) method, identified the relationships of enabler and they are weak in the interpretation of enabler links. To control this, TISM (Total interpretive structural modeling) is used in this paper and it is a modeling with qualitative technique. For the enablers of boiler system, this method is very useful for creating the performance model in structural form. In addition to this, the interaction between all elements of enablers can be easily identified by developed structural model of this methodology. If most important enablers which influence the efficiency of the boiler is concentrates is very easy to maintain designed efficiency of boiler. This work is narrated in this article.

Analysis of infeasible unit-commitment solutions arising in energy optimization

2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leonardo Delarmelina Secchin ◽  
Guilherme Matiussi Ramalho ◽  
Claudia Sagastizábal ◽  
Paulo Silva ◽  
Kenny Vinente
Keyword(s):  
Power Plants ◽  
Unit Commitment ◽  
Thermal Power ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Mixed Integer ◽  
Fixed Costs ◽  
Unit Commitment Problem ◽  
Optimal Dispatch ◽  
Marginal Costs ◽  
Integer Problem

The day-ahead problem of finding optimal dispatch and prices for the Brazilian power system is modeled as a mixed-integer problem, with nonconvexities related to fixed costs and minimal generation requirements for some thermal power plants. The computational tool DESSEM is currently run by the independent system operator, to define the dispatch for the next day in the whole country. DESSEM also computes marginal costs of operation that CCEE, the trading chamber, uses to determine the hourly prices for energy commercialization. The respective models sometimes produce an infeasible output. This work analyzes theoretically those infeasibilities, and proposes a prioritization to progressively resolve the constraint violation, in a manner that is sound from the practical point of view. Pros and cons of different mathematical formulations are analyzed. Special attention is put on robustness of the model, when the optimality requirements for the unit-commitment problem vary.

Modelling Total Life Cycle Cost

1986 ◽  
Vol 200 (1) ◽  
pp. 31-40 ◽  
Author(s):  
B Bhadury ◽  
S K Basu
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle ◽  
Preventive Maintenance ◽  
Life Cycle Cost ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Thermal Power ◽  
Weibull Model ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Maintenance Cost ◽  
Design Development ◽  
Total Life

In this paper, the concept of terotechnology and the formulation of life cycle cost has been taken from the point of view of the user as against that of the manufacturer, and the stages of design, development of prototypes, manufacture and testing of the machine have not been considered. This is felt appropriate since terotechnology has to date found greater application (and will continue to do so, except for military systems and installations wherein it has possibly found the greatest application) in the case of large capital equipment and machines, for example for process plants, integrated iron and steelworks, power plants etc. The hazard curve provides the basis for the estimation of the time-dependent maintenance cost incurred over the life cycle of an equipment. Accordingly a system study of the hazard rate of power units of a thermal power plant was undertaken and has been presented. Using the modified ‘bath-tub’ curve obtained from the case study and the Weibull model, an equation of the total life cycle cost has been developed. Thus the model takes into account deterioration of components and system performance over time. The model brings out the efficacy of preventive maintenance action in the form of condition monitoring and shows that the total life cycle can be increased if appropriate preventive-maintenance actions are taken in the random failure and wear-out failure regions.

Dynamic analysis of the boiler drum of a coal-fired thermal power plant

SIMULATION ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 93 (11) ◽  
pp. 995-1010 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sreepradha Chandrasekharan ◽  
Rames Chandra Panda ◽  
Bhuvaneswari Natrajan Swaminathan
Keyword(s):  
Power Plant ◽  
Thermal Power Plant ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Thermal Power ◽  
Open Loop ◽  
Plant Data ◽  
Boiler Drum ◽  
Operational Practices ◽  
Increasing Demand ◽  
Energy Balances

The subcritical coal-fired boilers of thermal power plants consist of a combustion chamber, economizer unit, drum unit (drum, riser, and downcomer), superheater unit (primary superheater, secondary superheater, and final superheater), and reheater unit. The input and output of these units are highly interactive in nature. The efficiency of the subcritical plants is only around 33%. The efficiency needs to be increased to produce more power for the increasing demand, which can be achieved only by implementing supercritical technology or ultra-supercritical technology. However, the conversion of existing subcritical power plants to supercritical power plants is impossible due to the installation cost. So in order to increase the overall efficiency of the existing subcritical power plants, boilers of such units must be examined in order to find safer operational practices. This paper highlights the mathematical modeling of the economizer unit and drum unit of boiler, which can help in enhancing the performance of the boiler system of the power plant. Mass and energy balances for the integrating boiler units have been formulated using first principle laws. The developed model has then been validated with actual plant data obtained from a 210 MW coal-fired thermal power plant. The performance of the open loop responses of the model are analyzed and are included in the results and discussion of the paper. The model provides support for level, pressure, and temperature measurements and predictions. The effect of changes in the parameters of the boiler are studied and discussed in detail.

scholarly journals Monitoring the difference in liquid levels in adjacent tanks

Radiotekhnika ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 115-119
Author(s):  
B.V. Zhukov ◽  
A.V. Odnovo
Keyword(s):  
Power Plants ◽  
Block Diagram ◽  
Thermal Power ◽  
Pulse Signal ◽  
Signal Propagation ◽  
Level Gauge ◽  
Operating Range ◽  
Before And After ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Adjacent Channels

The possibility of synchronous monitoring of coolant levels in the cooling systems of nuclear and thermal power plants before and after the barrier mesh using a specialized level gauge is considered. The block diagram of a level gauge providing current synchronous control of liquid levels in two adjacent channels (reservoirs), as well as the difference in liquid levels in them, is presented. A feature of the structural diagram of a specialized acoustic level gauge is the use of a radiation source common to both channels and a device for dividing the common waveguide path into two channels. An algorithm for the functioning of a specialized level gauge has been developed, in which, based on time diagrams, it is shown how the level is controlled in each channel and the difference in liquid levels before and after the barrier grid is calculated. The description of the algorithm is accompanied by calculated expressions for determining the levels and the difference in liquid levels. For a level gauge made in the acoustic wavelength range, a condition is given that is necessary for the creation of a device that provides matching when dividing a common channel into two independent channels of pulse signal propagation. This condition made it possible to establish the relationship between the inner diameters of cylindrical pipes used as waveguide paths of an acoustic wave.  Variants of the implementation of a specialized level gauge based on two modifications of the ZOND-3M level gauge are proposed, in which cylindrical pipes are used as waveguiding systems. It is shown that when using the AP-7VT transceiver, the level gauge will have an operating range of up to 10m with a level resolution of ± 1mm, and when using the AP-70T transceiver, it will have an operating range of up to 20m with a level resolution of ± 1cm.

scholarly journals Mechanical strength of slag crushed stone generated at coal-fired thermal power plants

Vestnik MGSU ◽  
2020 ◽  
pp. 968-979
Author(s):  
Aleksandr A. Lunev
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Strength ◽  
Coal Mining ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Thermal Power ◽  
Deformation Modulus ◽  
Coarse Grained ◽  
Crushed Stone ◽  
Physical Parameters ◽  
Kuznetsk Coal ◽  
Factors Influencing

Introduction. Production waste is used in the construction industry worldwide as it helps to cover a considerable portion of the industry’s demand for building materials. Coarse-grained slag deposits (slag crushed stone and sand), formed in the slag washout zone, have more potential for application than other ash and slag mixtures (coarse ASM), but they need more research. Mechanical properties of the slag crushed stone (coarse-grained ASM), formed in the course of coal combustion at Kansk-Achinsk, Kuznetsk coal deposits (in boilers equipped with liquid and dry slag removal facilities) and the application of the slag crushed stone in roadbuilding are considered. Materials and methods. In the course of the research, the crushability and the deformation modulus of particular fractions of slag crushed stone samples (in dry and water-saturated conditions) taken from the dumps of Novosibirsk TPP-3 (that consumes the coal of the Kansk-Achinsk coal mining field) and from Novosibirsk TPP-2 and Seversk TPP (that consume the coal of the Kuznetsk coal mining field) were identified. To assess the factors influencing the mechanical strength of the slag crushed stone, ignition losses, the content of flaky and acicular particles, dust and clay particles and clay lumps was made. Results. The difference in the mechanical strength of samples having different genesis was identified. The graphs obtained in the course of testing were assessed and deformability characteristics were calculated (for materials having different fineness values). The factors influencing the mechanical strength of slag crushed stone were determined. Dependencies between deformation parameters and crushability of the slag crushed stone were obtained. Conclusions. Some mechanical and physical parameters of the slag crushed stone were identified; they were applied to outline potential areas of the slag crushed stone application in road building. The mathematical relationship needed to project the deformation modulus of the slag crushed stone was identified. This relationship will be used to design structures to be made of this material.

scholarly journals Heat transfer for the boiling crisis in porous systems

2022 ◽  
Vol 1216 (1) ◽  
pp. 012012
Author(s):  
A A Genbach ◽  
H I Beloev ◽  
D Yu Bondartsev ◽  
N A Genbach
Keyword(s):  
Heat Exchange ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Flow System ◽  
Thermal Power ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Porous Structures ◽  
Combustion Chambers ◽  
Exchange Processes ◽  
Mesh Structures ◽  
The Ideal

Abstract In this paper we analized and investigated the heat exchange crisis of boiling in porous structures, applicable in thermal power plants. Then we describe the heat exchange processes mechanism and determined the ideal sizes and thicknesses of porous structures. The designed porous structures can be implemented in gas turbine’s nozzles and combustion chambers. From an environmental point of view, the consumption coolant liquid is reduced by ten times in comparison the standard flow system. It’s effectively to develop mesh structures to allow the extension of the critical loads and manage the surface border.

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