scholarly journals Smart Materials for Biomedical Applications: The Usefulness of Shape-Memory Polymers

2019 ◽  
Vol 890 ◽  
pp. 237-247 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cristiana Fernandes ◽  
Geetha B. Heggannavar ◽  
Mahadevappa Y. Kariduraganavar ◽  
Geoffrey R. Mitchell ◽  
Nuno Alves ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Shape Memory ◽  
Smart Materials ◽  
Biomedical Applications ◽  
Shape Memory Polymers ◽  
Smart Polymers ◽  
Stimuli Responsive ◽  
Smart Biomaterials

This review describes available smart biomaterials for biomedical applications. Biomaterials have gained special attention because of their characteristics, along with biocompatibility, biodegradability, renewability, and inexpensiveness. In addition, they are also sensitive towards various stimuli such as temperature, light, magnetic, electro, pH and can respond to two or more stimuli at the same time. In this manuscript, the suitability of stimuli-responsive smart polymers was examined, providing examples of its usefulness in the biomedical applications.

Novel Behavior in Smart Polymeric Materials: Stress Memory and its Potential Applications

2016 ◽  
Vol 97 ◽  
pp. 93-99
Author(s):  
Jin Lian Hu ◽  
Harishkumar Narayana
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Field ◽  
Shape Memory ◽  
Smart Materials ◽  
Shape Memory Polymers ◽  
Polymeric Materials ◽  
External Stimulus ◽  
Artificial Muscles ◽  
Recovery Stress ◽  
Stress Memory ◽  
Potential Applications

Materials, structures and systems, responsive to an external stimulus are smart and adaptive to our human demands. Among smart materials, polymers with shape memory effect are at the forefront of research leading to comprehensive publications and wide applications. In this paper, we extend the concept of shape memory polymers to stress memory ones, which have been discovered recently. Like shape memory, stress memory represents a phenomenon where the stress in a polymer can be programmed, stored and retrieved reversibly with an external stimulus such as temperature and magnetic field. Stress memory may be mistaken as the recovery stress which was studied quite broadly. Our further investigation also reveals that stress memory is quite different from recovery stress containing multi-components including elastic and viscoelastic forces in addition to possible memory stress. Stress memory could be used into applications such as sensors, pressure garments, massage devices, electronic skins and artificial muscles. The current revelation of stress memory potentials is emanated from an authentic application of memory fibres, films, and foams in the smart compression devices for the management of chronic and therapeutic disorders.

scholarly journals Stimuli-Responsive Graphene Nanohybrids for Biomedical Applications

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-18 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dinesh K. Patel ◽  
Yu-Ri Seo ◽  
Ki-Taek Lim
Keyword(s):  
Drug Delivery ◽  
Functional Groups ◽  
Hybrid Materials ◽  
Smart Materials ◽  
Biomedical Applications ◽  
Materials Science ◽  
High Surface ◽  
Single Layer ◽  
Stimuli Responsive ◽  
Physiochemical Properties

Stimuli-responsive materials, also known as smart materials, can change their structure and, consequently, original behavior in response to external or internal stimuli. This is due to the change in the interactions between the various functional groups. Graphene, which is a single layer of carbon atoms with a hexagonal morphology and has excellent physiochemical properties with a high surface area, is frequently used in materials science for various applications. Numerous surface functionalizations are possible for the graphene structure with different functional groups, which can be used to alter the properties of native materials. Graphene-based hybrids exhibit significant improvements in their native properties. Since functionalized graphene contains several reactive groups, the behavior of such hybrid materials can be easily tuned by changing the external conditions, which is very useful in biomedical applications. Enhanced cell proliferation and differentiation of stem cells was reported on the surfaces of graphene-based hybrids with negligible cytotoxicity. In addition, pH or light-induced drug delivery with a controlled release rate was observed for such nanohybrids. Besides, notable improvements in antimicrobial activity were observed for nanohybrids, which demonstrated their potential for biomedical applications. This review describes the physiochemical properties of graphene and graphene-based hybrid materials for stimuli-responsive drug delivery, tissue engineering, and antimicrobial applications.

scholarly journals Shape-Memory Polymers for Biomedical Applications

2008 ◽  
Vol 54 ◽  
pp. 96-102 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andreas Lendlein ◽  
Marc Behl
Keyword(s):  
Shape Memory ◽  
Material Properties ◽  
Biomedical Applications ◽  
Traditional Approach ◽  
Shape Change ◽  
Shape Memory Polymers ◽  
Thermally Induced ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Multifunctional Polymers ◽  
Suitable Process

Most polymers used in clinical applications today are materials that have been developed originally for application areas other than biomedicine. On the other side, different biomedical applications are demanding different combinations of material properties and functionalities. Compared to the intrinsic material properties, a functionality is not given by nature but result from the combination of the polymer architecture and a suitable process. Examples for functionalities that play a prominent role in the development of multifunctional polymers for medical applications are biofunctionality (e.g. cell or tissue specificity), degradability, or shape-memory functionality. In this sense, an important aim for developing multifunctional polymers is tailoring of biomaterials for specific biomedical applications. Here the traditional approach, which is designing a single new homo- or copolymer, reaches its limits. The strategy, that is applied here, is the development of polymer systems whose macroscopic properties can be tailored over a wide range by variation of molecular parameters. The Shape-memory capability of a material is its ability to trigger a predefined shape change by exposure to an external stimulus. A change in shape initiated by heat is called thermally-induced shape-memory effect. Thermally, light-, and magnetically induced shape-memory polymers will be presented, that were developed especially for minimally invasive surgery and other biomedical applications. Furthermore triple-shape polymers will be introduced, that have the capability to perform two subsequent shape changes. Thus enabling more complex movements of a polymeric material.

Biomedical applications of shape-memory polymers: how practically useful are they?

2014 ◽  
Vol 57 (4) ◽  
pp. 476-489 ◽  
Author(s):  
YeeShan Wong ◽  
JenFong Kong ◽  
Leonardus K. Widjaja ◽  
Subbu S. Venkatraman
Keyword(s):  
Shape Memory ◽  
Biomedical Applications ◽  
Shape Memory Polymers

Shape Memory Behavior of Carbon Composites With Functional Interlayer

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. Santo ◽  
L. Iorio ◽  
G. M. Tedde ◽  
F. Quadrini
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Fiber ◽  
Shape Memory ◽  
Polymer Composites ◽  
Polymer Matrix ◽  
Smart Materials ◽  
Shape Memory Polymer ◽  
Shape Memory Polymers ◽  
Carbon Composites ◽  
Three Point Bending ◽  
Functional Behavior

Shape Memory Polymer Composites (SMPCs) are smart materials showing the structural properties of long-fiber polymer-matrix together with the functional behavior of shape memory polymers. In this study, SM carbon fiber reinforced (CFR) composites have been produced by using a SM interlayer between two CFR prepregs. Their SM properties have been evaluated in comparison with traditional structural CFR composites without the SM interlayer by using an especially designed test. Active and frozen forces are measured during a thermo-mechanical cycle in the three-point bending configuration. Experimental results show that SMPCs are able to fix a temporary deformed shape by freezing high stresses.

scholarly journals Shape-Memory Polymeric Artificial Muscles: Mechanisms, Applications and Challenges

Molecules ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 25 (18) ◽  
pp. 4246 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yujie Chen ◽  
Chi Chen ◽  
Hafeez Ur Rehman ◽  
Xu Zheng ◽  
Hua Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Shape Memory ◽  
Smart Materials ◽  
Recent Progress ◽  
Shape Memory Polymer ◽  
Shape Memory Polymers ◽  
Artificial Muscles ◽  
Linkage Design ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Liquid Crystal Elastomers ◽  
Made In

Shape-memory materials are smart materials that can remember an original shape and return to their unique state from a deformed secondary shape in the presence of an appropriate stimulus. This property allows these materials to be used as shape-memory artificial muscles, which form a subclass of artificial muscles. The shape-memory artificial muscles are fabricated from shape-memory polymers (SMPs) by twist insertion, shape fixation via Tm or Tg, or by liquid crystal elastomers (LCEs). The prepared SMP artificial muscles can be used in a wide range of applications, from biomimetic and soft robotics to actuators, because they can be operated without sophisticated linkage design and can achieve complex final shapes. Recently, significant achievements have been made in fabrication, modelling, and manipulation of SMP-based artificial muscles. This paper presents a review of the recent progress in shape-memory polymer-based artificial muscles. Here we focus on the mechanisms of SMPs, applications of SMPs as artificial muscles, and the challenges they face concerning actuation. While shape-memory behavior has been demonstrated in several stimulated environments, our focus is on thermal-, photo-, and electrical-actuated SMP artificial muscles.

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