A Review on the Glass Transition of Polymer on Surface and in the Thin Film

2014 ◽  
Vol 1002 ◽  
pp. 17-22
Author(s):  
Ran Huang
Keyword(s):  
Thin Film ◽  
Glass Transition ◽  
Materials Science ◽  
Research Field ◽  
Science And Engineering ◽  
Chain Mobility ◽  
Geometric Confinement ◽  
Materials Science And Engineering ◽  
Active Research ◽  
Bulk Behavior

Since the first paper by Keddie et al. published on 1994 [21], the glass transition of polymer systems on surface/thin film has been an active research field and attracted many groups interests. Numerous works have been done, in both experimental and computation approaches, to investigate this subject. In this paper we reviewed the milestone findings in the last twenty years. Generally with only minor disagreements in the mechanism all the mainstream works are consistent in the conclusions that: 1) Geometric confinement in thin film or on surface reduces the glass transition temperatureTgcomparing to the bulk behavior; 2) For supported film the substrate-film interaction is critical and its effect may surpass the geometry effects and rise increase onTg; 3) Chain mobility and molecular weight are critical but the detailed phenomena vary with systems. Notwithstanding the achievement has been made, due to the controversy of glass transition itself and technology limitation on characterization on glass transitions on thin film, the research in this field is still a long-marching effort and breakthrough findings are expected for the development in materials science and engineering and feedback knowledge to understand the glass transition on the theoretical base.

scholarly journals Self-organization in precipitation reactions far from the equilibrium

2016 ◽  
Vol 2 (8) ◽  
pp. e1601144 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elias Nakouzi ◽  
Oliver Steinbock
Keyword(s):  
Materials Science ◽  
Research Field ◽  
Science And Engineering ◽  
Liesegang Bands ◽  
Potential Applications ◽  
Materials Science And Engineering ◽  
Product Structures ◽  
Precipitation Reactions ◽  
Reaction Transport ◽  
Chemical Gardens

Far from the thermodynamic equilibrium, many precipitation reactions create complex product structures with fascinating features caused by their unusual origins. Unlike the dissipative patterns in other self-organizing reactions, these features can be permanent, suggesting potential applications in materials science and engineering. We review four distinct classes of precipitation reactions, describe similarities and differences, and discuss related challenges for theoretical studies. These classes are hollow micro- and macrotubes in chemical gardens, polycrystalline silica carbonate aggregates (biomorphs), Liesegang bands, and propagating precipitation-dissolution fronts. In many cases, these systems show intricate structural hierarchies that span from the nanometer scale into the macroscopic world. We summarize recent experimental progress that often involves growth under tightly regulated conditions by means of wet stamping, holographic heating, and controlled electric, magnetic, or pH perturbations. In this research field, progress requires mechanistic insights that cannot be derived from experiments alone. We discuss how mesoscopic aspects of the product structures can be modeled by reaction-transport equations and suggest important targets for future studies that should also include materials features at the nanoscale.

The Undergraduate Physics and Materials Science Connection

MRS Bulletin ◽  
1990 ◽  
Vol 15 (8) ◽  
pp. 37-39
Author(s):  
D.F. Holcomb
Keyword(s):  
Undergraduate Students ◽  
Materials Science ◽  
Research Field ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Field Analysis ◽  
Science And Engineering ◽  
Disciplinary Boundaries ◽  
Interdisciplinary Field ◽  
Materials Science And Engineering ◽  
Composition Properties

Materials science is fundamentally an interdisciplinary field. For purposes of discussing undergraduate preparation for work in materials science, I think it useful to take chemistry, physics, and materials science and engineering as three more-or-less separate disciplines which combine to form the overall field of materials science. The primary reason for this particular taxonomy is pragmatic rather than philosophical. Undergraduate students choose major fields of study on the basis of disciplinary boundaries. Thus, in thinking about undergraduate preparation for work in the overall field, analysis of the present situation and/or recommendations for change must revolve around that reality.The recent report entitled Materials Science and Engineering for the 1990s (the MS&E Study), sets forth the four elements of materials science and engineering as “structure and composition, properties, performance, and synthesis and processing.” An examination of these specific elements permits us to make useful distinctions among the three disciplines that combine to form the field of materials science. For example, while input from the point of view of physics certainly can contribute rather directly to expansion of our knowledge in the first three areas, its possible contribution to the last is, at best, indirect. To somewhat belabor the point, the research field of condensed matter physics is certainly contained within the field of materials but arguably not part of the discipline of materials science and engineering.The MS&E Study includes a chapter entitled “Manpower and Education in Materials Science and Engineering.” Within that chapter is a section called “Undergraduate Education in Materials Science and Engineering.”

Everything you've always wanted to know about what your students think they know but were afraid to ask.

2000 ◽  
Vol 632 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eric Werwa
Keyword(s):  
Materials Science ◽  
Science Museum ◽  
Science And Engineering ◽  
Museum Exhibit ◽  
Museum Visitors ◽  
The Public ◽  
Materials Science And Engineering ◽  
Properties Of Materials ◽  
Formal Science ◽  
Lay Public

ABSTRACTA review of the educational literature on naive concepts about principles of chemistry and physics and surveys of science museum visitors reveal that people of all ages have robust alternative notions about the nature of atoms, matter, and bonding that persist despite formal science education experiences. Some confusion arises from the profound differences in the way that scientists and the lay public use terms such as materials, metals, liquids, models, function, matter, and bonding. Many models that eloquently articulate arrangements of atoms and molecules to informed scientists are not widely understood by lay people and may promote naive notions among the public. Shifts from one type of atomic model to another and changes in size scales are particularly confusing to learners. People's abilities to describe and understand the properties of materials are largely based on tangible experiences, and much of what students learn in school does not help them interpret their encounters with materials and phenomena in everyday life. Identification of these challenges will help educators better convey the principles of materials science and engineering to students, and will be particularly beneficial in the design of the Materials MicroWorld traveling museum exhibit.

scholarly journals Metal Nano/Microparticles for Bioapplications

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (9) ◽  
pp. 4543
Author(s):  
Xuan-Hung Pham ◽  
Seung-min Park ◽  
Bong-Hyun Jun
Keyword(s):  
Materials Science ◽  
Functional Materials ◽  
Science And Engineering ◽  
Micro Particles ◽  
Materials Science And Engineering

Nano/micro particles are considered to be the most valuable and important functional materials in the field of materials science and engineering [...]

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