Potential of Nanofiltration for Brackish Water Desalination in Gaza Strip

2011 ◽  
Vol 233-235 ◽  
pp. 2356-2358
Author(s):  
A A. Abuhabib ◽  
Abdul Wahab Mohammad ◽  
Rakmi Abd-Rahman

Nanofiltration membranes have proven their applicability in desalination as well as many other fields in water and wastewater industries. Two commercial nanofiltration membranes denoted as NF and ASP30 were chosen to be investigated in terms of their characteristics and performance in order to determine their suitability and applicability for brackish water desalination in Gaza Strip. In this work, membranes flux and rejection of two additional salts (Na2SO4 and KCl) is reported. Both membranes showed higher rejection rate for Na2SO4 (99% for NF and 75% for ASP30) when compared to KCl (36% for NF and 32% for ASP30). ASP30 had higher flux for both salts solutions (110 L.mˉ².hˉ¹ for Na2SO4 and 121 L.mˉ².hˉ¹ for KCl) while NF membrane had lower flux for both of them (78.4 L.mˉ².hˉ¹ for Na2SO4 and 72.5 L.mˉ².hˉ¹ for KCl). In addition, the variation of salt rejection versus permeation provides a possibility of optimizing operational conditions of both membranes. The results indicated good potential in applying both membranes to desalinate brackish water of Gaza Strip which is characterized by up to 2000 mg/l TDS of which Chloride is up to 700 mg/l.

2013 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 315-324 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yunes Mogheir ◽  
Ahmad A. Foul ◽  
A. A. Abuhabib ◽  
A. W. Mohammad

Water scarcity is a serious challenge in the Gaza Strip, a region that is mostly considered to be semi-arid. In this region, the population's options for provision of potable water are limited to desalination of saline groundwater. Six large brackish water desalination plants (BWDPs) and one seawater desalination plant are operating and providing drinking water along with small private plants. The BWDPs were assessed in terms of operational conditions and quality of their feed and permeate with the aim of estimating essential improvements required as well as performance significance. All these plants are reverse osmosis plants and their operational conditions are similar in terms of production, recovery rate, and energy consumption. The quality of the plants’ feed was found not to comply with WHO and Palestinian Standards in most cases, unlike the permeate from all plants. The assessment made through this study assists in better understanding of the current situation of the large-scale desalination plants in Gaza and recommending essential improvements needed to increase water production of these plants without increasing abstraction and feed quantities. In addition, multi-criteria analysis used to evaluate BWDPs performance may assist in prioritizing improvements application.


2015 ◽  
Vol 7 (29) ◽  
pp. 15696-15706 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wael Ali ◽  
Beate Gebert ◽  
Tobias Hennecke ◽  
Karlheinz Graf ◽  
Mathias Ulbricht ◽  
...  

RSC Advances ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 4 (99) ◽  
pp. 55773-55780 ◽  
Author(s):  
Raghavendra S. Hebbar ◽  
Arun M. Isloor ◽  
A. F. Ismail

Polyetherimide/hydrolysed PIAM blend NF membranes have been prepared and characterized. The PEI/hydrolysed PIAM composition of 80 : 20 showed very good salt rejection (sodium sulphate) up to 76% with a pure water flux of 11.8 L m−2 h−1. This study provides a simple and effective approach to produce negatively charged NF membranes for water desalination applications with low energy consumption.


2019 ◽  
Vol 42 (1) ◽  
pp. 49-58
Author(s):  
Abderrezak Bouchareb ◽  
Mehdi Metaiche ◽  
Hakim Lounici

Abstract In recent years, the increasing threat to ground water quality due to human activities has become a matter of great concern. The ground water quality problems present today are caused by contamination and by over exploitation or by combination of both. Reverse osmosis (RO) desalination is one of the main technologies for producing fresh water from sea water and brackish ground water. Algeria is one of the countries which suffer from the water shortage since many years, so desalination technology becomes inevitable solution to this matter. In this study, a comparison is provided of results of reverse osmosis desalination for three different qualities of brackish water from the central-east region of Algeria (Bouira and Setif Prefectures), wherein they cannot use it as human drinking or in irrigation systems. The main objective of our study is to establish a comparison of the reverse osmosis membrane TW30-2540 performances in the term of (permeate flow, recovery rate, permeate total dissolved solids – TDS and salts rejection) under different operation pressures (each one takes a time of 720 second for pilot scaling). In order to make an overview comparison between the experimental and the simulated results we used ROSA (Reverse Osmosis System Analysis) software. At the end of this study we noted that, the simulated results are lower than the pilot scaling values and the most removed salts are the sodium chlorides with 99.05% of rejection rate.


2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Muthia Elma ◽  
Mahmud Mahmud ◽  
Fitri Ria Mustalifah ◽  
Akhbar Akhbar ◽  
Lilis Suryani ◽  
...  

Krisis air bersih khususnya di Kalimantan Selatan pada musim kemarau sering terjadi karena adanya intrusi air laut yang mengakibatkan air menjadi payau. Konsentrasi garam tinggi yang tidak sesuai baku mutu air bersih mengharuskan perlu adanya pengolahan. Oleh karena itu, proses desalinasi melalui pervaporasi menjadi pilihan untuk memisahkan kadar garam yang terlarut dalam air. Proses desalinasi dilakukan menggunakan membran silika yang dimodifikasi dengan menambahkan karbon dari pektin pisang untuk memperkuat struktur pori dan meningkatkan hidrostabilitas membran. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui kinerja membran silika-pektin pisang dengan metode pervaporasi (PV) menggunakan umpan air payau (NaCl 0,3 wt%) pada suhu ruang (~25°C). Bahan utama pada pembuatan membran ini adalah tetraethyl orthosilicate (TEOS). Membran silika-pektin pisang dengan konsentrasi 1% dikalsinasi pada suhu 300°C dan suhu 400°C melalui teknik RTP (Rapid Thermal Processing). Nilai fluks membran pada suhu kalsinasi 300°C sebesar 4,5 kg.m-2.jam-1 dengan nilai rejeksi garamnya sebesar 99,64 %. Sedangkan pada membran dengan suhu kalsinasi 400°C menghasilkan nilai fluks sebesar 13,2 kg.m-2.jam-1 dengan nilai rejeksi garam sebesar 99,78%. Kinerja kedua membran menunjukkan hasil yang sangat baik pada suhu kalsinasi 400°C dikarenakan adanya pengaruh penyisipan karbon dalam matriks silika sehingga pori yang terbentuk lebih kuat.  Kata kunci: air payau, desalinasi air payau, membran silika-pektin, pektin pisang, pervaporasi. South Kalimantan during the dry season has been clean water scarcity, due to the sea water intrusion which formed brackish water. High salt concentration in brackish water is does not meet with clean water quality standards that necessary to processing before used. Therefore, the desalination process via pervaporation has chosen to separate the dissolved salt ions in water. The desalination process was carried out using a modified silica membrane by carbon templated from banana pectin to strengthen the pore structure and increase membrane hydro-stability. This work aims to determine the performance of banana silica-pectin membrane by pervaporation (PV) method, using brackish water (NaCl 0,3 wt%) at room temperature (~25°C). The main ingredient to make this membrane is tetraethyl orthosilicate (TEOS). Banana silica-pectin membrane with a concentration of 1% was calcined at 300 ° C and 400°C via RTP (Rapid Thermal Processing) technique. The water flux of membrane calcined at 300°C is 4,5 kg.m-2.h-1 with the salt rejection of 99,64%. Whereas the membrane in calcined temperature of 400°C produced a water flux of 13,2 kg.m-2.h-1 with a salt rejection of 99,78%. An excellent performance of both membranes showed at calcination temperature of 400°C due to the influence of carbon template in the silica matrices that makes the pores more robust. Keywords: banana pectin, brackish water, brackish water desalination, pervaporation, silica-pectin membrane.


2017 ◽  
Vol 5 (31) ◽  
pp. 16289-16295 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jing-Jing Wang ◽  
Hao-Cheng Yang ◽  
Ming-Bang Wu ◽  
Xi Zhang ◽  
Zhi-Kang Xu

Nanofiltration membranes are of great interest in brackish water desalination and drinking water purification.


Desalination ◽  
2004 ◽  
Vol 167 ◽  
pp. 403-409 ◽  
Author(s):  
Randa Haddada ◽  
Ezzedine Ferjani ◽  
Mohamed Sadok Roudesli ◽  
André Deratani

Desalination ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 314 ◽  
pp. 96-100 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yunes Mogheir ◽  
Ahmad A. Foul ◽  
A.A. Abuhabib ◽  
A.W. Mohammad

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