scholarly journals EVALUASI KINERJA MEMBRAN SILIKA PEKTIN UNTUK DESALINASI AIR PAYAU TERHADAP SUHU KALSINASI MEMBRAN

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Muthia Elma ◽  
Mahmud Mahmud ◽  
Fitri Ria Mustalifah ◽  
Akhbar Akhbar ◽  
Lilis Suryani ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Brackish Water ◽  
Thermal Processing ◽  
Sea Water ◽  
Water Flux ◽  
Rapid Thermal Processing ◽  
Tetraethyl Orthosilicate ◽  
Water Desalination ◽  
Clean Water ◽  
Silica Membrane ◽  
Salt Rejection

Krisis air bersih khususnya di Kalimantan Selatan pada musim kemarau sering terjadi karena adanya intrusi air laut yang mengakibatkan air menjadi payau. Konsentrasi garam tinggi yang tidak sesuai baku mutu air bersih mengharuskan perlu adanya pengolahan. Oleh karena itu, proses desalinasi melalui pervaporasi menjadi pilihan untuk memisahkan kadar garam yang terlarut dalam air. Proses desalinasi dilakukan menggunakan membran silika yang dimodifikasi dengan menambahkan karbon dari pektin pisang untuk memperkuat struktur pori dan meningkatkan hidrostabilitas membran. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui kinerja membran silika-pektin pisang dengan metode pervaporasi (PV) menggunakan umpan air payau (NaCl 0,3 wt%) pada suhu ruang (~25°C). Bahan utama pada pembuatan membran ini adalah tetraethyl orthosilicate (TEOS). Membran silika-pektin pisang dengan konsentrasi 1% dikalsinasi pada suhu 300°C dan suhu 400°C melalui teknik RTP (Rapid Thermal Processing). Nilai fluks membran pada suhu kalsinasi 300°C sebesar 4,5 kg.m-2.jam-1 dengan nilai rejeksi garamnya sebesar 99,64 %. Sedangkan pada membran dengan suhu kalsinasi 400°C menghasilkan nilai fluks sebesar 13,2 kg.m-2.jam-1 dengan nilai rejeksi garam sebesar 99,78%. Kinerja kedua membran menunjukkan hasil yang sangat baik pada suhu kalsinasi 400°C dikarenakan adanya pengaruh penyisipan karbon dalam matriks silika sehingga pori yang terbentuk lebih kuat.  Kata kunci: air payau, desalinasi air payau, membran silika-pektin, pektin pisang, pervaporasi. South Kalimantan during the dry season has been clean water scarcity, due to the sea water intrusion which formed brackish water. High salt concentration in brackish water is does not meet with clean water quality standards that necessary to processing before used. Therefore, the desalination process via pervaporation has chosen to separate the dissolved salt ions in water. The desalination process was carried out using a modified silica membrane by carbon templated from banana pectin to strengthen the pore structure and increase membrane hydro-stability. This work aims to determine the performance of banana silica-pectin membrane by pervaporation (PV) method, using brackish water (NaCl 0,3 wt%) at room temperature (~25°C). The main ingredient to make this membrane is tetraethyl orthosilicate (TEOS). Banana silica-pectin membrane with a concentration of 1% was calcined at 300 ° C and 400°C via RTP (Rapid Thermal Processing) technique. The water flux of membrane calcined at 300°C is 4,5 kg.m-2.h-1 with the salt rejection of 99,64%. Whereas the membrane in calcined temperature of 400°C produced a water flux of 13,2 kg.m-2.h-1 with a salt rejection of 99,78%. An excellent performance of both membranes showed at calcination temperature of 400°C due to the influence of carbon template in the silica matrices that makes the pores more robust. Keywords: banana pectin, brackish water, brackish water desalination, pervaporation, silica-pectin membrane.

scholarly journals PENGARUH KONSENTRASI PEKTIN KULIT PISANG TERHADAP KINERJA MEMBRAN SILIKA YANG DIAPLIKASIKAN PADA AIR PAYAU

2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Muthia Elma ◽  
Mahmud Mahmud ◽  
Lilis Suryani ◽  
Akhbar Akhbar ◽  
Fitri Ria Mustalifah ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sea Water ◽  
Water Flux ◽  
Tetraethyl Orthosilicate ◽  
Water Desalination ◽  
Cold Trap ◽  
Banana Peel ◽  
Special Treatment ◽  
Average Height ◽  
Silica Membrane ◽  
Calcination Temperatures

Banjarmasin berada di ketinggian rata-rata 0,16 m dibawah permukaan laut. Sumber air bersih seperti sungai dan sumur yang jika musim kemarau atau saat air laut pasang dapat menjadi asin karena intrusi air laut. Sehingga, dalam penggunaannya perlu mendapat perlakuan khusus untuk menghilangkan kadar garam yang terkandung dalam air seperti teknologi membran. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh penambahan pektin kulit pisang dengan konsentrasi berbeda terhadap kinerja membran silika-pektin pada proses desalinasi air payau. Membran yang digunakan berasal dari Tetraethyl orthosilicate (TEOS) dengan pektin dari limbah kulit pisang sebagai template. Penyisipan pektin dari limbah kulit pisang dilakukan untuk meningkatkan hidrostabilitas dan memperkuat struktur silika pada membran.  Kinerja membran diuji melalui proses pervaporasi pada suhu ruang (25oC).  Pervaporasi dilakukan dengan mengumpulkan permeat kedalam cold trap yang fasenya diubah menjadi uap pada saat pemisahan dan dikondensasi kembali dengan bantuan nitrogen cair.  Pervaporasi air payau artifisial (NaCl 0,3%) sebagai umpan diuji menggunakan membran silika dengan konsentrasi pektin 1% dan 2,5% kalsinasi 300 oC.  Hasil dari penelitian ini, fluks air yang didapat rata-rata 4,53 kg.m2.h-1 (1%) dan 7,14 kg.m2.h-1 (2,5%) dengan rejeksi garam yang diperoleh >90%. Dapat disimpulkan bahwa semakin tinggi konsentrasi pektin yang digunakan akan menghasilkan fluks yang lebih tinggi. Kata kunci: desalinasi, membran silika pektin, pektin kulit pisang, pervaporasi. Banjarmasin has an average height of 0.16 m below sea level. Clean water sources such as river and well during hot season or high tides become salty due to sea water intrusion. Therefore, it needs special treatment to remove the levels of salt contained in water using membrane technology.  The purpose of this research is to understand the effect of the addition of pectin from banana peel with different concentrations on the performance of the silica-pectin membrane in the brackish water desalination process. Membrane was prepared from Tetraethyl orthosilicate (TEOS) with pectin from banana peel waste as a template. Pectin addition from banana peel waste is done to increase hydrostability and strengthen silica structure in the membrane. Membrane performance was tested through pervaporation at room temperature (25oC). Pervaporation is carried out by collecting permeats into cold trap whose phases are converted to gas during separation and re-condensed using liquid nitrogen. Artifisial brakish water pervaporation (NaCl 0.3%) applied as feed was treated by using silica membranes with pectin concentrations of 1% and 2.5% at calcination temperatures of 300oC.  The results of this study, observed average water flux obtained was 4.53 kg.m2.h-1 (1%) and 7.14 kg.m2.h-1 (2.5%) with salt rejection obtained > 90 %. Keywords:banana peel pectin, desalination, pectin silica membrane, pervaporation

scholarly journals Removal of natural organic matter for wetland saline water desalination by coagulation-pervaporation

2019 ◽  
Vol 22 (3) ◽  
pp. 85-92 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aulia Rahma ◽  
Muthia Elma ◽  
Mahmud Mahmud ◽  
Chairul Irawan ◽  
Amalia Enggar Pratiwi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Natural Organic Matter ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Sea Water ◽  
Saline Water ◽  
Water Flux ◽  
Water Desalination ◽  
Salt Rejection ◽  
Coagulation Process ◽  
Other Hand

The high number of natural organic matter contain in wetland water may cause its water has brown color and not consumable. In other hand, intrusion of sea water through wetland aquifer create water become saline, notably on hot season. Coagulation is effective method to applied for removing of natural organic matter. However, it could not be used for salinity removal. Hence combination of coagulation and pervaporation process is attractive method to removing both of natural organic matter and conductivity of wetland saline water. The objective of this works is to investigate optimum coagulant doses for removing organic matter by coagulation process as pretreatment and to analysis performance of coagulation-pervaporation silica-pectin membrane for removing of organic matter and conductivity of wetland saline water. Coagulation process in this work carried out under varied aluminum sulfate dose 10-60 mg.L-1. Silica-pectin membrane was used for pervaporation process at feed temperature ~25 °C (room temperature). Optimum condition of pretreatment coagulation set as alum dose at 30 mg.L-1 with maximum removal efficiency 81,8 % (UV254) and 40 % (conductivity). In other hand, combining of coagulation-pervaporation silica-pectin membrane shows both of UV254 and salt rejection extremely good instead without pretreatment coagulation of 86,8 % and 99,9 % for UV254 and salt rejection respectively. Moreover, water flux of silica-pectin membrane pervaporation with coagulation pretreatment shown higher 17,7 % over water flux of wetland saline water without pretreatment coagulation. Combining of coagulation and pervaporation silica-pectin membrane is effective to removing both of organic matter and salinity of wetland saline water at room temperature.

scholarly journals PREPARATION OF AN ORGANOSILICA-BASED MEMBRANE FROM TEOS-MTES AND ITS APPLICATION FOR DESALINATION OF WETLAND SALINE WATER

Konversi ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Lilis Septyaningrum ◽  
Rahmawati Rahmawati ◽  
Fitri Ria Mustalifah ◽  
Aulia Rahma ◽  
Dewi Puspita Sari ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Saline Water ◽  
Sol Gel ◽  
Water Flux ◽  
Water Desalination ◽  
Clean Water ◽  
Water Fluxes ◽  
Salt Rejection ◽  
Membrane Performance ◽  
Wetland Water ◽  
Hot Season

When hot season, South Kalimantan society which especially, in Muara Halyung village frequently go through clean water lacking. It becomes worst by water dirtied on wetland aquifer aftermath the seawater intrusion. Wetland water sources become saline and cannot be used for household needs. Organosilica membrane technology is one of methods can be used to remove salt contain in water. This study aims are to investigate the functionalization and organosilica membrane performance from TEOS-MTES which calcined on particularly temperature for wetland saline water desalination. Synthesis of organosilica sol was conducted by sol-gel method. Then the dried sol was calcined at 350°C and 600 °C, and characterized by FTIR (Fourier Transform InfraRed). Subsequently organosilica membrane was applicated for wetland saline water desalination via pervaporation. The result shows organosilica membrane performance was obtained the water flux 10,55 and 0,87 kg.m-2h-1 which calcined at 350 and 600 °C. The salt rejection in all membrane exhibits extremely high over 99%. It evinces the organosilica membrane from TEOS-MTES which calcined at 350 °C is great to applicated for wetland saline water desalination by both of water fluxes and salt rejection showed high.

Performance of Mesoporous Organo Silica Membrane for Desalination

2020 ◽  
Vol 1000 ◽  
pp. 285-292
Author(s):  
Aptar E. Lestari ◽  
Muthia Elma ◽  
Sadidan Rabiah ◽  
Erdina Lulu Atika Rampun ◽  
Aulia Rahma ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Citric Acid ◽  
Thermal Processing ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Rapid Thermal Processing ◽  
Vapour Phase ◽  
Tetraethyl Orthosilicate ◽  
Cold Trap ◽  
Feed Concentration ◽  
Silica Network ◽  
Silica Membrane

Clean water is essential source for household purpose. However, many surface water contain high salt concentration was found. In this work, membrane was made using tetraethyl orthosilicate (TEOS) as silica precursors and citric acid as single organo catalyst. Membranes were calcined at 200 and 250 °C using Rapid thermal processing (RTP). All membranes were tested via pervaporation. Pervaporation processes allow membrane to separate salt from water as vapour phase with vacuum condition required. Permeate was collected in the cold trap after condenses. This study focus to the performance of organo silica membrane in variance of refluxed 0 and 50 °C and feed concentrations (0.3, 3.5 and 5wt% NaCl) at room temperature (~25 °C). Optimum condition was obtained at reflux 50 °C with high siloxane and Si-C bonds. Carbon content from citric acid promote silica network more strength. The good performances in variance feed concentration were also showed at reflux 50°C with 0.3324 kg.m-2.h-1 (0.3 wt%), 0,2290 kg.m-2.h-1 (3.5 wt%) and 0.2168 kg.m-2.h-1 (5 wt%). These membranes are categorized as mesoporous and achieve excellent salt rejection >95%.

scholarly journals Development of Hybrid and Templated Silica-P123 Membranes for Brackish Water Desalination

Polymers ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (11) ◽  
pp. 2644
Author(s):  
Muthia Elma ◽  
Dwi Rasy Mujiyanti ◽  
Noor Maizura Ismail ◽  
Muhammad Roil Bilad ◽  
Aulia Rahma ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Brackish Water ◽  
Thermal Processing ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Potable Water ◽  
Sol Gel ◽  
Water Flux ◽  
Water Desalination ◽  
Soft Template ◽  
Alumina Support ◽  
Set Up

Water scarcity is still a pressing issue in many regions. The application of membrane technology through water desalination to convert brackish to potable water is a promising technology to solve this issue. This study compared the performance of templated TEOS-P123 and ES40-P123 hybrid membranes for brackish water desalination. The membranes were prepared by the sol–gel method by employing tetraethyl orthosilicate (TEOS) for the carbon-templated silica (soft template) and ethyl silicate (ES40) for the hybrid organo-silica. Both sols were templated by adding 35 wt.% of pluronic triblock copolymer (P123) as the carbon source. The silica-templated sols were dip-coated onto alumina support (four layers) and were calcined by using the RTP (rapid thermal processing) method. The prepared membranes were tested using pervaporation set up at room temperature (~25 °C) using brackish water (0.3 and 1 wt.%) as the feed. It was found that the hybrid membrane exhibited the highest specific surface area (6.72 m2·g−1), pore size (3.67 nm), and pore volume (0.45 cm3·g−1). The hybrid ES40-P123 was twice thicker (2 μm) than TEOS-P123-templated membranes (1 μm). Lastly, the hybrid ES40-P123 displayed highest water flux of 6.2 kg·m−2·h−1. Both membranes showed excellent robustness and salt rejections of >99%.

scholarly journals PERFORMASI ORGANO SILICA MEMBRANE MENGGUNAKAN METODE SOL-GEL

Konversi ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Muthia Elma ◽  
Dewi Rahmawati Suparsih ◽  
Syarifah Annahdliyah
Keyword(s):  
Brackish Water ◽  
Sol Gel ◽  
Water Flux ◽  
Silica Membrane ◽  
Salt Rejection

Abstrak-Air bersih adalah air sehat yang digunakan untuk memenuhi kebutuhan manusia sehari-hari. Namun pada saat ini ketersediaan air bersih di Kalimantan Selatan menjadi salah satu masalah. Kesulitan mendapatkan air bersih disebabkan kondisi air di kalimantan selatan yang sebagian besar berupa air gambut asin. Air gambut asin merupakan air yang terintrusi oleh air laut saat musim kemarau. Hal ini menyebabkan air gambut ini memiliki tingkat keasinan yang tinggi. Salah satu teknologi yang dapat digunakan untuk mengatasi krisis air bersih ini adalah dengan menggunakan teknologi membran. Membran adalah suatu media berpori, berbentuk film tipis yang berfungsi untuk memisahkan partikel dengan ukuran molekuler dalam suatu larutan. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk menentukan performansi organo silica membrane dengan metode sol gel dengan suhu refluks 50 ⁰C. Penelitian ini menggunakan artificial brackish water (0,3% NaCl) sebagai air umpan. Membran yang digunakan ini dibuat menggunakan metode sol gel  akan di-dipcoating dan dilakukan kalsinasi pada suhu 200 oC dan 600 oC. Nilai flux membran dengan suhu kalsinasi 600 ⁰C sebesar 0,6212 kgm-2h-1 dan nilai salt rejection sebesar 99,37067 % sedangkan pada membran dengan suhu kalsinasi 200 ⁰C nilai flux sebesar 0,5950 kgm-2h-1  dan nilai salt rejection sebesar 99,45831 %. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukan bahwa pada saat  membran dengan suhu kalsinasi 600 ⁰C mempunyai performasi yang lebih baik dibandingkan dengan suhu 200 ⁰C yang disebabkan oleh ukuran pori-pori yang semakin besar terjadi pada membran yang dikalsinasi pada suhu 200 oC. Kata kunci: air gambut, membran, water flux, salt rejection

scholarly journals Membrane pervaporation performance applied for brackish water prepared by vacuum impregnation method

2021 ◽  
Vol 1195 (1) ◽  
pp. 012056
Author(s):  
N Huda ◽  
E Lulu Atika Rampun ◽  
R Ayu Lestari ◽  
Y Raharjo ◽  
D Heri Yuli Yanto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Brackish Water ◽  
Water Flux ◽  
Vacuum Impregnation ◽  
Impregnation Method ◽  
Silica Membrane ◽  
Alumina Membrane ◽  
Silica Membranes ◽  
Salt Rejection ◽  
Membrane Performance ◽  
Coating Method

Abstract Coating method and number of membrane layer are crucial factors on membrane performance. Through a vacuum impregnation method allows a sol solution uniformly fill into membrane support and it is required only less solution. The aim of this study is to apply vacuum impregnation method through vacuum calcination and air calcination during fabrication of silica membranes and to investigate the effect of layer variations on silica membranes performance to apply for brackish water. The sol solution was made from TEOS as silane precursor, ethanol and dual catalysts (citric acid + ammonia). Alumina membrane support was coated by vacuum impregnation method and calcined the membrane under air and vacuum condition. From the FTIR result, it indicates that silica membranes calcined in air and vacuum calcination have Si-O-Si and Si-OH. The vacuum impregnation obtained smoother surface membranes. The silica membrane calcined via vacuum calcination performs excellent water fluxes and salt rejection of 22.01 kg.m− 2.h−1 and 98.98 %. If compare to silica membranes calcined in air, the water flux (19.11 kg.m− 2.h−1) and salt rejection (98.75 %). It also found the two layers silica membrane is better than three layers for the membrane performance result.

Design of Thermally Responsive Polymeric Hydrogels for Brackish Water Desalination: Effect of Architecture on Swelling, Deswelling, and Salt Rejection

2015 ◽  
Vol 7 (29) ◽  
pp. 15696-15706 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wael Ali ◽  
Beate Gebert ◽  
Tobias Hennecke ◽  
Karlheinz Graf ◽  
Mathias Ulbricht ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Brackish Water ◽  
Water Desalination ◽  
Salt Rejection ◽  
Thermally Responsive ◽  
Polymeric Hydrogels

IMPACTS OF HYDROPHILIC NANOFILLERS ON SEPARATION PERFORMANCE OF THIN FILM NANOCOMPOSITE REVERSE OSMOSIS MEMBRANE

2016 ◽  
Vol 78 (12) ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Y. Chong ◽  
G. S. Lai ◽  
W. J. Lau ◽  
N. Yusof ◽  
P. S. Goh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Thin Film ◽  
Water Permeability ◽  
Interfacial Polymerization ◽  
Pure Water ◽  
Water Flux ◽  
Water Desalination ◽  
Separation Performance ◽  
Salt Rejection ◽  
Tfc Membrane ◽  
Thin Film Nanocomposite

The membrane technology is still considered a costly method to produce potable water. In view of this, RO membrane with enhanced water permeability without trade-off in salt rejection is desirable as it could further reduce the cost for water desalination. In this study, thin film nanocomposite (TFN) membranes containing 0.05 or 0.10 w/v% hydrophilic nanofillers in polyamide layer were synthesized via interfacial polymerization of piperazine and trimesoyl chloride monomers. The resultant TFN membranes were characterized and compared with a control thin film composite (TFC) membrane. Results from the filtration experiments showed that TFN membranes exhibited higher water permeability, salt rejection and fouling resistance compared to that of the TFC membrane. Excessive amount of nanofillers incorporated in the membrane PA layer however negatively affected the cross-linking in the polymer matrix, thus deteriorating the membrane salt rejection. TFN membrane containing 0.05 w/v% of nanofillers showed better performances than the TFC membrane, recording a pure water flux of 11.2 L/m2∙h, and salt rejection of 95.4%, 97.3% and 97.5% against NaCl, Na2SO4 and MgSO4, respectively. 

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