Research on Hydrocarbon Emission Regularity of Passenger Car

2011 ◽  
Vol 378-379 ◽  
pp. 401-404
Author(s):  
Xiang Ming Qiao ◽  
An Xu
Keyword(s):  
Gasoline Engine ◽  
Hypothesis Test ◽  
Maximum Error ◽  
Distribution Models ◽  
Optimum Distribution ◽  
Passenger Car ◽  
Maintenance Program ◽  
Distribution Parameters ◽  
Hydrocarbon Emission ◽  
Very High

To analyse and research the idle hydrocarbon emission regularity of passenger car gasoline engine, based on large sample detected data of different type cars, parameter estimation and hypothesis test are carried on by statistical tools and neans, and the optimum distribution parameters of idle hydrocarbon emission of different type engines are also got. Then the optimum distribution models of these engines are established. The calculating result shows that the maximum error between model calculating and sample detecting certification rates is only 0.526 8%, and the established models have very high calculating precision and practical value. On the other hand, the research also shows that the inspect and maintenance program should be strengthen in order to control vehicle emission pollution effectively.

Very high resolution environmental predictors in species distribution models

2013 ◽  
Vol 38 (1) ◽  
pp. 79-96 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jean-Nicolas Pradervand ◽  
Anne Dubuis ◽  
Loïc Pellissier ◽  
Antoine Guisan ◽  
Christophe Randin
Keyword(s):  
High Resolution ◽  
Species Distribution ◽  
Species Distribution Models ◽  
Environmental Data ◽  
Swiss Alps ◽  
Fine Scale ◽  
Distribution Models ◽  
Model Quality ◽  
Vegetation Height ◽  
Very High

Recent advances in remote sensing technologies have facilitated the generation of very high resolution (VHR) environmental data. Exploratory studies suggested that, if used in species distribution models (SDMs), these data should enable modelling species’ micro-habitats and allow improving predictions for fine-scale biodiversity management. In the present study, we tested the influence, in SDMs, of predictors derived from a VHR digital elevation model (DEM) by comparing the predictive power of models for 239 plant species and their assemblages fitted at six different resolutions in the Swiss Alps. We also tested whether changes of the model quality for a species is related to its functional and ecological characteristics. Refining the resolution only contributed to slight improvement of the models for more than half of the examined species, with the best results obtained at 5 m, but no significant improvement was observed, on average, across all species. Contrary to our expectations, we could not consistently correlate the changes in model performance with species characteristics such as vegetation height. Temperature, the most important variable in the SDMs across the different resolutions, did not contribute any substantial improvement. Our results suggest that improving resolution of topographic data only is not sufficient to improve SDM predictions – and therefore local management – compared to previously used resolutions (here 25 and 100 m). More effort should be dedicated now to conduct finer-scale in-situ environmental measurements (e.g. for temperature, moisture, snow) to obtain improved environmental measurements for fine-scale species mapping and management.

Recent advancements in the monitoring of bridges using “smart” components

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark Treacy ◽  
Danilo Della Ca' ◽  
Niculin Meng
Keyword(s):  
Service Life ◽  
Transport Infrastructure ◽  
Added Value ◽  
Expansion Joints ◽  
Bridge Maintenance ◽  
Maintenance Program ◽  
Recent Developments ◽  
Overall Performance ◽  
Smart Technologies ◽  
Very High

<p>Making the transition to ultra-long bridge design life requires a paradigm shift in the way bridge maintenance is considered. In order to achieve a very long service life, the maintenance program must be carefully planned and strictly executed throughout the structure’s life. A bridge’s bearings and expansion joints experience the full effects of traffic and the environment throughout that service life, and can act as ideal “smart” components</p><p>– incorporating integrated sensors in order to continuously monitor the components’ own performance, and the structure’s overall performance, over time. Installation and testing of such sensors in factory conditions allows very high quality control, which cannot easily be matched on site. So-called “wear elements”, such as the sliding surface materials in bearings and expansion joints, will need to be replaced a number of times during a long service life, even when using the highest-quality materials available. Recognizing this fact, and incorporating monitoring systems that can track the deterioration of such elements and provide advance warnings for the owner, can result in efficient life-cycle planning of bridge maintenance, vital for major transport infrastructure. Recent developments and added value of such “smart” technologies are discussed.</p>

scholarly journals DEVELOPMENT OF A HAND-PUSH WEEDER FOR CUTTING WEEDS

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 162-172
Author(s):  
Olufemi Adeyemi Adetola
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Production Cost ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Gasoline Engine ◽  
Field Capacity ◽  
Soil Condition ◽  
Galvanized Steel ◽  
Optimum Speed ◽  
Peasant Farmers ◽  
Very High

An hand-push weeder was designed, fabricated and evaluated for household use and peasant farmers in order to mechanize cutting process and minimize the higher aggressive nature of weeds contrasted with harvests poising major danger to crop production, the invasion on soils is very high particularly during the raining seasons when soil moisture is high and plant development conditions are ideal. The major components of the weeder are the weeding drum and frame made of mild steel, adjustable handle made of galvanized steel, transmission system made up of belt and pulley mechanism, two wheels both at the front and rear. The highest weeding efficiency of 93.496% and field capacity of 0.055 ha/hr were obtained based on some parameters that influence mechanized weeding (soil condition, age of weed, number of weed, and optimum speed of the weeding machine been 1800rpm). The production cost of the weeder is $185 and it is powered by a 3 hp gasoline engine.

scholarly journals Tourist satisfaction: an analysis of tourists visiting historic centres in Portugal

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 6-25
Author(s):  
Ana Sofia Duque ◽  
Paulo Carvalho ◽  
Nuno Almeida
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Experience ◽  
Hypothesis Test ◽  
Tourist Satisfaction ◽  
Level Of Satisfaction ◽  
Antecedents And Consequences ◽  
Questionnaire Surveys ◽  
June July ◽  
Very High

Achieving tourist satisfaction is one of the main goals of destinations, companies and managers in the field of tourism. To better understand this key concept, we have studied other associated constructs that we call antecedents and consequences, such as tourist motivations, quality of experience and loyalty to the destination. It was decided to achieve the proposed goals by conducting questionnaire surveys with non-resident tourists in Portugal over the three high tourist season months, which are regarded as June, July and August. The sample was collected in five of Portugal’s main historical centres, namely, Porto, Coimbra, Lisbon, Évora and Faro. With this study it was possible to confirm that the level of satisfaction of tourists, who visit historic centers in Portugal, is very high. It was also possible to verify the existing connection between the various constructs developed in the research, through the hypothesis test. Keywords: Tourist satisfaction; Tourist motivations; Quality of the experience; Loyalty to the destination.

INTER-RELATED RESPONSIBILITIES FOR MILK PRODUCTION AND QUALITY CONTROL1

1969 ◽  
Vol 32 (9) ◽  
pp. 350-353
Author(s):  
Abraham E. Abrahamson
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Milk Production ◽  
Control Program ◽  
Regulatory Agencies ◽  
The Public ◽  
The Past ◽  
Maintenance Program ◽  
Regulatory Bodies ◽  
High Level ◽  
Very High

The capacity to work cooperatively, industry with the various agencies, concerned with milk production and quality control has been demonstrated. Cooperation among the agencies having responsibility in milk control, in a period of looming budget crisis, is more imperative than ever. While all the problem bearing on the public health aspects of milk control have not been solved, there do not appear to be any serious threats beyond the problem to provide maintenance efforts to assure continuance of the gains made. For the maintenance program it seems a very high level of cooperation among regulatory agencies is necessary and continued efforts of industry to work with regulatory bodies must be encouraged. Solving of new problems may have to be under-taken with out added resources, therefore making it necessary to develop better techniques to tackle new tasks without losing control in the older and more traditional areas. Inter-related efforts which were carefully developed in the past will be needed to supplement as well as complement to prevent deficits from affecting the whole coordinated milk control Program.

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