Preparation of Salt-Resistance Superabsobent Microspheres by Inverse Suspension Polymerization

2011 ◽  
Vol 415-417 ◽  
pp. 1273-1278 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ming Zhou ◽  
Jin Zhou Zhao ◽  
Yan Yang
Keyword(s):  
Calcium Ion ◽  
Suspension Polymerization ◽  
Crosslinking Agent ◽  
Ammonium Persulfate ◽  
Salt Resistance ◽  
Sulphonic Acid ◽  
Sodium Ion ◽  
Nacl Solution ◽  
Acid Copolymer ◽  
Inverse Suspension Polymerization

Novel salt-resistance superabsobent microspheres based on acrylamide (AM), 2-acrylamido-2-methylpropane sulphonic acid (AMPS) by inverse suspension copolymerization using ammonium persulfate (APS) as the initiator and N,N-methylene bisacrylamide (MBA) as the crosslinking agent and surfactant PVA as disperse agent are prepared. The experimental results of salt-resistance superabsobent microspheres show the salt absorbency decreased with the increase of salt concentration; The maximum salt absorbency is 132g/g within 75min in 0.9% NaCl solution and the effect of calcium ion on salt absorbency is much greater than that of sodium ion. FTIR indicates the structure of the acrylamide and 2-acrylamido-2- methylpropane sulphonic acid copolymer. SEM indicates that the number of the micropores largely decreased with the water/oil ratio increasing from 4% to 10%. Elemental analysis indicate that the measured values of carbon, sulfur, nitrogen, hydrogen four elements is very close to theoretical value.

Synthesis and characterization of salt resistance hydrogel microspheres by inverse suspension polymerization

e-Polymers ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ming Zhou ◽  
Jinzhou Zhao ◽  
Wanfen Pu ◽  
Xu Wang ◽  
Yan Yang
Keyword(s):  
Calcium Ion ◽  
Suspension Polymerization ◽  
Ammonium Persulfate ◽  
Salt Resistance ◽  
Sulphonic Acid ◽  
Sodium Ion ◽  
Inverse Suspension Polymerization ◽  
Crosslinker Content ◽  
Hydrogel Microspheres

AbstractA series of novel salt-resistance hydrogel microspheres P(AM-co-AMPS) are synthesized by inverse suspension copolymerization using ammonium persulfate (APS) as the initiator and N,N-methylene bisacrylamide (MBA) as the crosslinker and polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) as disperse agent. Optimization syntheses condition of hydrogel microspheres copolymer P(AM-co-AMPS) SAPs is crosslinker content 0.01%, ratio of water to oil 4%, ratio of monomer to surfactant 30%, ratio of acrylamide to 2-acrylamido-2-methylpropane sulphonic acid 80:20 and initiator APS content 1.0%. Their effects on the salt absorbency of the synthesized hydrogel microspheres are investigated. FTIR indicates the two monomeric units of the acrylamide and 2-acrylamido-2-methylpropane sulphonic acid exists in copolymer backbone. SEM indicates that the number of the micropores largely decrease with the water/oil ratio increasing from 4% to 10%. Elemental analysis indicate that the measured values of carbon, sulfur, nitrogen, hydrogen four elements is very close to theoretical value. The experimental results of salt-resistance hydrogel microspheres show the salt absorbency decrease with the increase of salt concentration. The maximum salt absorbency is 132g/g within 75min in 0.9% sodium chloride solution and the effect of calcium ion on salt absorbency is much greater than that of sodium ion.

Study on Synthesis and Property of Anti-Salt Super Absorbent Resin

2013 ◽  
Vol 873 ◽  
pp. 683-688 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shan Quan Jiang ◽  
Xiang Wei Sun ◽  
Zhao Xia Xie ◽  
Long Qin
Keyword(s):  
Crosslinking Agent ◽  
Ammonium Persulfate ◽  
Salt Resistance ◽  
Deionized Water ◽  
Solution Polymerization ◽  
Superabsorbent Polymer ◽  
Mass Ratio ◽  
Nacl Solution ◽  
Aqueous Solution Polymerization ◽  
Influence Of Ph

The maleic acid ( MA )2-acrylamido-2-methylpropanesulfonic acid (AMPS) and acrylamide (PAMPS/AM/MA) superabsorbent copolymer was synthesized by aqueous solution polymerization with ammonium persulfate as initiator,N,N-methylene-bisacrylamide ( NMBA) as crosslinking agent. The influence of pH,mass ratio of AMPS to acrylamide ( AM) ,the amount of crosslinking agent and initiator,and reaction temperature on the absorption capability of water and salt solution were investigated. The results show that the water absorbency of the superabsorbent polymer prepared at the optimum condition in deionized water and in 0.9% NaCl solution is about 235 and 132g/g,respectively,and under the same conditions,the sample has more excellent water absorption and salt-resistance.

Preparation and Properties of Anti-Salt Super Absorbent Resin

2013 ◽  
Vol 807-809 ◽  
pp. 2693-2698 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shan Quan Jiang ◽  
Xiang Wei Sun ◽  
Li Xin Ling ◽  
Jing Wang
Keyword(s):  
Crosslinking Agent ◽  
Ammonium Persulfate ◽  
Salt Resistance ◽  
Deionized Water ◽  
Water Absorbency ◽  
Solution Polymerization ◽  
Superabsorbent Polymer ◽  
Mass Ratio ◽  
Nacl Solution ◽  
Aqueous Solution Polymerization

The maleic acid ( MA ) 2-acrylamido-2-methylpropanesulfonic acid (AMPS) and acrylamide (PAMPS/AM/MA) superabsorbent copolymer was synthesized by aqueous solution polymerization with ammonium persulfate as initiator,N,N-methylene-bisacrylamide ( NMBA) as crosslinking agent. The influence of neutralization degree of MA,mass ratio of AMPS to acrylamide ( AM) ,the amount of crosslinking agent and initiator,and reaction temperature on the absorption capability of water and salt solution were investigated. The results show that the water absorbency of the superabsorbent polymer prepared at the optimum condition in deionized water and in 0.9% NaCl solution is about 235 and 132g/g,respectively,and under the same conditions,the sample has more excellent water absorption and salt-resistance.

Synthesis and Properties of Thermo- and pH-Sensitive Poly[(Sodium Humate)-(N-Isopropylacrylamide)-(Acrylic Acid)] Intelligent Hydrogel

2013 ◽  
Vol 781-784 ◽  
pp. 536-541
Author(s):  
Xiao Mi Zhou ◽  
Xiao Ran Sun ◽  
Guang Yue Li
Keyword(s):  
Acrylic Acid ◽  
Suspension Polymerization ◽  
Ammonium Persulfate ◽  
Continuous Phase ◽  
Ph Sensitive ◽  
Cross Linking ◽  
Swelling Ratio ◽  
Inverse Suspension Polymerization ◽  
Sensitive Characteristics ◽  
Intelligent Hydrogel

A novel intelligent hydrogel of poly(Humic acid - Nisopropylacrylamide - Acrylic acid) (P(NIPAAm-HA-AA)) was prepared at 70°C by inverse suspension polymerization. The reactions include uses N,N-methylene-bis-acrylamide (MBA) as a cross-linking agent, ammonium persulfate (KPS) as an initiator, cyclohexane as a continuous phase and span-65 as dispersant. The influence such as concentration of monomers and cross-linking agent, mole fraction of span-65 in mixed monomers, and temperature of polymerization on the property of resulting P(NIPAAm-HA-AA) hydrogels was investigated in detail. Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) demonstrated that NIPAAm, HA and AA was synthetized successfully. The results showed that the swelling ratio (SR) of modified hydrogel was improved significantly with the dosage of NIPAAm. It was also observed that the thermosensitive and pH sensitive characteristics was strongly affected by concentrations of NIPAAm. At last, we choose NIPAAm: HA=0.3.

The Flocculation between Partial Hydrolyzed Polyacrylamide and Cationic Microshperes

2013 ◽  
Vol 821-822 ◽  
pp. 994-998
Author(s):  
Guang Hui Li ◽  
Gui Cai Zhang ◽  
Jin Wei Shen
Keyword(s):  
Quantitative Method ◽  
Suspension Polymerization ◽  
Free Water ◽  
Shielding Effect ◽  
Desorption Rate ◽  
Nacl Solution ◽  
Bulk State ◽  
Inverse Suspension Polymerization ◽  
Critical Salt Concentration ◽  
Hydrolyzed Polyacrylamide

A serial of micro-scale cationic particles was synthesized by inverse suspension polymerization. These particles formed flocs with hydrolyzed polyacrylamide through electrostatic attraction. The structure of these flocs evolved from a bulk state to insulated microspheres at a critical salt concentration, which increased with increasingly cationic degree of particles, corresponding to the change of Zeta potential. Moreover, the adsorbance of HPAM on the cationic particles attained a maximum about 409 mg/g at 500mg/L HPAM in salt-free water and 237 mg/g at 800mg/L HPAM in 2wt% NaCl solution at 20°C according to a semi-quantitative method implemented by viscosity contrast experiment. This adsorbance difference accounts for that the electrostatic shielding effect of salt stimulates the desorption rate of HPAM.

scholarly journals Superabsorbent Polymer Based on Sodium Carboxymethyl Cellulose Grafted Polyacrylic Acid by Inverse Suspension Polymerization

2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pairote Klinpituksa ◽  
Patchareeya Kosaiyakanon
Keyword(s):  
Acrylic Acid ◽  
Carboxymethyl Cellulose ◽  
Graft Copolymerization ◽  
Suspension Polymerization ◽  
Potassium Persulfate ◽  
Sodium Carboxymethyl Cellulose ◽  
Superabsorbent Polymer ◽  
Nacl Solution ◽  
Inverse Suspension Polymerization ◽  
Swelling Capacity

A superabsorbent polymer (SAP) based on graft copolymerization of sodium carboxymethyl cellulose and acrylic acid was prepared by inverse suspension polymerization using potassium persulfate as an initiator and N,N′-methylenebisacrylamide as a cross-linker. Experiments were performed at 70°C for 90 min but varying the concentrations of sodium carboxymethyl cellulose (NaCMC), acrylic acid (AA), potassium persulfate (KPS), and N,N′-methylenebisacrylamide (MBA), and also varying % neutralization of AA. The maximum swelling capacity for SAP was 544.95 g/g in distilled water and 44.0 g/g in 0.9% w/v NaCl solution. This near optimal SAP was prepared using 2.0 g/100 mL NaCMC, 1.0 mol/L AA with 70% neutralization, 0.014 mol/L KPS, and 0.01 mol/L MBA.

Preparation and Characterization of Micron-Sized Elastic Microspheres as a Novel Profile Control and Flooding Agent

2014 ◽  
Vol 875-877 ◽  
pp. 257-261 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chuan Jin Yao ◽  
Guang Lun Lei
Keyword(s):  
Particle Size ◽  
Conversion Rate ◽  
Suspension Polymerization ◽  
Ammonium Persulfate ◽  
Mass Ratio ◽  
High Permeability ◽  
Inverse Suspension Polymerization ◽  
Profile Control

A series of micron-sized elastic microspheres were optimally prepared through inverse suspension polymerization of acrylamide (AM) and N, N’-methylene bisacrylamide (MBA) in oil phase when [Span80 & Tween80] and ammonium persulfate (APS) were used to be dispersion stabilizer and initiator, respectively. Their profile control and flooding performance in mid-high permeability sand pack models were characterized in laboratory. The results show that the conversion rate is high, and the coagulum is low when the mass ratio of Span80 to Tween80 is 3:1. The particle size of the elastic microspheres can be controlled by varying the amount of dispersion stabilizer. The micron-sized elastic microspheres can plug sand pack effectively and selectively. The ultimate plugging rate is more than 90% and the ability of profile improvement is up to 70%. The results indicate that the micron-sized elastic microspheres have better profile control and oil flooding performance in the heterogeneous mid-high permeability reservoirs.

scholarly journals Investigation on Synthesis of Hydrogel Starting from Vietnamese Pineapple Leaf Waste-Derived Carboxymethylcellulose

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-12
Author(s):  
Mai Thi Tuyet Phan ◽  
Lan Ngoc Pham ◽  
Linh Hai Nguyen ◽  
Linh Phuong To
Keyword(s):  
Water Retention ◽  
Graft Copolymerization ◽  
Crosslinking Agent ◽  
Chloroacetic Acid ◽  
Ammonium Persulfate ◽  
Distilled Water ◽  
Optimal Conditions ◽  
Nacl Solution ◽  
Leaf Powder ◽  
Water Swelling

Carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) is obtained from Vietnamese pineapple leaf waste through etherification. By treating pineapple leaf powder with a solution of NaOH then with HNO3 at 90°C for an appropriate time, cellulose can be efficiently extracted. To obtain CMC, carboxymethylation was performed by reaction of the pineapple cellulose with chloroacetic acid at 60°C for 1.5 h. The optimal conditions for this reaction were established. The resulting CMC had a degree of substitution (DS) of 0.91. The hydrogel was prepared by graft copolymerization of acrylic acid and acrylamide to the synthesized CMC. During that reaction, N,N′methylenebisacrylamide (MBA) served as the crosslinking agent and ammonium persulfate (APS) as the initiator. The maximum hydrogel absorbencies for distilled water and 0.9 wt.% NaCl solution were relatively high, namely, 588.2 g/g and 79.3 g/g, respectively. Additionally, the water swelling and water retention behaviors of the hydrogel in soil were also investigated. The results showed that this hydrogel can be employed as a suitable moisture-holding additive in soil for cultivation purposes.

scholarly journals Mechanism for Increase in Intracellular Concentration of Free Calcium in Fertilized Sea Urchin Egg

1974 ◽  
Vol 63 (3) ◽  
pp. 374-388 ◽  
Author(s):  
Masahisa Nakamura ◽  
Ikuo Yasumasu
Keyword(s):  
Dissociation Constant ◽  
Sea Urchin ◽  
Calcium Ion ◽  
Calcium Binding ◽  
Intracellular Concentration ◽  
Sodium Ion ◽  
Free Calcium ◽  
Binding Ability ◽  
Sea Urchin Egg ◽  
Fertilized Egg

Intracellular free calcium concentration in the sea urchin egg was calculated to increase from 0.1 mM in an unfertilized egg to 1 mM in a fertilized egg 10 min after fertilization, based on measurement of the dissociation constant between free calcium and sea urchin egg homogenate. The dissociation constant between free calcium (dialyzable calcium) and homogenate of sea urchin eggs was measured by means of dialysis equilibrium. The dissociation constant of the unfertilized egg was about 10–4 M and that of the fertilized egg was about 10–3 M in three species of sea urchin, Hemicentrotus pulcherrimus, Anthocidaris crassispina, and Pseudocentrotus depressus. An increase in the dissociation constant of the unfertilized egg homogenate was observed after the addition of calcium ion at a concentration above 0.3 mM, the dissociation constant becoming the same as that observed in the fertilized egg homogenate after the administration of CaCl2 at a concentration above 1 mM. Sodium ion also caused a decrease in the calcium-binding ability of the unfertilized egg homogenate. Therefore, penetration of calcium ion or sodium ion upon fertilization might induce an increase in the dissociation constant and then intracellular concentration of free calcium would increase at fertilization. Almost all calcium-binding ability of the egg homogenate was found in the microsomal fraction, and the substance which bound calcium was thought to be protein in nature, since trypsin could decrease the level of calcium-binding substance in the homogenate of the eggs.

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