China’s Energy and Technology Development to Support Global 2 Degree Target

2012 ◽  
Vol 524-527 ◽  
pp. 2496-2504
Author(s):  
Ke Jun Jiang ◽  
Xing Zhuang ◽  
Ren Miao ◽  
Song Li Zhu ◽  
Chen Min He
Keyword(s):  
Technology Development ◽  
Cost Benefit Analysis ◽  
System Development ◽  
Cost Benefit ◽  
Energy System ◽  
Negotiation Process ◽  
International Negotiation ◽  
Low Carbon ◽  
Ghg Mitigation ◽  
Global Emission

Globally 2 degree target by 2100 was confirmed in the international negotiation process in recent years. The remained question is whether this target is feasible or not by thinking slow progress in last decades even though Kyoto Protocol set up targets by 2010. The IPCC called research teams on modeling to analyze the possible pathway, policies options, and cost benefit analysis for GHG mitigation. China’s CO2emission from energy and cement process already accounts for nearly 24% of global emission, and the trend is expected to keep increasing. The role of China in the global GHG mitigation is crucial. This paper presents the scenario analysis for China’s Energy System in the background of global 2 degree target, and discussed the feasibility for the lower CO2emission scenario in China. The finding says it is possible for China to limit CO2emission, reach emission peak before 2025, which make the global 2 degree target feasible, in Which energy system development is a kry . And recent progress of key technologies, availability for further investment on low carbon, policy implementation make it much big possibility for China to go to low carbon emission development pathway.

A Lifecycle Cost-Benefit Analysis of Low-Carbon Powerhouses in Buildings in China

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rebecca J. Yang ◽  
Andrew Carre ◽  
Usha Iyer-Raniga ◽  
Patrick Zou ◽  
Ning Xu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cost Benefit Analysis ◽  
Cost Benefit ◽  
Low Carbon ◽  
Benefit Analysis

scholarly journals The costs and benefits of environmental sustainability

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul Ekins ◽  
Dimitri Zenghelis
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Sustainability ◽  
Cost Benefit Analysis ◽  
Cost Benefit ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Decision Makers ◽  
Low Carbon ◽  
Economic Implications ◽  
Current Trends ◽  
Path Dependent ◽  
Development Paths

AbstractThe natural science in GEO-6 makes clear that a range and variety of unwelcome outcomes for humanity, with potentially very significant impacts for human health, become increasingly likely if societies maintain their current development paths. This paper assesses what is known about the likely economic implications of either current trends or the transformation to a low-carbon and resource-efficient economy in the years to 2050 for which GEO-6 calls. A key conclusion is that no conventional cost–benefit analysis for either scenario is possible. This is because the final cost of meeting various decarbonisation and resource-management pathways depends on decisions made today in changing behaviour and generating innovation. The inadequacies of conventional modelling approaches generally lead to understating the risks from unmitigated climate change and overstating the costs of a low-carbon transition, by missing out the cumulative gains from path-dependent innovation. This leads to a flawed conclusion as to how to respond to the climate emergency, namely that significant reductions in emissions are prohibitively expensive and, therefore, to be avoided until new, cost-effective technologies are developed. We argue that this is inconsistent with the evidence and counterproductive in serving to delay decarbonisation efforts, thereby increasing its costs. Understanding the processes which drive innovation, change social norms and avoid locking in to carbon- and resource-intensive technologies, infrastructure and behaviours, will help decision makers as they ponder how to respond to the increasingly stark warnings of natural scientists about the deteriorating condition of the natural environment.

scholarly journals Usability Cost-Benefit Analysis for Information Technology Applications and Decision Making

2022 ◽  
pp. 970-986
Author(s):  
Mikko Rajanen
Keyword(s):  
Information Technology ◽  
Technology Development ◽  
Cost Benefit Analysis ◽  
Cost Benefit ◽  
Benefit Analysis ◽  
Development Organizations ◽  
Technology Applications ◽  
Development Processes ◽  
Information Technology Development ◽  
Analysis Models

Usability is an important quality attribute for information technology (IT) applications. However, integrating usability design and evaluation as an integral part of the development processes in information technology development organizations is still a challenge. This chapter gives an overview on the usability cost-benefit analysis models and provides some example cases of the importance of usability. These models and cases can be used by usability professionals to motivate the organizational management to provide resources for usability work and to integrate usability work as part of the development process. The target audience for this chapter are professionals and researchers working in the field of IT, managers in IT development organizations, as well as managers in organizations acquiring and using IT.

Evaluation and Policies of Information-Based Freeway Projects under Low-Carbon Economy

2013 ◽  
Vol 765-767 ◽  
pp. 3032-3035
Author(s):  
Hui Li ◽  
Ze Bin Huang ◽  
Jing Xiao Zhang ◽  
Jie Gao
Keyword(s):  
Economic Evaluation ◽  
Cost Benefit Analysis ◽  
Cost Benefit ◽  
Low Carbon ◽  
Benefit Analysis ◽  
Highway Traffic ◽  
Low Carbon Economy ◽  
Toll Collection ◽  
Selection Of ◽  
Carbon Economy

Based on the mechanism for ECER through Electronic Toll Collection (ETC) in information-based freeway project under low-carbon economy (IFP-LCE), and on the rule for selection of evaluation indices, an index system was built for the economic evaluation. Then cost benefit analysis was used to economically evaluate ECER in information-based highway traffic projects. Finally an ETC project in a toll-gate in Xi'an was investigated to validate the feasibility of the proposed evaluation indices and method.

scholarly journals Usability Cost-Benefit Analysis for Information Technology Applications and Decision Making

2020 ◽  
pp. 136-152
Author(s):  
Mikko Rajanen
Keyword(s):  
Information Technology ◽  
Technology Development ◽  
Cost Benefit Analysis ◽  
Cost Benefit ◽  
Benefit Analysis ◽  
Development Organizations ◽  
Technology Applications ◽  
Development Processes ◽  
Information Technology Development ◽  
Analysis Models

Usability is an important quality attribute for information technology (IT) applications. However, integrating usability design and evaluation as an integral part of the development processes in information technology development organizations is still a challenge. This chapter gives an overview on the usability cost-benefit analysis models and provides some example cases of the importance of usability. These models and cases can be used by usability professionals to motivate the organizational management to provide resources for usability work and to integrate usability work as part of the development process. The target audience for this chapter are professionals and researchers working in the field of IT, managers in IT development organizations, as well as managers in organizations acquiring and using IT.

scholarly journals Quantifying the Benefits from a Major Infrastructure Improvement: The Case of Thessaloniki Western Ring Road Upgrade to Eliminate at Grade Signalised Intersections

2014 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 23-34
Author(s):  
Marios D. Miltiadou ◽  
Efstathios Bouhouras
Keyword(s):  
Road Network ◽  
Cost Benefit Analysis ◽  
System Development ◽  
Cost Benefit ◽  
Road Transport ◽  
City Centre ◽  
Ring Road ◽  
The Road ◽  
Geographical Position ◽  
The City

Abstract Thessaloniki is the second largest city in Greece and its transportation system (development and operation) is hampered by the city’s geographical position and surrounding relief. Specifically, the city has been developed and expanded through the years along the coastline, the sea boundary on the southwest, and a second physical boundary, a forest, on the east side. The Thessaloniki Ring Road (divided in western and eastern part) was constructed in the early ‘90s, in order to relief the road network of the city centre from the transit traffic and confront the gradually increasing congestion. The absence of alternatives other than road transport and the increase of car ownership over the years led to an increase of motorized traffic. So even that this Ring Road had been designed to serve 30,000 vehicles daily it became to serve more than triple traffic just before the impacts of the economic crisis on transport and mobility have been made visible. The Western Internal Ring Road of Thessaloniki (WIRRT) has length of 8.4km. It has three lanes per direction separated by a median and no emergency lanes. The traffic increase and moreover the existence of eight at grade intersections along the WIRRT degrade the provided level of service. For the elimination of these intersections an upgrade project is underway for implementation that includes the construction of five grade separated intersections and several interventions on the adjacent road network. This paper presents in brief the methodology and the results of the project’s Cost-Benefit Analysis, which assessed the expected socioeconomic benefits, emerging mainly from minimising the delays for users due to the elimination of the at grade signalised intersections.

scholarly journals A novel and effective technology for mitigating nitrous oxide emissions from land-applied manures

2016 ◽  
Vol 56 (3) ◽  
pp. 362 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jaye Hill ◽  
Matthew Redding ◽  
Chris Pratt
Keyword(s):  
Nitrous Oxide ◽  
Cost Benefit Analysis ◽  
Cost Benefit ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
N2o Emission ◽  
Land Application ◽  
Nitrous Oxide Emissions ◽  
N2o Emissions ◽  
Ghg Mitigation ◽  
N Sources

Land-applied manures produce nitrous oxide (N2O), a greenhouse gas (GHG). Land application can also result in ammonia (NH3) volatilisation, leading to indirect N2O emissions. Here, we summarise a glasshouse investigation into the potential for vermiculite, a clay with a high cation exchange capacity, to decrease N2O emissions from livestock manures (beef, pig, broiler, layer), as well as urea, applied to soils. Our hypothesis is that clays adsorb ammonium, thereby suppressing NH3 volatilisation and slowing N2O emission processes. We previously demonstrated the ability of clays to decrease emissions at the laboratory scale. In this glasshouse work, manure and urea application rates varied between 50 and 150 kg nitrogen (N)/ha. Clay : manure ratios ranged from 1 : 10 to 1 : 1 (dry weight basis). In the 1-year trial, the above-mentioned N sources were incorporated with vermiculite in 1 L pots containing Sodosol and Ferrosol growing a model pasture (Pennisetum clandestinum or kikuyu grass). Gas emissions were measured periodically by placing the pots in gas-tight bags connected to real-time continuous gas analysers. The vermiculite achieved significant (P ≤ 0.05) and substantial decreases in N2O emissions across all N sources (70% on average). We are currently testing the technology at the field scale; which is showing promising emission decreases (~50%) as well as increases (~20%) in dry matter yields. This technology clearly has merit as an effective GHG mitigation strategy, with potential associated agronomic benefits, although it needs to be verified by a cost–benefit analysis.

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