Power Implications Within Competitive Organizations

The power of a competitive organization is often very clear: one organization is able to impose its will upon another, dominate a competitive arena, or otherwise succeed in a contested environment. However, the implications of power within such competitive organization are tenuous: the concept organization power remains ambiguous, resists quantification, and continues a longstanding lack of research attention, particularly in a dynamic context. Building upon recent work to develop a system for visualizing and measuring dynamic knowledge in the organization, the research described in this chapter addresses the power within organizations. It also identifies important linkages between organization knowledge and power, providing a novel focus on how power is wielded and perceived in the competitive organization. This elucidates how the effects of organization power on knowledge, action and performance can be measured empirically. The use and utility of this approach are illustrated through two measurement examples, both in overtly competitive contexts. The research makes a theoretic contribution by advancing a coherent approach to dynamic knowledge measurement and by extending the understanding of organization power. It makes a practical contribution also through the organization illustrations. As such, it is likely to stimulate considerable thinking, discussion, debate, and continued research.

Fortification of Policing in Nigeria Using ICT Backbone for Strategic Competitive Advantage

This chapter discusses fortification of policing in Nigeria leveraging information communication and technology (ICT) backbone for strategic competitive advantage. The need to embrace ICT-enhanced policing in Nigeria becomes imperative because insecurity, robbery, kidnapping, terrorism, and insurgency have taken a new dimension and have gone sophisticated as criminal elements have deployed high-tech approach such as mobile technology and internet technology for exploiting and unleashing criminal activities on the society. To reduce incessant and unpleasant proliferation of modern crime, the situation calls for the fortification of existing policing approach in Nigeria using information communication technologies. This exploratory study is an attempt at strengthening the traditional policing approach to be able to meet the insecurity challenges currently being faced and facing the society. The implication of the study is that the incidences of insecurity, terrorism, and insurgency can effectively be rendered prostrate and managed in effectively through the use and application of ICT. Notably among the proposal for an ICT-enhanced policing is the concept of virtual community policing that explores the availability of mobile devices for easy and effective crime reporting and crime control in Nigeria.

Decision Making and Behavior

The chapter explores the utility of neuroeconomics in decision making and behavior. Scientific knowledge will be advanced in the need for the application of neuroeconomics focused on one of the services of the information and communication technologies (ICT) of companies, that is, e-commerce of exponential artisanal SMEs of women entrepreneurs, by developing a proposal for a business model to increase the possibility of growth of their companies at the level national and international level. The methodology used was deductive, exploratory, descriptive, correlational, and documentary. Neuroeconomics have the potential to explain the phenomena that are considered as a deviation from the prediction or behavioral bias of decision-making models in economic theory. The study up to this point is quantitative using primary and secondary sources for research.

ICT Adoption Cordons in SMEs for Competitive Advantage

Every SME needs to use ICT artifacts to cope with business development. The adoption and use of ICT involve different actors who make sense of ICT in relation to their work environment. This chapter focuses on the cordons or barriers in ICT adoption that deter them from having a competitive advantage. The purpose of this chapter is to explore the interactions between different actors in the SME network and analyze how they influence the SME ICT adoption process. The study contributes to the body of knowledge through a new construct that enriches the conceptual framework with the findings of the research.

The Business Transformation Enterprise Architecture Framework

This chapter's author based his years long cross-functional research on an authentic and proprietary mixed research method that is supported by his own version of an intelligent neural networks, which is combined with an internal heuristics motor; altogether named the applied holistic mathematical model (AHMM), which is applied to requirements engineering strategy. The proposed AHMM fundamentally functions like the human empiric decision-making process that can be compared to the behaviour-driven development methods, which are optimal for requirements engineering. In this chapter, the AHMM is supported by many real-life cases of business and architecture transformation projects requirements' management, abstracted by the intelligent strategic requirements development (iSRDev) concept that is supported by the alignment of various existing standards and development strategies, like the development and operations (DevOps) procedures to map to the project's requirements.

Big Data Application in Entrepreneurship

Modern society generates about 7 Zetabytes each year, of which 75% comes from the connectivity of individuals to social networks. In this regard, the chapter presents a case study of the application of big data technologies for entrepreneurial analysis using global entrepreneurship monitor (GEM) data as a new tool of analysis. Therefore, the core of this chapter is to present the methodology that was used to develop and implement the big data app of GEM as well as the main results of project. On the other hand, the chapter remarks the advantages and disadvantages of this kind of technology for the case of GEM data. Finally, it presents the respective dashboards that interrelate the gem data with Word Bank indicators as a case study of the application of big data for entrepreneurship research.

Smart Cognitive Computing Empowered Business Intelligence

The digital computing practices amplify knowledge contained in the transactions, as a result in the voluminous data (structured and unstructured). The spotlight is to observe and analyze the role of the cognitive computing in the business intelligence to deploy the decisions making and action taking in shaping the cognitive enterprise. The in-depth knowledge analysis is mandatory to formulate new analytical methods which reduce complexity, uncertainty, or ambiguity. The chapter will provide a way to investigate and deploy the theories/techniques of cognitive computing and business intelligence in smart devices. The progression will term as smart cognitive computing that will help in design of framework, which is articulated by experience, behaviour, relationships, technology, skills, data, and context. It can access human mind albeit indirectly, learn/teach new skills, and improve from its own mistakes by means of logic-based and highly structured approaches. The resultant is in design of decision system that is more informative, smart, and helpful to the enterprise as well as society under one roof of exponential technologies.

Comparative Study of Artificial Intelligence-Based Teaching With Human Interactive Teaching

Artificial intelligence applications in higher education have become popular, which promotes various learning programs with skill-based curriculum. These artificial intelligence-enabled systems bring a perspective of global classroom. The fundamental system of training helps the students to associate self-learning habit where they can have selection of activities, which can be utilized for different other courses. The human interactive learning prepares the course material, design curriculum, opportunity of articulation, and contribute to the mind-boggling capabilities of the future. The chapter shall study the impact of artificial intelligence learning and human interactive teaching on the students of a university and analyse the results. The chapter focuses to analyse features of traditional system of learning, and artificial intelligence-based robotic learning associates are winding up increasingly accessible are explored in depth using illustrations and case studies. The chapter portrays the effect of artificial intelligence on the education, which can help the student to overcome troubles and see how to push them, to improve the creative mind of a collectivity, and to structure another educational experience. The chapter also discusses the features of human interactive learning method, which is incorporated in artificial intelligence educational systems but can considered for research in future.

Intelligent Recommender Systems in E-Commerce

Among thousands of alternatives, most of the time online customers cannot easily decide on which product to purchase or service to utilize. In order to assist online customers in their decision-making process, business owners have started to make their online platforms more intelligent by enhancing their platforms with intelligent recommender systems. Recommender systems, also known as recommender agents or intelligent agents, are intelligent software that provide easily accessible, personalized, highly relevant, and high-quality recommendations to customers in various online platforms. This chapter discusses different types of recommender systems and provides use case examples of recommender systems in various e-commerce platforms. This chapter shows how recommender systems make life easier for online customers in the constantly developing and growing internet environment. This chapter also discusses the challenges posed by recommender systems to online customers.

Usability Cost-Benefit Analysis for Information Technology Applications and Decision Making

Usability is an important quality attribute for information technology (IT) applications. However, integrating usability design and evaluation as an integral part of the development processes in information technology development organizations is still a challenge. This chapter gives an overview on the usability cost-benefit analysis models and provides some example cases of the importance of usability. These models and cases can be used by usability professionals to motivate the organizational management to provide resources for usability work and to integrate usability work as part of the development process. The target audience for this chapter are professionals and researchers working in the field of IT, managers in IT development organizations, as well as managers in organizations acquiring and using IT.