Model Development and Robust Optimal Design of Occupant Restraint System

2012 ◽  
Vol 538-541 ◽  
pp. 2794-2797
Author(s):  
Jun Wu ◽  
Li Bo Cao ◽  
Rui Feng Zhang ◽  
Jing Wen Hu
Keyword(s):  
Design Method ◽  
Model Development ◽  
System Optimization ◽  
System Model ◽  
Restraint System ◽  
Occupant Restraint System ◽  
Drop Tests ◽  
Two Parameters ◽  
Robust Design Method ◽  
Crash Tests

In this study, an occupant restraint system model of a production SUV developed in MADYMO software was used for crash simulations. Component tests were conducted to obtain the parameters of seatbelt and seat. Parameters of airbag were obtained by tank tests and the airbag model was validated by headform drop tests. The occupant restraint system model was validated against results from real vehicle crash tests. Robust design method was adopted for sensitivity analysis and system optimization. Two parameters, spool effect of the seatbelt and mass flow of the airbag, were studied to improve the occupant protection. Better protection performance has been obtained using optimized parameters, and the robustness of the optimized result was proved by robustness assessment.

A nonlinear occupant-restraint system model for predicting human injuries caused by vertical impact

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Di Zhou ◽  
Xianhui Wang ◽  
Qichen Zheng ◽  
Tiaoqi Fu ◽  
Mengyang Wu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
System Model ◽  
Restraint System ◽  
Occupant Restraint System ◽  
Vertical Impact

An Integrated Robust Design Method for Occupant Restraint System

2004 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yan Fu
Keyword(s):  
Robust Design ◽  
Design Method ◽  
Optimization Methods ◽  
Optimization Under Uncertainty ◽  
Restraint System ◽  
Vehicle Interior ◽  
Variable Screening ◽  
Occupant Restraint System ◽  
Highly Nonlinear ◽  
Head Injury Criteria

Computational analysis of occupant safety has become an efficient tool to reduce the development time for a new product. Multi-body computer models (e.g. Madymo models) that simulate vehicle interior, restraint system and occupants in various crash modes have been widely used. To ensure public safety, many important injury numbers, such as head injury criteria, chest G, chest deflection, femur loads, neck load, and neck moment, are monitored. In the past, deterministic optimization methods have been employed to meet various safety regulations. Further emphasis on product quality and the consistency of product performance, uncertainties in modeling, simulation, and manufacturing, need to be considered. There are many difficulties involved in the optimization under uncertainty for occupant restraint systems, such as (1) highly nonlinear and noisy nature of occupant injury numbers; (2) large number of constraints; and (3) computational intensity to obtain the statistic information of injury numbers by the traditional Monte Carlo method. This paper investigates an integrated robust design approach for occupant restraint system by taking advantages of design of experiments, variable screening, stochastic meta-modeling, and genetic algorithm. An occupant restraint system is used as an example to demonstrate the methodology, however, the proposed method is applicable for all occupant restraint system design problems.

Seat/Head Restraint System Robust Design for IIHS Rear Impact

2007 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yan Fu ◽  
T. C. Weng
Keyword(s):  
Robust Design ◽  
Design Method ◽  
Stability Control ◽  
Restraint System ◽  
Variable Screening ◽  
Head Restraint ◽  
Rear Impact ◽  
Robust Design Method ◽  
Noise Factors ◽  
Good Rating

The Insurance Institute for Highway Safety (IIHS) announced the procedures to evaluate and rate rear crash protection system, which focus on how well seat/head restraint system protects against soft tissue neck (“whiplash”) injury. The “Good” rating for IIHS rear impact combining with the “Good” ratings of both frontal offset and side impacts, plus offering electronic stability control will earn the Institute’s “Top Safety Pick” award. The goal of this work is to develop an analytical and efficient way to assist engineers in analyzing the design variables of the seat/head restraint system to improve the IIHS rear impact rating. An integrated robust design method for IIHS rear impact is developed using design of experiments, variable screening, response surface method, and genetic algorithm. A CAE simulation model with Bio-RID dummy is built to correlate to rear impact sled tests. The correlated model is then used in the robust design study to identify design strategy and obtain robust design to maximize the chance of achieving IIHS rear impact “Good” rating. The proposed robust design method is applied to a manual seat/head restraint system to achieve robust design under various noise factors. The results demonstrate that the integrated robust design method is a useful tool to improve the seat and head restraint system design to improve IIHS rear impact rating.

scholarly journals Viscosity Model for Nanoparticulate Suspensions Based on Surface Interactions

Materials ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (11) ◽  
pp. 2752
Author(s):  
Benedikt Finke ◽  
Clara Sangrós Sangrós Giménez ◽  
Arno Kwade ◽  
Carsten Schilde
Keyword(s):  
Mechanistic Model ◽  
Model Development ◽  
Rheological Behaviour ◽  
Hybrid Modelling ◽  
Shear Rates ◽  
Drag Forces ◽  
Boehmite Nanoparticles ◽  
Data Points ◽  
Two Parameters ◽  
Physical Phenomena

In this paper, a widely mechanistic model was developed to depict the rheological behaviour of nanoparticulate suspensions with solids contents up to 20 wt.%, based on the increase in shear stress caused by surface interaction forces among particles. The rheological behaviour is connected to drag forces arising from an altered particle movement with respect to the surrounding fluid. In order to represent this relationship and to model the viscosity, a hybrid modelling approach was followed, in which mechanistic relationships were paired with heuristic expressions. A genetic algorithm was utilized during model development, by enabling the algorithm to choose among several hard-to-assess model options. By the combination of the newly developed model with existing models for the various physical phenomena affecting viscosity, it can be applied to model the viscosity over a broad range of solids contents, shear rates, temperatures and particle sizes. Due to its mechanistic nature, the model even allows an extrapolation beyond the limits of the data points used for calibration, allowing a prediction of the viscosity in this area. Only two parameters are required for this purpose. Experimental data of an epoxy resin filled with boehmite nanoparticles were used for calibration and comparison with modelled values.

scholarly journals Novel Robust Design Method of Multilayer Optical Coatings

ISRN Optics ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Suyong Wu ◽  
Xingwu Long ◽  
Kaiyong Yang
Keyword(s):  
Robust Design ◽  
Optimization Design ◽  
Design Method ◽  
Analytical Calculation ◽  
Design Procedure ◽  
Deposition Process ◽  
Practical Significance ◽  
Optical Coatings ◽  
Optical Films ◽  
Robust Design Method

We present a novel fast robust design method of multilayer optical coatings. The sensitivity of optical films to production errors is controlled in the whole optimization design procedure. We derive an analytical calculation model for fast robust design of multilayer optical coatings. We demonstrate its effectiveness by successful application of the robust design method to a neutral beam splitter. It is showed that the novel robust design method owns an inherent fast computation characteristic and the designed film is insensitive to the monitoring thickness errors in deposition process. This method is especially of practical significance to improve the mass production yields and repetitive production of high-quality optical coatings.

Selected ‘Starter Kit’ energy system modelling data for Paraguay (#CCG)

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carla Cannone ◽  
Lucy Allington ◽  
Ioannis Pappis ◽  
Karla Cervantes Barron ◽  
Will Usher ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Model Development ◽  
Energy System ◽  
Simple Zero ◽  
System Model ◽  
System Modelling ◽  
Local Data ◽  
Energy System Model ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
Modelling Studies ◽  
Access To Data

Abstract Energy system modelling can be used to assess the implications of different scenarios and support improved policymaking. However, access to data is often a barrier to energy system modelling, causing delays. Therefore, this article provides data that can be used to create a simple zero order energy system model for Paraguay, which can act as a starting point for further model development and scenario analysis. The data are collected entirely from publicly available and accessible sources, including the websites and databases of international organizations, journal articles, and existing modelling studies. This means that the dataset can be easily updated based on the latest available information or more detailed and accurate local data. These data were also used to calibrate a simple energy system model using the Open Source Energy Modelling System (OSeMOSYS) and three stylized scenarios (Fossil Future, Least Cost and Net Zero by 2050) for 2020–2050. The assumptions used and results of these scenarios are presented in the appendix as an illustrative example of what can be done with these data. This simple model can be adapted and further developed by in-country analysts and academics, providing a platform for future work.

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