The Biochemical Mechanisms of Taurine in Anti Sports Fatigue

Taurine (Tau) was widely used in adjusting body normal physiological function and enhancing the ability of resisting all kinds of stress in clinical medicine and sports nutrition. This article collected the literatures of recent 20 years about the application of taurine in animal and human being. According to the chemical structure, amino acids in taurine’s molecular structure played a main role in regulating physiological function. Amino was the key and even the only functional group in biochemical reaction. Schiff’s Reaction between amino and carbonyl in reactive carbonyl compounds was that taurine played a variety biological function of molecular basis in cells.

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Oxidative Crosslinking of Peptides and Proteins: Mechanisms of Formation, Detection, Characterization and Quantification

Molecules ◽

10.3390/molecules27010015 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 27 (1) ◽

pp. 15

Author(s):

Eduardo Fuentes-Lemus ◽

Per Hägglund ◽

Camilo López-Alarcón ◽

Michael J. Davies

Keyword(s):

Excited States ◽

Biological Function ◽

Physiological Function ◽

Mechanisms Of Formation ◽

Experimental Approaches ◽

And Function ◽

External Stimuli ◽

Identification And Characterization ◽

Normal Physiological Function

Covalent crosslinks within or between proteins play a key role in determining the structure and function of proteins. Some of these are formed intentionally by either enzymatic or molecular reactions and are critical to normal physiological function. Others are generated as a consequence of exposure to oxidants (radicals, excited states or two-electron species) and other endogenous or external stimuli, or as a result of the actions of a number of enzymes (e.g., oxidases and peroxidases). Increasing evidence indicates that the accumulation of unwanted crosslinks, as is seen in ageing and multiple pathologies, has adverse effects on biological function. In this article, we review the spectrum of crosslinks, both reducible and non-reducible, currently known to be formed on proteins; the mechanisms of their formation; and experimental approaches to the detection, identification and characterization of these species.

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Vitamin D, Essential Minerals, and Toxic Elements: Exploring Interactions between Nutrients and Toxicants in Clinical Medicine

The Scientific World JOURNAL ◽

10.1155/2015/318595 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 2015 ◽

pp. 1-8 ◽

Cited By ~ 33

Author(s):

Gerry K. Schwalfenberg ◽

Stephen J. Genuis

Keyword(s):

Vitamin D ◽

Toxic Elements ◽

Biological Function ◽

Clinical Medicine ◽

Physiological Function ◽

Clinical Approach ◽

Inorganic Elements ◽

Essential Minerals ◽

Calcium Magnesium ◽

Copper Zinc

In clinical medicine, increasing attention is being directed towards the important areas of nutritional biochemistry and toxicant bioaccumulation as they relate to human health and chronic disease. Optimal nutritional status, including healthy levels of vitamin D and essential minerals, is requisite for proper physiological function; conversely, accrual of toxic elements has the potential to impair normal physiology. It is evident that vitamin D intake can facilitate the absorption and assimilation of essential inorganic elements (such as calcium, magnesium, copper, zinc, iron, and selenium) but also the uptake of toxic elements (such as lead, arsenic, aluminum, cobalt, and strontium). Furthermore, sufficiency of essential minerals appears to resist the uptake of toxic metals. This paper explores the literature to determine a suitable clinical approach with regard to vitamin D and essential mineral intake to achieve optimal biological function and to avoid harm in order to prevent and overcome illness. It appears preferable to secure essential mineral status in conjunction with adequate vitamin D, as intake of vitamin D in the absence of mineral sufficiency may result in facilitation of toxic element absorption with potential adverse clinical outcomes.

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Iron-catalyzed direct α-arylation of α-amino carbonyl compounds with indoles

Organic & Biomolecular Chemistry ◽

10.1039/c5ob02325d ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 14 (5) ◽

pp. 1550-1554 ◽

Cited By ~ 12

Author(s):

Yan Zhang ◽

Minjie Ni ◽

Bainian Feng

Keyword(s):

Carbonyl Compounds ◽

Functional Group

Fe(ClO4)3 catalyzed α-arylations of α-amino carbonyls with indoles are described with high functional group tolerance and broad substrate scope.

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5-((8-Hydroxyquinolin-5-yl)diazenyl)-3-methyl-1H-pyrazole-4-carboxylic Acid

Molbank ◽

10.3390/m1238 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 2021 (2) ◽

pp. M1238

Author(s):

Ion Burcă ◽

Valentin Badea ◽

Calin Deleanu ◽

Vasile-Nicolae Bercean

Keyword(s):

Chemical Structure ◽

Functional Group ◽

Coupling Reaction ◽

2D Nmr ◽

Azo Coupling ◽

2D Nmr Spectroscopy ◽

Azo Compound ◽

Ft Ir ◽

New Compounds ◽

Carboxylic Functional Group

A new azo compound was prepared via the azo coupling reaction between 4-(ethoxycarbonyl)-3-methyl-1H-pyrazole-5-diazonium chloride and 8-hydroxyquinoline (oxine). The ester functional group of the obtained compound was hydrolyzed and thus a new chemical structure with a carboxylic functional group resulted. The structures of the new compounds were fully characterized by: UV–Vis, FT-IR, 1D and 2D NMR spectroscopy, and HRMS spectrometry.

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