scholarly journals Oxidative Crosslinking of Peptides and Proteins: Mechanisms of Formation, Detection, Characterization and Quantification

Molecules ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
pp. 15
Author(s):  
Eduardo Fuentes-Lemus ◽  
Per Hägglund ◽  
Camilo López-Alarcón ◽  
Michael J. Davies
Keyword(s):  
Excited States ◽  
Biological Function ◽  
Physiological Function ◽  
Mechanisms Of Formation ◽  
Experimental Approaches ◽  
And Function ◽  
External Stimuli ◽  
Identification And Characterization ◽  
Normal Physiological Function

Covalent crosslinks within or between proteins play a key role in determining the structure and function of proteins. Some of these are formed intentionally by either enzymatic or molecular reactions and are critical to normal physiological function. Others are generated as a consequence of exposure to oxidants (radicals, excited states or two-electron species) and other endogenous or external stimuli, or as a result of the actions of a number of enzymes (e.g., oxidases and peroxidases). Increasing evidence indicates that the accumulation of unwanted crosslinks, as is seen in ageing and multiple pathologies, has adverse effects on biological function. In this article, we review the spectrum of crosslinks, both reducible and non-reducible, currently known to be formed on proteins; the mechanisms of their formation; and experimental approaches to the detection, identification and characterization of these species.

scholarly journals Postgenomic Scan of Metallo-β-Lactamase Homologues in Rhizobacteria: Identification and Characterization of BJP-1, a Subclass B3 Ortholog from Bradyrhizobium japonicum

2006 ◽  
Vol 50 (6) ◽  
pp. 1973-1981 ◽  
Author(s):  
Magdalena Stoczko ◽  
Jean-Marie Frère ◽  
Gian Maria Rossolini ◽  
Jean-Denis Docquier
Keyword(s):  
Bradyrhizobium Japonicum ◽  
Catalytic Efficiency ◽  
Open Reading Frames ◽  
Human Pathogens ◽  
Microbial Genomes ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Genes Encoding ◽  
And Function ◽  
Identification And Characterization

ABSTRACT The diffusion of metallo-β-lactamases (MBLs) among clinically important human pathogens represents a therapeutic issue of increasing importance. However, the origin of these resistance determinants is largely unknown, although an important number of proteins belonging to the MBL superfamily have been identified in microbial genomes. In this work, we analyzed the distribution and function of genes encoding MBL-like proteins in the class Rhizobiales. Among 12 released complete genomes of members of the class Rhizobiales, a total of 57 open reading frames (ORFs) were found to have the MBL conserved motif and identity scores with MBLs ranging from 8 to 40%. On the basis of the best identity scores with known MBLs, four ORFs were cloned into Escherichia coli for heterologous expression. Among their products, one (blr6230) encoded by the Bradyrhizobium japonicum USDA110 genome, named BJP-1, hydrolyzed β-lactams when expressed in E. coli. BJP-1 enzyme is most closely related to the CAU-1 enzyme from Caulobacter vibrioides (40% amino acid sequence identity), a member of subclass B3 MBLs. A kinetic analysis revealed that BJP-1 efficiently hydrolyzed most β-lactam substrates, except aztreonam, ticarcillin, and temocillin, with the highest catalytic efficiency measured with meropenem. Compared to other MBLs, BJP-1 was less sensitive to inactivation by chelating agents.

SCO-ping Out the Mechanisms Underlying the Etiology of Hydrocephalus

Physiology ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 24 (2) ◽  
pp. 117-126 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael S. Huh ◽  
Matthew A. M. Todd ◽  
David J. Picketts
Keyword(s):  
Disease Gene ◽  
Subcommissural Organ ◽  
Clinical Problem ◽  
Gene Identification ◽  
Transgenic Mouse Models ◽  
Heterogeneous Nature ◽  
And Function ◽  
Identification And Characterization ◽  
Common Clinical Problem

The heterogeneous nature of congenital hydrocephalus has hampered our understanding of the molecular basis of this common clinical problem. However, disease gene identification and characterization of multiple transgenic mouse models has highlighted the importance of the subcommissural organ (SCO) and the ventricular ependymal (vel) cells. Here, we review how altered development and function of the SCO and vel cells contributes to hydrocephalus.

The Biochemical Mechanisms of Taurine in Anti Sports Fatigue

2012 ◽  
Vol 550-553 ◽  
pp. 1043-1047
Author(s):  
Jian Guang Cai ◽  
Da Zhong Yin ◽  
Hui Tang
Keyword(s):  
Carbonyl Compounds ◽  
Chemical Structure ◽  
Functional Group ◽  
Biological Function ◽  
Clinical Medicine ◽  
Physiological Function ◽  
Main Role ◽  
Biochemical Mechanisms ◽  
Reactive Carbonyl Compounds ◽  
Normal Physiological Function

Taurine (Tau) was widely used in adjusting body normal physiological function and enhancing the ability of resisting all kinds of stress in clinical medicine and sports nutrition. This article collected the literatures of recent 20 years about the application of taurine in animal and human being. According to the chemical structure, amino acids in taurine’s molecular structure played a main role in regulating physiological function. Amino was the key and even the only functional group in biochemical reaction. Schiff’s Reaction between amino and carbonyl in reactive carbonyl compounds was that taurine played a variety biological function of molecular basis in cells.

scholarly journals Recent Advances in the Discovery and Function of Antimicrobial Molecules in Platelets

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (19) ◽  
pp. 10230
Author(s):  
Alba S. Aquino-Domínguez ◽  
María de los A. Romero-Tlalolini ◽  
Honorio Torres-Aguilar ◽  
Sergio R. Aguilar-Ruiz
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Properties ◽  
Human Platelets ◽  
Rabbit Serum ◽  
Functional Evaluation ◽  
Host Defense Peptides ◽  
Vascular Integrity ◽  
Activated Platelets ◽  
And Function ◽  
Identification And Characterization

The conventional function described for platelets is maintaining vascular integrity. Nevertheless, increasing evidence reveals that platelets can additionally play a crucial role in responding against microorganisms. Activated platelets release molecules with antimicrobial activity. This ability was first demonstrated in rabbit serum after coagulation and later in rabbit platelets stimulated with thrombin. Currently, multiple discoveries have allowed the identification and characterization of PMPs (platelet microbicidal proteins) and opened the way to identify kinocidins and CHDPs (cationic host defense peptides) in human platelets. These molecules are endowed with microbicidal activity through different mechanisms that broaden the platelet participation in normal and pathologic conditions. Therefore, this review aims to integrate the currently described platelet molecules with antimicrobial properties by summarizing the pathways towards their identification, characterization, and functional evaluation that have promoted new avenues for studying platelets based on kinocidins and CHDPs secretion.

scholarly journals Identification and characterization of Dlc1 isoforms in the mouse and study of the biological function of a single gene trapped isoform

BMC Biology ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 17 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammad G Sabbir ◽  
Nichola Wigle ◽  
Shauna Loewen ◽  
Yuan Gu ◽  
Cordula Buse ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Biological Function ◽  
Single Gene ◽  
Identification And Characterization

scholarly journals Identification and characterization of a family of toxin–antitoxin systems related to the Enterococcus faecalis plasmid pAD1 par addiction module

Microbiology ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 155 (9) ◽  
pp. 2930-2940 ◽  
Author(s):  
Keith E. Weaver ◽  
Shirisha G. Reddy ◽  
Cassandra L. Brinkman ◽  
Smita Patel ◽  
Kenneth W. Bayles ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Enterococcus Faecalis ◽  
Biological Function ◽  
Bacterial Species ◽  
Saturation Mutagenesis ◽  
Regulatory Rna ◽  
Gram Positive ◽  
Peptide Toxin ◽  
Identification And Characterization ◽  
Genetic Context

The par locus of the Enterococcus faecalis plasmid pAD1 is an RNA-regulated addiction module encoding the peptide toxin Fst. Homology searches revealed that Fst belongs to a family of at least nine related peptides encoded on the chromosomes and plasmids of six different Gram-positive bacterial species. Comparison of an alignment of these peptides with the results of a saturation mutagenesis analysis indicated regions of the peptides important for biological function. Examination of the genetic context of the fst genes revealed that all of these peptides are encoded within par-like loci with conserved features similar to pAD1 par. All four Ent. faecalis family members were demonstrated to produce the expected toxin-encoding and regulatory RNA products. The locus from the Ent. faecalis plasmid pAMS1 was demonstrated to function as an addiction module and Fst was shown to be toxic to Staphylococcus aureus, suggesting that a plasmid-encoded module in that species is performing the same function. Thus, the pAD1-encoded par locus appears to be the prototype of a family of related loci found in several Gram-positive species.

scholarly journals Excitation-contraction coupling and its relation to synaptic dysfunction in Drosophila

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kiel G. Ormerod ◽  
Anthony E. Scibelli ◽  
J. Troy Littleton
Keyword(s):  
Muscle Performance ◽  
Synaptic Dysfunction ◽  
Muscle Contractility ◽  
Detailed Characterization ◽  
Synaptic Development ◽  
Excitation Contraction Coupling ◽  
Contraction Coupling ◽  
And Function ◽  
Identification And Characterization

AbstractThe Drosophila neuromuscular system is widely used to characterize synaptic development and function. However, little is known about how specific synaptic deficits alter neuromuscular transduction and muscle contractility that ultimately dictate behavioural output. Here we develop a system for detailed characterization of excitation-contraction coupling at Drosophila larval NMJs and demonstrate how specific synaptic and neuronal manipulations disrupt muscle contractility. Muscle contraction force increases with motoneuron stimulation frequency and duration, showing considerable plasticity between 5-40 Hz, while saturating above 50 Hz. Temperature is negatively correlated with muscle performance and enhanced at lower temperatures. A screen for modulators of muscle contractility led to the identification and characterization of the molecular and cellular pathway by which a specific FMRFa peptide, TPAEDFMRFa, increases muscle performance. These findings indicate Drosophila NMJs provide a robust system to relate synaptic dysfunction to alterations in excitation-contraction coupling.

scholarly journals Identification and Characterization of TUBBY genes in developmental stages of Zea mays

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sendi Mejia ◽  
Suhani Shah ◽  
Yara Abdelsalam ◽  
Ali Nimra ◽  
Munzir Bhatt ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Zea Mays ◽  
Gene Family ◽  
Developmental Stages ◽  
Comparative Approach ◽  
Binding Motifs ◽  
And Function ◽  
Identification And Characterization ◽  
Transcription Factor Gene Family

Abstract In this paper, we studied the organization and function of TUBBY Transcription Factor gene family in maize. Initially, using comparative approach, we discovered the Arabidopsis thaliana orthologs in Zea mays. We found in total 13 genes, 12 of which are orthologs and a unique paralog that exhibits the highest activity in maize. We studied the role of TUBBY gene family across different developmental stages using existing expression data, and discovered the binding motifs present in the promoter region of the genes.

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