Synthesis of Epoxy Sulfonated Phenolic Resin and it's Effects on the Coal-Water Slurry

2012 ◽  
Vol 550-553 ◽  
pp. 2844-2847
Author(s):  
Guang Hua Zhang ◽  
Ting Shang ◽  
Long Liu
Keyword(s):  
Sulfuric Acid ◽  
Steric Hindrance ◽  
Sulfonic Acid ◽  
Phenolic Resin ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Water Slurry ◽  
Coal Particles ◽  
Coal Water Slurry ◽  
Mass Fractions ◽  
Sulfonic Acid Groups

As a kind of raw material, phenol was sulfonated by sulfuric acid, polymerized by fomaldehyde, and grafted by epoxy chloropropane to get the epichlorohydrin modified sulfonated phenolic resin dispersant, which is used in coal water slurry (CWS). Studies on rheological behaviours of CWS with different concentrations and syneresis rates during 72h storing were carried out to analyze the interaction between the dispersants and the surfaces of Shenhua coal of Shaanxi in China. The results show that the CWS had a syneresis rate of 5.9% and an apparent viscosity of 725mPa.S at a shearing rate of 100S-1 when the mass fractions of coals and dispersants are 64% and 0.5% respectively. Epoxy chains of the dispersant combine with the hydrophobic groups on coal surfaces and sulfonic acid groups of the dispersant are hydrophilic. This dispersant increases the stabilities of CWS effectively through steric hindrance effect to keep the coal particles from gathering.

Combustion of Coal-Water Slurry in a Two-Cycle Diesel Engine: Effects of Fuel Amount and Timing

1990 ◽  
Vol 112 (3) ◽  
pp. 376-383 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. Uzkan ◽  
C. E. Horton
Keyword(s):  
Diesel Engine ◽  
Heat Release ◽  
Cylinder Pressure ◽  
Release Rates ◽  
Energy Of Combustion ◽  
Water Slurry ◽  
Coal Particles ◽  
Coal Water Slurry ◽  
Temperature Heat ◽  
Pilot Fuel

Coal-water slurry having micronized coal particles with approximately 50 percent coal loading is successfully ignited and combusted in one cylinder of a two-cylinder 645 EMD engine by using diesel fuel pilot ignition aid. The effects of three different parameters, namely, (a) pilot timing, (b) pilot amount, and (c) CWS fuel amount, are investigated in detail. The physical trends of combustion under single parametric variations are presented in terms of the cylinder pressure, temperature, heat release rates, and cumulative heat release curves. CWS combustion with less than 5 percent of the energy of combustion coming from pilot fuel is achieved.

A Preliminary Study of the Carbon-Based Solid Acid Preparation Process

2013 ◽  
Vol 734-737 ◽  
pp. 2236-2239
Author(s):  
Yong Li Li ◽  
Li Ping Mao ◽  
Cai Feng Xu ◽  
Shi You Li
Keyword(s):  
Sulfuric Acid ◽  
Acid Content ◽  
Sulfonic Acid ◽  
Solid Acid ◽  
Acid Group ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Ftir Analysis ◽  
Solid Carbon ◽  
Activity Temperature ◽  
Preliminary Study

Cotton and sulfuric acid that concentration is 98% as the raw material, to compare the resulting solid carbon sulfonic acid content of the material under different reaction temperatures. FTIR analysis shows that the cotton carbon is an amorphous carbon after sulfonation reactions, a sulfonic acid group present in the resulting material. When the sulfonation temperature is 170 °C, the prepared cotton carbon sulfonic acid has the highest acid content. By the sulfuric acid TG/DTG curve analysis, it verify: 170 °C is the highest activity temperature point of sulfuric acid sulfonation reaction.

Mild surface modification of para-aramid fiber by dilute sulfuric acid under microwave irradiation

2016 ◽  
Vol 87 (7) ◽  
pp. 799-806 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tingting Deng ◽  
Guangxian Zhang ◽  
Fangyin Dai ◽  
Fengxiu Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Surface Modification ◽  
Sulfuric Acid ◽  
Microwave Irradiation ◽  
Sulfonic Acid ◽  
Breaking Strength ◽  
Aramid Fiber ◽  
Aramid Fibers ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Dilute Sulfuric Acid ◽  
Sulfonic Acid Groups

In aramid fiber-reinforced composites manufacturing, para-aramid fiber requires surface modification to improve its interfacial adhesion with matrix materials. In this study, aramid fiber was modified with dilute sulfuric acid, which was gradually concentrated under microwave irradiation. Results showed that the aramid fiber could be efficiently modified. Sulfonic acid groups were introduced on the surface of the aramid fiber, as confirmed by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. The breaking strength and thermal stability of the modified aramid fiber were not adversely affected. When the concentration of sulfuric acid was 30.0 g/L, the breaking strength of the aramid fiber remained at 90.7% of the original value, and the number of sulfonic acid groups of 1 g modified aramid fibers was 1.38 × 10–5 mol/g. Thermogravimetric and X-ray diffraction analyses showed that the main structure of the aramid fibers was not affected. The aramid fiber surface was not severely etched, as evidenced by scanning electron microscopy images. Therefore, this modifying method involving a gradual change in sulfuric acid concentration may be widely applied in many fields.

Numerical Simulation of Erosion and Particle Motion of Multi-Medium Oil-Coal-Water Slurry Pump

2011 ◽  
Vol 346 ◽  
pp. 398-404
Author(s):  
Qiang Zhang ◽  
Qiu Shuang Song ◽  
Jun Mao
Keyword(s):  
Solid Particle ◽  
Machine Surface ◽  
Solid Phase ◽  
Continuous Phase ◽  
Motion Trajectory ◽  
Discrete Phase Model ◽  
Water Slurry ◽  
Coal Particles ◽  
Coal Water Slurry ◽  
The Impact

Oil-coal-water slurry as a new alternative fuel was used on diesel engines. The Multi- medium oil -coal-water slurry pump wears serious bottleneck with presence of solid coal particles. Based on VOF multi-flow model, Reynolds stress model and discrete phase model to the continuous phase and dispersed phase, the Multi- medium erosion and motion trajectory of solid particle the impact progress between solid particle and machine surface were simulated successfully. The volume content of solid phase in Multi- medium flow was lower than 10 % in this simulation model. According to the simulation result, the related parameters of solid particle, such as density and diameter, mix proportional and plunger speed of impeller greatly influenced the motion trajectory and the impaction with machine surface of solid particle. The solid particle with large mass was apt to move toward to the working surface and impacted the inside of piston shell. By contraries, little particle was liable to impact the plunger barrel assembly. The plunger speed more high, the plunger barrel assembly more erosion. The plunger barrel assembly wears with solid mix proportional.

Insights on the catalytic behaviour of sulfonic acid-functionalized ionic liquids (ILs) in transesterification reactions – voltammetric characterization of sulfonic task-specific ILs with bisulfate anions

2021 ◽  
Vol 23 (4) ◽  
pp. 2731-2741
Author(s):  
María B. Martini ◽  
José L. Fernández ◽  
Claudia G. Adam
Keyword(s):  
Cyclic Voltammetry ◽  
Ionic Liquids ◽  
Sulfuric Acid ◽  
Sulfonic Acid ◽  
Acid Catalysis ◽  
On Demand ◽  
Catalytic Behaviour ◽  
Sulfonic Acid Groups

Cyclic voltammetry measurements on imidazolic ionic liquids with sulfonic acid groups and bisulfate counterions revealed that they work as efficient reservoirs of sulfuric acid and are able to dose it on demand to uphold an efficient acid catalysis.

scholarly journals Synthesis of a novel amphoteric copolymer and its application as a dispersant for coal water slurry preparation

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 201480
Author(s):  
Lun Du ◽  
Guanghua Zhang ◽  
Dongdong Yang ◽  
Jie Luo ◽  
Yewei Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Static Stability ◽  
Feed Ratio ◽  
Rheological Models ◽  
Water Slurry ◽  
Angle Measurements ◽  
Coal Particles ◽  
Contact Angle Measurements ◽  
Coal Water Slurry ◽  
Slurry Preparation ◽  
Excellent Stability

In this work, a novel amphoteric copolymer named Poly(sodium p-styrenesulfonate– co -acrylic acid- co -diallyldimethylammonium chloride) (P(SS- co -AA- co -DMDAAC)) was synthesized via free radical polymerization. Afterwards, P(SS- co -AA- co -DMDAAC) was explored for use as a dispersant in coal water slurry (CWS) preparation. The structure of P(SS- co -AA- co -DMDAAC) was verified by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and nuclear magnetic resonance. The synthetic conditions were optimized as the feed ratio of AA to SS was 1 : 1 (for Yulin coal) or 1.5 : 1 (for Yili coal), and DMDAAC dosage was 4.0 wt% (for Yulin coal) and 6.0 wt% (for Yili coal) toward total monomers. The performances of P(SS- co -AA- co -DMDAAC) as a dispersant for CWS were evaluated by various technologies, such as apparent viscosity, zeta potential, static stability and contact angle measurements. The results revealed that the optimized dosage of P(SS- co -AA- co -DMDAAC) in CWS preparation was 0.3 and 0.4 wt% for Yulin coal and Yili coal respectively. In this optimum condition, CWS prepared using P(SS- co -AA- co -DMDAAC) as dispersant showed a typical shear thinning behaviour and excellent stability, which are desired in industries. The rheological models also confirmed the pseudo-plastic characteristics of CWS. Finally, compared with the widely used anionic dispersant naphthalene sulphonate formaldehyde condensate (NSF) and poly(sodium p-styrenesulfonate) (PSS), P(SS- co -AA- co -DMDAAC) developed in this work exhibited better slurry making performance. The introduction of cationic functional groups promoted the adsorption of the dispersant, which further enhanced the electrostatic repulsion and steric hindrance among coal particles. Accordingly, the viscosity of CWS decreased and static stability enhanced.

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