Surface Crystalline Phase and Basicity of MgO/ZrO2-La2O3-y Solid Base Catalyst

2013 ◽  
Vol 669 ◽  
pp. 250-256
Author(s):  
Yu Su ◽  
Peng Wang ◽  
Jin Sheng Gao
Keyword(s):  
Tetragonal Phase ◽  
Molar Ratio ◽  
Solid Base ◽  
Base Catalyst ◽  
Solid Base Catalyst ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Surface Basicity ◽  
Catalyst Temperature ◽  
Temperature Programmed

MgO/ZrO2-La2O3-y solid base catalyst was prepared by precipitation immersion process. Raman spectroscope and X-ray powder diffraction (XRD) were used to determinate the surface phase and bulk phase of solid base catalyst. Temperature programmed desorption of CO2 (CO2-TPD) was employed to study the surface basicity of the catalyst. The results reveal that Mg2+ ion plays a key role in the stabilization of tetragonal phase ZrO2 not only in the bulk but also on the surface of catalyst when the Mg/Zr molar ratio is 0.4. The doping of La2O3 has the role of improving the dispersion of the active component MgO on ZrO2 surface, consequently resulting in the improvement of the catalytic activity of the catalyst rather than stabilizing tetragonal phase ZrO2.

scholarly journals Hierarchical Cs–Pollucite Nanozeolite Modified with Novel Organosilane as an Excellent Solid Base Catalyst for Claisen–Schmidt Condensation of Benzaldehyde and Acetophenone

Processes ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 96 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aleid Ghadah Mohammad S. ◽  
Fitri Khoerunnisa ◽  
Severinne Rigolet ◽  
T. Jean Daou ◽  
Tau-Chuan Ling ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Diffusion ◽  
Catalytic Performance ◽  
Morphological Properties ◽  
Molar Ratio ◽  
Solid Base ◽  
Base Catalyst ◽  
Solid Base Catalyst ◽  
Significant Deterioration ◽  
Consecutive Reaction ◽  
Surface Basicity

Cs–pollucite can be a potential solid base catalyst due to the presence of (Si-O-Al)−Cs+ basic sites. However, it severely suffers from molecular diffusion and pore accessibility problems due to its small micropore opening. Herein, we report the use of new organosilane, viz. dimethyloctadecyl[3-(trimethoxysilyl)propyl]ammonium chloride (TPOAC), as a promising pore-expanding agent to develop the hierarchical structure in nanosized Cs–pollucite. In respect to this, four different amounts of TPOAC were added during the synthesis of hierarchical Cs–pollucite (CP-x, x = 0, 0.3, 1.0, or 2.0, where x is the molar ratio of TPOAC) in order to investigate the effects of TPOAC in the crystallization process of Cs–pollucite. The results show that an addition of TPOAC altered the physico-chemical and morphological properties of hierarchical Cs–pollucite, such as the crystallinity, crystallite size, pore size distribution, surface areas, pore volume, and surface basicity. The prepared solids were also tested in Claisen–Schmidt condensation of benzaldehyde and acetophenone, where 82.2% of the conversion and 100% selectivity to chalcone were achieved by the CP-2.0 catalyst using non-microwave instant heating (200 °C, 100 min). The hierarchical CP-2.0 nanocatalyst also showed better catalytic performance than other homogenous and heterogeneous catalysts and displayed a high catalyst reusability with no significant deterioration in the catalytic performance even after five consecutive reaction runs.

scholarly journals Calcium Oxide from Limestone as Solid Base Catalyst in Transesterification of Reutealis trisperma Oil

2018 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 208 ◽  
Author(s):  
Suprapto Suprapto ◽  
Tikha Reskiani Fauziah ◽  
Meiske S Sangi ◽  
Titie Prapti Oetami ◽  
Imroatul Qoniah ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Decomposition ◽  
Fourier Transform ◽  
Catalytic Activity ◽  
Transesterification Reaction ◽  
Molar Ratio ◽  
Solid Base ◽  
Base Catalyst ◽  
Solid Base Catalyst ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Ester Yield

CaO catalysts were synthesized from limestone by thermal decomposition and coprecipitation methods. The CaO and MgO reference catalysts were also synthesized for comparison. The catalysts were characterized by X-ray diffractometer (XRD) and the analysis result was refined by Rietica software. CaO catalyst obtained by coprecipitation method has higher purity of CaO and lower MgO content than those of calcined CaO. The catalysts were also characterized by Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy. FTIR spectra showed that the catalysts can be easily hydrated and carbonated in air. The catalytic activity of the catalyst was studied in transesterification reaction of Reutealis trisperma (Kemiri Sunan) oil with methanol. Transesterification reaction was carried out at oil to methanol molar ratio 1:1 and 1% of catalyst at 60 °C for 2 h. Catalytic activity of CaO catalyst obtained by coprecipitation was higher than calcined CaO. The methyl ester yield obtained from synthesized CaO, CaO from coprecipitation, calcined CaO, and synthesized MgO catalysts were 56.13; 37.74; 15.97; and 3.61%, respectively.

scholarly journals Utilization of Carbide Lime Waste as Base Catalyst for Biodiesel Production

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (4.35) ◽  
pp. 700 ◽  
Author(s):  
Koguleshun Subramaniam ◽  
Sasidevan Munusamy ◽  
Fei-ling Pua ◽  
Mohd Aizat Mohd Nasir ◽  
Rohaya Othman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ester Group ◽  
Catalytic Performance ◽  
Biodiesel Production ◽  
Strength Analysis ◽  
Solid Base ◽  
Base Catalyst ◽  
Solid Base Catalyst ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Solid Base Catalysts ◽  
Base Catalysts

Calcium rich solid base catalyst was synthesized from local waste carbide lime and its catalytic performance was evaluated via biodiesel production. Carbide lime waste was used to produce CLW-I and CLW-II solid base catalyst using different preparation methods. Characterization including base strength analysis, scanning electron microscope (SEM), energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) were investigated. Catalytic strength was examined by deploying the solid base catalysts for transesterification reaction of palm oil. Fourier Transform Infra-red (FTIR) was used to analyze the presence of ester group in biodiesel. The yield of biodiesel conversion was calculated based on the mass of biodiesel and glycerol. The highest biodiesel conversion rate of 75.30% was achieved by CLW-I solid base catalyst at 9% loading. The good catalytic performance of carbide lime waste derived solid base catalysts proves that it has high potential to replace the usage of conventional catalyst in the biodiesel industry.

scholarly journals CALCIUM OXIDE AS A SOLID BASE CATALYST FOR TRANSESTERIFICATION OF TRA CATFISH FAT

2009 ◽  
Vol 12 (17) ◽  
pp. 91-99 ◽  
Author(s):  
Huong Thi Thanh Le ◽  
Tien Van Huynh ◽  
Tan Minh Phan ◽  
Hoa Thi Viet Tran
Keyword(s):  
Calcium Oxide ◽  
Catalyst Concentration ◽  
Transesterification Reaction ◽  
Biodiesel Production ◽  
Molar Ratio ◽  
Solid Base ◽  
High Catalytic Activity ◽  
Base Catalyst ◽  
Solid Base Catalyst ◽  
Heterogeneous Solid

In our work, biodiesel was prepared from Tra fat by methanolysis reaction using activated calcium oxide as solid base catalyst. Effects of various process parameters on biodiesel production such as molar ratio of methanol to fat, catalyst concentration, temperature and time of reaction and the active mechanism of CaO catalyst for the transesterification reaction were investigated. The results show that CaO has strong basicity and high catalytic activity as a heterogeneous solid base catalyst and the transesterification reaction takes place on basic sites of calcium diglyceroxide formed due to the reaction between Cao and the by-produced glycerol. The biodiesel yield achieves 92.95 % at 60°C, 90 minutes, 8:1 molar ratio of fat to methanol, and 6 % CaO catalyst. Important fuel properties of the produced biodiesel meet the specifications of ASTM D 6751 biodiesel standard.

scholarly journals Mass-transfer studies of solid-base catalyst-aided CO2 absorption and solid-acid catalyst-aided CO2 desorption for CO2 capture in a pilot plant using aqueous solutions of MEA and blends of MEA-MDEA and BEA-AMP

Clean Energy ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (4) ◽  
pp. 263-277
Author(s):  
James Coker ◽  
Daniel Boafo Afari ◽  
Jessica Narku-Tetteh ◽  
Raphael Idem
Keyword(s):  
Mass Transfer ◽  
Pilot Plant ◽  
Solid Acid Catalyst ◽  
Acid Catalyst ◽  
Solid Base ◽  
Co2 Absorption ◽  
Base Catalyst ◽  
Solid Base Catalyst ◽  
Mass Transfer Studies

Abstract Mass-transfer studies of catalyst-aided CO2 absorption and desorption were performed in a full-cycle, bench-scale pilot plant to improve CO2 absorption using 5M MEA, 5M MEA-2M MDEA and 2M BEA-2M AMP. A solid-base catalyst, K/MgO, and an acid catalyst, HZSM-5, were used to facilitate absorption and desorption, respectively. Absorption and desorption mass-transfer performance was presented in terms of the overall mass-transfer coefficient of the gas side (KGav) and liquid side (KLav), respectively. For non-catalytic runs, the highest KGaV and KLaV were 0.086 Kmolm3.kPa.hr  and 0.785 1hr for 2M BEA-2M AMP solvent. The results showed 38.7% KGav and 23.6% KLav increase for 2M BEA-2M AMP with only HZSM-5 catalyst in desorber and a 95% KGaV and 45% KLaV increase for both K/MgO catalyst and HZSM-5 catalyst. This was attributed to the role of K/MgO in bonding loosely with CO2 and making it available for the amine reaction.

Role of ultrasonic irradiation on transesterification of palm oil using calcium oxide as a solid base catalyst

2016 ◽  
Vol 120 ◽  
pp. 62-70 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jutipong Poosumas ◽  
Kanokwan Ngaosuwan ◽  
Armando T. Quitain ◽  
Suttichai Assabumrungrat
Keyword(s):  
Calcium Oxide ◽  
Palm Oil ◽  
Ultrasonic Irradiation ◽  
Solid Base ◽  
Base Catalyst ◽  
Solid Base Catalyst

Biodiesel Preparation with Solid Base Catalyst under Ultrasonic Assistant

2014 ◽  
Vol 548-549 ◽  
pp. 158-163
Author(s):  
Ai Ping Shi ◽  
Jing Ming Zhu ◽  
Qian Ma
Keyword(s):  
Reaction Time ◽  
Orthogonal Experiment ◽  
Molar Ratio ◽  
Solid Base ◽  
Homogeneous Catalyst ◽  
Ultrasonic Frequency ◽  
Base Catalyst ◽  
Solid Base Catalyst ◽  
Preparation Conditions ◽  
Ultrasound Assisted

In order to reduce the production cost of biodiesel, the transesterification process under ultrasound-assisted condition is studyed in this paper by using heterogeneous solid base catalyst NaAlO3/Al2O3 instead of the traditional homogeneous catalyst. Through one-factor experimentation, ultrasonic frequency, oil-alcohol molar ratio, catalyst amount and reaction time on the yield of biodiesel are examined. Transesterification conditions are optimized through orthogonal experiment and the effect order of four factors is as follows: ultrasonic frequency >molar ratio of methanol to oil > reaction time > the amount of catalyst. Results show that the amount of catalyst and reaction time are reduced under ultrasound-assisted condition, and the optimum preparation conditions are: 20min of reaction time, 28KHz of the ultrasonic frequency, molar ratio of methanol to oil 9:1 and 2% catalyst. Under above conditions, the yield of biodiesel reaches 95.21%.

Experiment Study on Biodiesel Produced from Soybean Oil by Solid Base Catalysts

2011 ◽  
Vol 236-238 ◽  
pp. 641-644 ◽  
Author(s):  
Feng Xian Ma ◽  
Jing Xia Li
Keyword(s):  
Soybean Oil ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Molar Ratio ◽  
Solid Base ◽  
Base Catalyst ◽  
Solid Base Catalyst ◽  
Solid Base Catalysts ◽  
Base Catalysts ◽  
Ester Exchange ◽  
Ester Exchange Reaction

In this paper, biodiesel is successfully produced by the ester exchange reaction with solid base catalyst of K2O/Ti-HMS based on soybean oil as raw materials. The result of which shows that K2O/Ti-HMS has good ester exchange activity as solid base catalyst and the catalyst easily is separated from products. By single factor experiment, the influence of K2O load, molar ratio of methanol and oil and catalyst dosage on the biodiesel conversion rate is researched and the optimal relationship between the above parameters is obtained.

Synthesis of curcumin catalyzed by KF/Al2O3

2016 ◽  
Vol 45 (4) ◽  
pp. 225-233 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lihong Gao ◽  
Jiang Chen ◽  
Jun Zheng ◽  
Haiyan Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Catalytic Activity ◽  
Photoelectron Spectroscopy ◽  
Condensation Reaction ◽  
Solid Base ◽  
Reactant Ratio ◽  
Base Catalyst ◽  
Solid Base Catalyst ◽  
Synthetic Process ◽  
Content Type ◽  
X Ray

Purpose The purpose of the study reported in this paper is to synthesis curcumin, which was reported to possess broad pharmacological effects and excellent dyeing properties, via Claisen-Schmidt condensation reaction catalysed by an efficient and green solid base catalyst, KF/Al2O3. Design/methodology/approach A series of catalysts with different KF loadings and varying calcination temperatures had been prepared, characterised by Brunauer–Emmett–Taller surface area, temperature-programmed desorption with CO2 using infrared spectroscopy, X-ray powder diffraction and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and tested in the Claisen–Schmidt condensation reaction. The effects of different reaction parameters such as temperature, the amount of catalyst, reactant ratio and time on the synthesis of curcumin were examined. The possibility of recycling the catalyst was also investigated in detail. Moreover, the reaction mechanism and the role of KF/Al2O3 in the synthetic process were discussed. Findings The study provides an efficient and green solid base catalyst, KF/Al2O3, and 64.3 per cent yield of curcumin was obtained under the optimum reaction conditions. Experimental results indicate that the third reused catalyst could retain part of the catalytic activity, and the regenerated one could be reused with reasonable catalytic activity. Besides, K3AlF6 was proposed as the active site of the catalyst for the reaction by the analysis of the characterization results of KF/Al2O3. Originality/value KF/Al2O3 was found to be an efficient catalyst for catalytic synthesis of curcumin and could be easily recycled several times. This information may be useful for further research and practical applications of curcumin.

Application of Calcium Methoxide as Solid Base Catalyst for Biodiesel Production from Waste Cooking Oil

2016 ◽  
Vol 723 ◽  
pp. 594-598 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nichaonn Chumuang ◽  
Vittaya Punsuvon
Keyword(s):  
Reaction Temperature ◽  
Catalyst Concentration ◽  
Waste Cooking Oil ◽  
Transesterification Reaction ◽  
Biodiesel Production ◽  
Molar Ratio ◽  
Solid Base ◽  
Base Catalyst ◽  
Solid Base Catalyst ◽  
Cooking Oil

In this study, the biodiesel production of waste cooking oil using calcium methoxide as solid base catalyst was investigated. The calcium methoxide catalyst was synthesized from calcined quick lime reacted with methanol. The XRD result showed that the catalyst was successfully synthesized with sufficient purity. The strength of catalyst was examined on the transesterification reaction of waste cooking oil and methanol. Parameters affecting on transesterification such as the catalyst concentration, methanol-to-oil-molar ratio, reaction time and reaction temperature were investigated. The results showed that the percentage of fatty acid methyl ester conversion of 99.06%. The optimum conditions were achieved within 3 h using 3wt% catalyst concentration, 12:1 methanol-to-oil molar ratio and 65°C reaction temperature. In addition, the kinetic study of transesterification reaction was carried out at the temperature from 30°C to 65°C. The pseudo-first order was good agreement with the experiment results. The reaction rate constant (k) and activated energy (Ea) were determined as 0.023 min-1 and 55.77 kJ/mol, respectively.

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