Optimization of Treatment Parameters on the Recycling of Used Lubricating Oil

2013 ◽  
Vol 699 ◽  
pp. 735-741 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ambali Saka Abdulkareem ◽  
Edison Muzenda ◽  
Ayo Samuel Afolabi
Keyword(s):  
Metal Content ◽  
Acid Treatment ◽  
Conventional Treatment ◽  
Treatment Time ◽  
Optimal Solution ◽  
Absorption Spectrometry ◽  
Treatment Temperature ◽  
Lubricating Oil ◽  
Used Oil ◽  
Treatment Parameter

Acid treatment is one of the cheapest techniques and least applicable processes in the recycling of used lubricating oils. In this work, the performance of sulphuric acid in the treatment used oil was studied. The effects of the critical treatment parameters (acid volume, concentration of the acid, treatment temperature, stirring time and treatment time) were investigated by varying one treatment parameter at a time and analysing metal content in the sample of the treated oil using atomic absorption spectrometry (ASS). Thereafter, an optimal solution was determined by the combination of the optimum values of each treatment parameters. The original conventional treatment parameter values, resulted in 13.2 ppm and thereafter was optimised to 11 ppm this showed a definite improvement in efficiency. This result is also comparable to other data obtained in previously studied work which employed the same conventional treatment parameters. The optimal solution is within 10% variation as compared the standard individual metal content which ranges 0-10 ppm.

Characteristics of Lithium Polysilicate Electrolyte Synthesized by Sol-Gel Processing

2007 ◽  
Vol 124-126 ◽  
pp. 1031-1034
Author(s):  
Bong Soo Jin ◽  
Bok Ki Min ◽  
Chil Hoon Doh
Keyword(s):  
Heat Treatment ◽  
Acid Treatment ◽  
Treatment Time ◽  
Sol Gel ◽  
Silicate Solution ◽  
Treatment Temperature ◽  
Lithium Silicate ◽  
Treatment Conditions ◽  
Xrd Patterns ◽  
Si Wafer

To find out suitable Si surface treatment and heat treatment conditions, acid treatment of Si wafer was done for lithium polysilicate electrolyte coating on Si wafer. In case of HCl treatment, the wet angle of a sample is 30o, which is the smallest wet angle of other acid in this experiment. Acid treatment time is 10 min, which is no more change of wet angle. Lithium polysilicate electrolyte was synthesized by hydrolysis and condensation of lithium silicate solution using perchloric acid. Thermal analysis of lithium polysilicate electrolyte shows the weight loss of ~23 % between 400 and 500 , which is due to the decomposition of LiClO4. The XRD patterns of the obtained lithium polysilicate electrolyte also show the decrement of LiClO4 peak at 400 . The optimum heat treatment temperature is below 400 , which is the suitable answer for lithium polysilicate electrolyte.

Reclamation of Spent Automobile Engine Lubricating Oil

2013 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
R U Owolabi
Keyword(s):  
Pour Point ◽  
Acid Treatment ◽  
Point Cloud ◽  
Volume Ratio ◽  
Extraction Process ◽  
Lubricating Oil ◽  
Solvent Treatment ◽  
Used Oil ◽  
Key Parameter ◽  
Lubricating Properties

In this study, some of the property reclamation methods for spent lubricating oil (SLO) were demonstrated. Firstly, 3.5 L of SLO was subjected to physical methods such as natural settling, sedimentation, magnetisaton and filtration to remove all forms of particles irrespective of size. The remaining samples were either subjected to acid treatment using concentrated sulphuric acid or solvent treatment using methanol, butanol and toluene including their blends to study their performance in the extraction process to recover the lubricating oil. The key parameter considered is the volume ratio of solvent/acid to used lubricating oil. In all, 5, 10, 15 and 20 ml respectively were used for each of the treatments. Activated carbon was equally introduced as adsorbent. A ratio of 4:1 (B20 formulation) for the treated spent oil and additives was used in this study for the final reclamation of the spent oil. The performance of each of the treatments process was investigated by subjecting all samples to laboratory analysis using American Standards for Testing and Methods (ASTM) to evaluate certain lubricating/tribological properties such as density, viscosity, pour point, cloud point etc. Both virgin oil and used oil were also simultaneously subjected to analysis with other recovered oil samples. The results suggest that the oil recovered by solvent treatments, particularly methanol exhibited better lubricating properties and can be rendered as good as virgin lubricants with the addition of certain additives. However, acid treatment demonstrated improved colour and appearance recovery compared to solvents.

Application of Kaolin Solid Acid Catalyst in the Dethiophene from Coking Benzene

2012 ◽  
Vol 455-456 ◽  
pp. 966-973 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ying Wen Li ◽  
Hong Zhu Ma
Keyword(s):  
Catalytic Activity ◽  
Acid Treatment ◽  
Solid Acid ◽  
Treatment Time ◽  
Sintering Temperature ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Solid Acid Catalyst ◽  
Acid Catalyst ◽  
Treatment Temperature ◽  
Sintering Time

A low-cost solid acid catalyst derived from kaolin and sulphuric acid, was utilized for the removal of thiophene from coking benzene. The effect of various factors, such as sintering temperature, sintering time, acid treatment temperature, acid treatment time and the acid content, were investigated to improve the catalytic activity in the removal of thiophene, estimated by UV-vis spectrum. The results showed that kaolin calcined at 973 K for 6 h and refluxed for 3 h in 3 mol/L H2SO4 at 363 K displayed higher thiophene removal efficiency. The highest one was up to 93.05%. In that process, acetic anhydride was appended in order to improve the efficiency of desulfurization.

An Analytical Evaluation of the Optimal Thermal Dose Delivery Parameters for Thermal Therapies

2003 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kung-Shan Cheng ◽  
Robert B. Roemer
Keyword(s):  
Blood Flow ◽  
Treatment Time ◽  
Heating Time ◽  
Treatment Temperature ◽  
Thermal Dose ◽  
Dose Delivery ◽  
Thermal Therapies ◽  
Initial Power ◽  
High Treatment ◽  
Optimal Heating

This study derives the first analytic solution for evaluating the optimal treatment parameters needed for delivering a desired thermal dose during thermal therapies consisting of a single heating pulse. Each treatment is divided into four time periods (two power-on and two power-off), and the thermal dose delivered during each of those periods is evaluated using the non-linear Sapareto and Dewey equation relating thermal dose to temperature and time. The results reveal that the thermal dose delivered during the second power-on period when T>43C (TD2) and the initial power-off period when T>43C (TD3) contribute the major portions of the total thermal dose needed for a successful treatment (taken as 240 CEM43°C), and that TD3 dominates for treatments with higher peak temperatures. For a fixed perfusion value, the analytical results show that once the maximum treatment temperature and the total thermal dose (e.g., 240 CEM43°C) are specified, then the required heating time and the applied power magnitude are uniquely determined. These are the optimal heating parameters since lower/higher values result in under-dosing/over-dosing of the treated region. It is also shown that higher maximum treatment temperatures result in shorter treatment times, and for each patient blood flow there is a maximum allowable temperature that can be used to reach the desired thermal dose. In addition, since TD2 and TD3 contribute most of the total thermal dose, and they are both significantly affected by the blood flow present for high treatment temperatures, these results show that perfusion effects must be considered when attempting to optimize high temperature thermal therapy treatments (no excess thermal dose delivered, minimum power applied and shortest treatment time attained).

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