The Effect of Kaolin Clay on Fire Retardancy and Thermal Degradation of Intumescent Flame Retardant (IFR)/Natural Rubber Composite

2013 ◽  
Vol 844 ◽  
pp. 334-337 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thiranan Thuechart ◽  
Wirunya Keawwattana
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Degradation ◽  
Natural Rubber ◽  
Flame Retardant ◽  
Cone Calorimeter ◽  
Intumescent Flame Retardant ◽  
Kaolin Clay ◽  
Fire Retardancy ◽  
Blowing Agent ◽  
Rubber Composite ◽  
Synergistic Agent

Study the effect of kaolin clay as a synergistic agent on flame retardancy and thermal degradation in natural rubber based on intumescent flame retardant (IFR); consisting of ammonium polyphosphate (APP) as acid source, pentaerythritol (PER) as a carbonization agent and melamine (ME) as a blowing agent was undertaken. The intumescent was examined at different loading (60, 80 and 100 phr). Kaolin clay was incorporated into flame retardant at four different concentrations (0.5, 1.0, 1.5 and 2.0 wt% of flame retardant) to investigate the synergism between the flame retardant materials. The flammability and thermal degradation of composites were characterized by UL-94 rating (vertical burning) test, cone calorimeter (CONE) and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). All composites could meet the UL94V-0 standard. A synergist effect was observed when kaolin clay is used in combination with the intumescent flame-retardant through the TGA and CONE results. Moreover Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) was done for the char morphology.

Alkali Lignin as a Carbonization Agent on the Thermal Degradation and Flame Retardancy of Intumescent Flame Retardant Coating

2013 ◽  
Vol 750-752 ◽  
pp. 1385-1388 ◽  
Author(s):  
Li Yong Jiao ◽  
Zheng Jie Wu
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Degradation ◽  
Flame Retardant ◽  
Flame Retardancy ◽  
Cone Calorimeter ◽  
Intumescent Flame Retardant ◽  
Thermal Stabilities ◽  
Alkali Lignin ◽  
Blowing Agent ◽  
Cone Calorimeter Test ◽  
Peak Heat Release Rate

The influence of alkali lignin (AL) as a carbonization agent on the thermal degradation and flame retardancy of intumescent flame retardant (IFR) coating was investigated under air condition, with ammonium polyphosphate (APP) as an acid source, and melamine (MEL) as a blowing agent. Compared with a traditional APP/pentaerythritol (PER) /MEL IFR system, thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) results showed that APP/AL/MEL IFR system could induce the synergistic effect at a much boarder temperature range, and improve the thermal stabilities of the IFR coating. With the increase of AL loading, cone calorimeter test showed the peak heat release rate of the IFR coatings decreased from 54.86 MJ/m2to 41.06 MJ/m2.

Effect of carbon allotropes on foam formation, cure characteristics, mechanical and thermal properties of NRF/carbon composites

2020 ◽  
pp. 0021955X2097954
Author(s):  
Pollawat Charoeythornkhajhornchai ◽  
Wutthinun Khamloet ◽  
Pattharawun Nungjumnong
Keyword(s):  
Natural Rubber ◽  
Bubble Diameter ◽  
Carbon Composites ◽  
Mechanical And Thermal Properties ◽  
Foam Formation ◽  
Carbon Filler ◽  
Composite Foam ◽  
Carbon Allotropes ◽  
Blowing Agent ◽  
Rubber Composite

Natural rubber composite foam with carbon such as carbon black (CB), carbon synthesized from durian bark (CDB), graphite (GPT), graphene oxide (GO), graphene (GPE) and multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNT) was studied in this work to investigate the relationship between foam formation during decomposition of chemical blowing agent mechanism and crosslink reaction of rubber molecules by sulphur. Natural rubber composite foam with carbon particle was set at 3 parts per hundred of rubber (phr) to observe the effect of carbon allotropes on foam formation with different microstructure and properties of natural rubber composite foam. The balancing of crosslink reaction by sulphur molecules during foam formation by the decomposition of chemical blowing agent affects the different morphology of natural rubber foam/carbon composites leading to the different mechanical and thermal properties. The result showed the fastest cure characteristics of natural rubber foam with 3 phr of graphene (NRF-GPE3) which was completely cure within 6.55 minutes (tc90) measured by moving die rheometer resulting in the smallest bubble diameter among other formulas. Moreover, natural rubber foam with 3 phr of MWCNT (NRF-MWCNT3) had the highest modulus (0.0035 ± 0.0005 N/m2) due to the small bubble size with high bulk density. In addition, natural rubber foam with 3 phr of GPT (NRF-GPT3) had the highest thermal expansion coefficient (282.12 ± 69 ppm/K) due to high amount of gas bubbles inside natural rubber foam matrix and natural rubber foam with 3 phr of GO (NRF-GO3) displayed the lowest thermal conductivity (0.0798 ± 0.0003 W/m.K) which was lower value than natural rubber foam without carbon filler (NRF). This might be caused by the effect of bubble diameter and bulk density as well as the defect on surface of graphene oxide compared to others carbon filler.

Thermal degradation of DNA, an all-in-one natural intumescent flame retardant

2015 ◽  
Vol 113 ◽  
pp. 110-118 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jenny Alongi ◽  
Alessandro Di Blasio ◽  
John Milnes ◽  
Giulio Malucelli ◽  
Serge Bourbigot ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Degradation ◽  
Flame Retardant ◽  
Intumescent Flame Retardant
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