A Theoretical Model on Blast Lung Injury from an Explosion

2013 ◽  
Vol 850-851 ◽  
pp. 1220-1224
Author(s):  
Jun Qi Fan ◽  
Jun Xia Yang ◽  
Fu Li Kong ◽  
Kui Huang
Keyword(s):  
Theoretical Model ◽  
Lung Injury ◽  
Present Model ◽  
Metal Foam ◽  
Energy Criterion ◽  
Excessive Pressure ◽  
Biological Damage ◽  
Blast Lung Injury ◽  
Kinematic Velocity ◽  
The One

About the prediction of the biological damage effects on the lung of human under explosion wave, there are three different criterions, including excessive pressure-impulse criterion, kinematic velocity criterion and specific energy criterion. In the paper, based on the established three criterions and the practical anatomical structure of lung , a new theoretical model on blast lung injury from an explosion is developed. In the present model, the problem of blast lung injury is simplified as the one-dimensional propagation of stress wave in metal foam. Results show that the failure stress of the lung is 0.036~0.072 MPa, and the three criterions can convert to each other.

A Theoretical Model for a Flat Micro Heat Pipe With a Grooved Wick Using Nanofluids

2009 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kyu Hyung Do ◽  
Byung Il Choi ◽  
Yong Shik Han ◽  
Seok Pil Jang
Keyword(s):  
Theoretical Model ◽  
Heat Pipe ◽  
Thermal Performance ◽  
Present Model ◽  
Surface Characteristics ◽  
Porous Coating ◽  
Evaporation And Condensation ◽  
Micro Heat Pipe ◽  
The One ◽  
Al2o3 Nanofluid

A theoretical model is developed for predicting the thermal performance of a flat micro heat pipe with a rectangular grooved wick using a water-based Al2O3 nanofluid. In the present model, the axial variations of the wall temperature and the evaporation and condensation rates are considered by solving the one-dimensional conduction equation for the wall and the augmented Young-Laplace equation for the phase change process. In particular, a model which accounts for the change of the heat transfer surface characteristics by the formation of a thin porous coating layer is suggested. By using the developed model, the thermal performance of the heat pipe using nanofluid is compared with that of the heat pipe using based fluid. It is found that the thin porous layer on the fin top and the side of the groove which is created by nanoparticles suspended in nanofluids significantly increases the thermal performance of the heat pipe.

scholarly journals NF-κB and FosB mediate inflammation and oxidative stress in the blast lung injury of rats exposed to shock waves

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hong Wang ◽  
Wenjuan Zhang ◽  
Jinren Liu ◽  
Junhong Gao ◽  
Le Fang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Lung Injury ◽  
Shock Waves ◽  
Time Dependent ◽  
Inflammatory Factors ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Total Antioxidant ◽  
Blast Lung Injury ◽  
And Oxidative Stress

Abstract Blast lung injury (BLI) is the major cause of death in explosion-derived shock waves; however, the mechanisms of BLI are not well understood. To identify the time-dependent manner of BLI, a model of lung injury of rats induced by shock waves was established by a fuel air explosive. The model was evaluated by hematoxylin and eosin staining and pathological score. The inflammation and oxidative stress of lung injury were also investigated. The pathological scores of rats’ lung injury at 2 h, 24 h, 3 days, and 7 days post-blast were 9.75±2.96, 13.00±1.85, 8.50±1.51, and 4.00±1.41, respectively, which were significantly increased compared with those in the control group (1.13±0.64; P<0.05). The respiratory frequency and pause were increased significantly, while minute expiratory volume, inspiratory time, and inspiratory peak flow rate were decreased in a time-dependent manner at 2 and 24 h post-blast compared with those in the control group. In addition, the expressions of inflammatory factors such as interleukin (IL)-6, IL-8, FosB, and NF-κB were increased significantly at 2 h and peaked at 24 h, which gradually decreased after 3 days and returned to normal in 2 weeks. The levels of total antioxidant capacity, total superoxide dismutase, and glutathione peroxidase were significantly decreased 24 h after the shock wave blast. Conversely, the malondialdehyde level reached the peak at 24 h. These results indicated that inflammatory and oxidative stress induced by shock waves changed significantly in a time-dependent manner, which may be the important factors and novel therapeutic targets for the treatment of BLI.

scholarly journals Nebulised recombinant activated factor VII (rFVIIa) does not attenuate the haemorrhagic effects of blast lung injury

2018 ◽  
Vol 165 (1) ◽  
pp. 51-56
Author(s):  
Jason E Smith ◽  
S Watts ◽  
A M Spear ◽  
C Wilson ◽  
E Kirkman
Keyword(s):  
Lung Injury ◽  
Electron Paramagnetic Resonance Spectroscopy ◽  
Rabbit Model ◽  
Factor Vii ◽  
Alveolar Haemorrhage ◽  
Systemic Absorption ◽  
Resonance Spectroscopy ◽  
Recombinant Activated Factor Vii ◽  
Activated Factor Vii ◽  
Blast Lung Injury

IntroductionPrimary blast lung injury causes intrapulmonary haemorrhage. A number of case reports have suggested the efficacy of recombinant activated factor VII (rFVIIa) in the treatment of diffuse alveolar haemorrhage from a range of medical causes, but its efficacy in blast lung is unknown. The aim of this study was to investigate whether nebulised rFVIIa attenuates the haemorrhagic effects of blast lung injury in an animal model.MethodsTerminally anaesthetised rabbits subjected to blast lung injury were randomised to receive either rFVIIa or placebo via a nebuliser. The primary outcome was the level of blood iron–transferrin complex, a marker of the extent of blast lung injury, analysed using low temperature electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy.ResultsBlast exposure led to a significant fall in iron-bound transferrin in both groups of animals (p<0.001), which remained depressed during the study. There were no significant differences in iron–transferrin between the rFVIIa and placebo treatment groups over the duration of the study (p=0.081), and there was no trend towards elevated iron–transferrin in the rFVIIa-treated group once drug treatment had started. There was suggestive evidence of systemic absorption of rFVIIa given via the inhaled route.ConclusionA single dose of nebulised rFVIIa did not attenuate pulmonary haemorrhage in a rabbit model of blast lung injury. As there was some evidence of systemic absorption, the inhaled route does not avoid the concern about potential thromboembolic complications from administration of rFVIIa.

scholarly journals DNA methylation meta-analysis confirms the division of the genome into two functional groups

2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lev Salnikov ◽  
Saveli Goldberg ◽  
Parvathy Sukumaran ◽  
Eugene Pinsky
Keyword(s):  
Theoretical Model ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Housekeeping Gene ◽  
Functional Differentiation ◽  
Gene Group ◽  
Leading Role ◽  
Dispersion Data ◽  
Genome Methylation ◽  
Group A ◽  
The One

Based on a meta-analysis of human genome methylation data, we tested a theoretical model in which aging is explained by the redistribution of limited resources in cells between two main tasks of the organism: its self-sustenance based on the function of the housekeeping gene group (HG) and functional differentiation, provided by the (IntG) integrative gene group. A meta-analysis of methylation of 100 genes, 50 in the HG group and 50 in IntG, showed significant differences ( p<0.0001) between our groups in the level of absolute methylation values of genes bodies and its promoters. We showed a reliable decrease of absolute methylation values in IntG with rising age in contrast to HG, where this level remained constant. The one-sided decrease in methylation in the IntG group is indirectly confirmed by the dispersion data analysis, which also decreased in the genes of this group. The imbalance between HG and IntG in methylation levels suggests that this IntG-shift is a side effect of the ontogenesis grownup program and the main cause of aging. The theoretical model of functional genome division also suggests the leading role of slow dividing and post mitotic cells in triggering and implementing the aging process.

A model for predicting primary blast lung injury

2012 ◽  
Vol 73 (5) ◽  
pp. 1121-1129 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lisa N. MacFadden ◽  
Philemon C. Chan ◽  
Kevin H.-H. Ho ◽  
James H. Stuhmiller
Keyword(s):  
Lung Injury ◽  
Primary Blast ◽  
Blast Lung Injury

scholarly journals A General Expression for the Stagnant Thermal Conductivity of Stochastic and Periodic Structures

2018 ◽  
Vol 140 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
X. Bai ◽  
C. Hasan ◽  
M. Mobedi ◽  
A. Nakayama
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Conductivity ◽  
General Expression ◽  
Metal Foam ◽  
Solid Angle ◽  
Periodic Structures ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
High Thermal Conductivity ◽  
Numerical Calculations ◽  
The One ◽  
Good Agreement

A general expression has been obtained to estimate thermal conductivities of both stochastic and periodic structures with high-solid thermal conductivity. An air layer partially occupied by slanted circular rods of high-thermal conductivity was considered to derive the general expression. The thermal conductivity based on this general expression was compared against that obtained from detailed three-dimensional numerical calculations. A good agreement between two sets of results substantiates the validity of the general expression for evaluating the stagnant thermal conductivity of the periodic structures. Subsequently, this expression was averaged over a hemispherical solid angle to estimate the stagnant thermal conductivity for stochastic structures such as a metal foam. The resulting expression was found identical to the one obtained by Hsu et al., Krishnan et al., and Yang and Nakayama. Thus, the general expression can be used for both stochastic and periodic structures.

Blast Lung Injury

2012 ◽  
pp. 342-342
Author(s):  
Vikas P. Chaubey ◽  
Kevin B. Laupland ◽  
Christopher B. Colwell ◽  
Gina Soriya ◽  
Shelden Magder ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lung Injury ◽  
Blast Lung Injury

Blast Lung Injury

2015 ◽  
pp. 209-210
Author(s):  
Sara J. Aberle
Keyword(s):  
Lung Injury ◽  
Blast Lung Injury

Some Basic Elements of Psychoanalysis According to Sigmund Freud

2017 ◽  
pp. 38-113
Keyword(s):  
Theoretical Model ◽  
Sigmund Freud ◽  
Typical Feature ◽  
The Other ◽  
Human Being ◽  
Symbolic Function ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Human Psyche ◽  
Psychoanalytic Thought ◽  
The One

After having briefly but exhaustively recalled the main lines of Freudian psychoanalytic thought, we have discussed a possible psychoanalytic theoretical model for human symbolic function mainly centred on the action of a set of primary psychic mechanisms rejoined around the negative, in its widest sense according to the works of André Green. A chief aspect of this pattern has turned out to be an underlying, irreducible dialecticity that reflects on the one hand, the typical feature of human symbolic function, and, on the other hand, the main outcome of the unavoidable presence of a basic dichotomy formalized the so-called phallic logic, that is, that primordial, ancestral and irreducible logical nucleus inevitably present in the deepest meanders of human psyche as an inborn structure phylogenetically preformed and ontogenetically re-established during the psychic evolution of any human being.

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